• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.174-184
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• 1998

Biosorption characteristics were investigated to discuss the use of agar entrapped Spirulina to remove of heavy metal ions from polluted waters. Agar immobilized algae were used as bioadsorbent in continuous reactor for heavy metal ions removal. The process solution contains Pb, Cu, and Cd as single ion and binary ions. In the adsorption of single heavy metal ions by agar immobilized Spirulina, the adsorption reached within 1hr and observed diffusion limitation differed from the free algal cell adsorption. The optimum pH for the adsorption of heavy metals was 4.5 but the influence of pH decreased less than that of free algal cell. Also, the adsorption characteristics of single heavy metal ions with agar immobilized Spirulina fitted the BET isotherm. Both of experiments of free algal cell and agar immobilized algae showed higher removal efficiency in the single ion solutions than binary ions solutions. The experimental results in the packed column with agar immobilized algae were over 90% of removal efficiency for the Pb, Cu, and Cd in single ion solutions.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 1997

For purification of a 70kDa toxic protein of mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin from B. thuringiensis strain H9B, immuno-affinity chromatography was performed. After separation of 70kDa toxic proteins from the delta-endotoxin of the strain H9B on SDS-PAGE, the 70kDa toxic protein was subcutaneously injected into rabbit for making a polyclonal antibody. A anti-70kDa toxic protein was purified by a column chromatography packed with protein A-sepharose 4B gels. The 70kDa toxic protein from delta-endotoxin of the strain H9B was also purified by an immuno-affinity chromatography packed with CNBr-activated sepharose 4B gels conjugated anti-70kDa toxic protein after elution with 1/10M citric acid-1/5M Na$_{2}$HPO$_{4}$ buffer(pH3.2) containing 0.5M NaCl. The 70kDa toxic protein was purified through only one step-separation system, was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 2006

Caprolactam is the most important raw material for making Nylon 6 fibers and its quality directly determines the quality of Nylon. So it is necessary to study the techniques and methods to remove the colorful impurities from caprolactam. In this paper, the decolorization of caprolactam aqueous solution by anion exchange resins was studied and the decoloring abilities of five commercial resins were investigated. The regeneration of the resins was also studied, too. This study shows that the resin AMTX202 have excellent decoloring ability in the column experiment and that the decoloring efficiency is correlated with the volume of resins packed and is slightly affected by the flow rate and regenerating times. The fact that the resins can be regenerated and reused without affecting the efficiency of decolorization will decrease the cost of the treatment and operation in the industry. The adsorption of colored compounds with anion exchange resins in the packed columns seems to be technically feasible.

• Applied Chemistry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2013

High performance count-current flow in packedtower design. Column that packed with Montz packing regular and dumped packing with Pall Ring, Hiflow Ring and Hackette have been represented high performance in vaccum rectification and absorption. The new correlating of these relationship based on the numerous results has been developed for process calculation and design. The results of laboratory or experimental pilot plant can be adopted directly for scale-up.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2017

Mill scale, an iron waste, was used to separate magnetite particles for the adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution. Mill scale has a layered structure composed of wustite (FeO), magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$), and hematite ($Fe_2O_3$). Because magnetite shows the highest magnetic property among these iron oxides, it can be easily separated from the crushed mill scale particles. Several techniques were employed to characterize the separated particles. Mill scale-derived magnetite particles exhibited a strong uptake affinity to phosphate in a wide pH range of 3-7, with the maximum adsorptive removal of 100%, at the dosage of 1 g/L, pH 3-5. Langmuir isotherm model well described the equilibrium data, exhibiting maximum adsorption capacities for phosphate up to 4.95 and 8.79 mg/g at 298 and 308 K, respectively. From continuous operation of the packed-bed column reactor operated with different EBCT (empty bed contact time) and adsorbent particle size, the breakthrough of phosphate started after 8-22 days of operation. After regeneration of the column reactor with 0.1N NaOH solution, 95-98% of adsorbed phosphate could be detached from the column reactor.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.168-177
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• 2013

This experiment was carried out to estimate leaching potential of thirteen endocrine disruptor-suspected pesticides in upland soils using soil columns (5 cm I.D. ${\times}$ 35 cm H.) packed with soil A (sandy loam) and soil B (loam). When 12.6 mL of water, average precipitation in Cheongju area during the period from June to August, 2001-2010, was percolated through soil column packed with soil A every day for 21 days, no pesticides were detected from leachate, with the exception of metribuzin which was detected with negligible. Also, when 2 L of water was percolated consecutively five times through soil columns packed with soil A and B, irrespective of soil types, cypermethrin, endosulfan, fenvalerate, parathion and trifluralin, which were very low water solubilities and high soil $K_{oc}s$, were not detected from leachate and were distributed mostly in the depth of 0-5 cm, representing that water solubility and soil $K_{oc}$ are major contributing factors to their leaching behavior. Despite high average leaching rates in carbaryl and methomyl, actual possibilities of ground water contamination in the agricultural environment by them would be very low, considering that the negligible amount of pesticide was percolated through a lysimeter with an undisturbed soil core simulating the field conditions, while most of pesticide was percolated through a soil column with the disturbed soil profile.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 1997

Aiming at the treatment of large volumes of gas with a low concentration of poorly water soluble VOC(Volatile Organic Compound), a new system is proposed: the combination absorption tower/bioreactor. In the scrubber part of the bioscrubbing system, the contaminating compounds are absorbed in a aqueous phase. The contaminated scrubbing liquid is transported to the bioreactor, where the compounds are biodegraded by aerobic microorganisms (mainly to carbon dioxide, water, and biomass). In this study, separation of a volatile organic compound(VOC) out of a waste gas stream has been carried out using a re-cyclable high boiling point extrant(HBE). The liquid stream containing a high boiling point entrant(HBE) scrubs the gas stream in a direct gas-liquid countercurrent contacting operation in a packed tower for the removal of said component from the gaseous stream. A packed-bed column using Pall Ring was set up in order to simulate practical conditions for the scrubbing tower. The liquid stream transported to the bioreactor is recovered and recycled to the scrubber. The model gas, which contained 400 mg/$\textrm{m}^3$ of toluene, at a rate of 100 L/min, flowed into the packed column where the scrubbing liquid trickled over the packing in countercurrent to the rising gas at 10~15L/min. The bioscrubber designed for large volume air streams containing VOCs showed removal efficiency up to 80% in an optimum operating conditions during the tests fer removing toluene from an air stream by scrubbing the air stream with HBE.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1747-1756
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• 2000

Crab shell particles (Protunus trituberculatus) and activated carbon (Norit 0.8 SUPRA) were used as packing material in a fixed-bed column. When 1 g crab shell was added in the column packed with 10 g activated carbon. breakthrough to influent 10 mg Pb/L occurred at 1520 bed volumes. as compared to 380 bed volumes for 10 g activated carbon only. Addition of crab shell particles into activated carbon column resulted in increased uptake of lead. The dramatic improvement might be attributed to an increase in $co_3{^{2-}}$ and $OH^-$ available for the binding of lead. From the result of analyses, the major mechanism of lead removal was based on dissolution of $CaCO_3$ in the crab shell followed by precipitation of $Pb_3(CO_3)_2(OH)_{2(s)}$ on the surface of activated carbon. The lead uptake increased two fold as the influent lead concentration was increased from 10 to 50 mg/L. However, it decreased by 40% as the influent pH was lowered from 5.0 to 3.0.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.535-541
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• 2005

Peat humin(p-Humin) extracted from Canadian Sphagnum peat moss was packed in a column and removal of heavy metal ions such as Cd, Cu and Pb from aqueous solution under flow conditions was studied. The metal ions were removed not only from single-element solutions but also from a multi-metal solution. Column kinetics for metal removal were described by the Thomas model. For single-component metal solutions, the maximum adsorption capacities of the p-Humin for Pb, Cu and Cd were 138.8, 44.66 and 41.61 mg/g, respectively. The results of multi-component competitive adsorption showed that adsorption affinity was in the order of Pb $\gg$ Cu > Cd. The adsorbed metal ions were easily deserted from the p-Humin with 0.05 N $HNO_3$ solution. It is apparent that 95% of the heavy metal ions were recovered from the saturated column. This investigation provides possibility to clean up heavy-metal contaminated waste waters by using the natural biomass, p-Humin as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective new biosorbents.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1972

The determination method of l-ephedrine and dl-methylephedrine by gas chromatography was developed, using reactive alkaline precolumn packed with celite 545 containing KOH. Symmetrical peaks were achieved under the condition, inlet temperature, $180^{\circ}C$-$230^{\circ}C$; column temperature, $180^{\circ}C$- $160^{\circ}C$; carrier gas flow rate, 30ml/minute. The peaks of the salts coincided with those of bases. When this method was applied to preparations, using d-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde as inner standard, good results were obtained. The relative retention times of l-ephedrine and dl-methylephedrine to p-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde were 0.50 and 0.65 respectively.