• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2006

Many real world cases in material failure analysis do not follow perfectly the normal distribution. Forcing of the normality assumption may lead to inaccurate predictions and poor product quality. We examine the failure process of the internal bond (IB or tensile strength) of medium density fiberboard (MDF). We propose a forced censoring technique that closer fits the lower tails of strength distributions and better estimates extremely smaller percentiles, which may be valuable to continuous quality improvement initiatives. Further analyses are performed to build an accelerated common-shaped Weibull model for different product types using the $JMP^{(R)}$ Survival and Reliability platform. In this paper, a forced censoring technique is implemented for the first time as a software module, using $JMP^{(R)}$ Scripting Language (JSL) to expedite data processing, which is crucial for real-time manufacturing settings. Also, we use JSL to automate the task of fitting an accelerated Weibull model and testing model homogeneity in the shape parameter. Finally, a package script is written to readily provide field engineers customized reporting for model visualization, parameter estimation, and percentile forecasting. Our approach may be more accurate for product conformance evaluation, plus help reduce the cost of destructive testing and data management due to reduced frequency of testing. It may also be valuable for preventing field failure and improved product safety even when destructive testing is not reduced by yielding higher precision intervals at the same confidence level.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.149-152
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• 2008

FBG sensor system is applied to the concrete lining structure in Taegu subway. Near the structure, the power cable tunnel construction started. We wanted to measure the deformation of the structure due to the construction by the FBG sensor. The applied sensor has the gauge length of 1 meter to overcome the inhomogeneity of the concrete material with enough length. In order to fix tightly to the structure, the partially stripped parts of the sensor glued to the package and slip phenomenon between fiber and acrylate jacket was prevented. Prestrain of the sensor was imposed by controlling the two fixed points with bolts and nuts in order to measure compressive strain as well as tensile strain. The behavior of subway lining structure could be monitored very well

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.221-231
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• 1994

Age determination in children have been criticized because they rely on subjective estimations of tooth development, as seen in radiographs. This study was undertaken to obtain the objective estimation of developing teeth. The panoramic radiograph of 254 males and 254 females ranging from 6 to 14 years of age were studied. The structures measured were crown height, apex width and root length. The data weree statistically investigated with SPSS/PC + package. The results were as follows : 1. With the aid of a multiple regression model, a linear relationship between some of these distances and age was shown. 2. In th total material(6-14yr) and four-yr. intervals, linear equations are as follow : Boys : 6-14 age = 683 + 145.6 44RL + 126.6.45RL + 71.1 46DRL - 161.3 46DAW 6-10 age = 1202 + 72.6 46DRL + 100.2 44RL + 75.1 45RL 8-12 age = 3818 + 75.9 45RL - 190.9 44AW 10-14 age = 4151 + 58.6 45RL - 84.0 45AW - 130.6 44AW Girls : 6-14 age = 1587 + 104.9 45RL + 113.4 44RL - 233.1 46DAW + 81.4 47DRL - 255.9 46MAW 6-10 age = 1821 + 55.8 46DRL + 67.2 45RL - 184.2 46MAW + 56.3 44RL 8-12 age = 2435 + 68.2 45RLL + 71.3 44RL 10-14 age = 3485 + 49.9 47DRL - 51.3 45AW - 179.9 47DAW + 33.4 45RL + 39.4 44RL (DRL, length of distal root in molars. RL, root length in premolars. DAW, width of distal apex in molars. MAW, width of mesial apex in molars. AW, width of apex n molars)

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.59-63
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• 2013

In this paper, the impact of the copper densities of substrate layers on IC package warpage is studied experimentally and numerically. The substrate strips used in this study contained two metal layers, with the metal densities and patterns of these two layers varied to determine their impacts. Eight legs of substrate strips were prepared. Leg 1 to leg 5 were prepared with a HD (high density) type of strip and leg 6 to leg 8 were prepared with UHD (ultra high density) type of strip. The top copper metal layer was designed to feature meshed patterns and the bottom copper layer was designed to feature circular patterns. In order to consider the process factors, the warpage of the substrate bottom was measured step by step with the following manufacturing process: (a) bare substrate, (b) die attach, (c) applying mold compound (d) and post reflow. Furthermore, after the post reflow step, the substrate strips were diced to obtain unit packages and the warpage of the unit packages was measured to check the warpage trends and differences. The experimental results showed that the warpage trend is related to the copper densities. In addition to the experiments, a Finite Element Modeling (FEM) was used to simulate the warpage. The nonlinear material properties of mold compound, die attach, solder mask, and substrate core were included in the simulation. Through experiment and simulation, some observations were concluded.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2008

Korean embroidery is the long historical industrial arts of real life and has handed down Korean sentiment up to now. Korean traditional embroidered pattern is designed to wish someone's health and luck, who uses the embroidery on the clothes and the goods in real life. Especially, the ten longevity symbols' design is represented as 10 which means perfection in oriental philosophy, the sun, mountain, cloud, water, crane, rock, turtle, pine tree, the elixir of life and deer; these 10 symbols show how ancient Korean believe and wish perpetual youth. However, fiber material used embroidery relic has difficulty in preserving for long period compared to other relic descended from historical events for long time and their preserved state isn't so good owing to have been used directly in the real life. Therefore, it is essentially embossed to preserve the embroidery relic and pattern, and make DB for the data. With preservation of the pictures about the handicraft, it's necessary to preserve embroidery technique and make DB through digital imagination. Through the process, we can apply Korean embroidery image to cul-duct package and digital image related field, and it will be helpful to make the tradition popular. In this study, through the research for the embroidery technique applied pattern on the embroidery relic of ten longevity symbols, we'll establish the cultural identification of Korean embroidery image and then develop a worldwide Korean image.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is verify the effects of management consultant on management performance for technical consulting through 235 small and medium sized enterprises in korea. Management effects has been applied to the industry for the strengthening the competitiveness regardless of the management consultant. however, it has been argued that the applied to the small and medium sized enterprises. The reliance analysis for the measurement material on the questionnaire was verified by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. ability of the management consultant, performance of the management consultant, conditions of the Enterprise were verified through the structural analysis by using SPSS statistic package. The influence evaluation among the groups was evaluated by the structure.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.239-249
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• 1997

The behaviour of alloys in the semi-solid state strongly depends on the imposed stress state and on the morphology of the phase which can vary from dendritic to globular. To optimal net shape forging of semi-solid materials, it is important to investigate for filling phenomena in forging process of arbitrarily shaped dies. To produce a automotive part which has good mechanical property, the filling pattern according to die velocity and solid fraction distribution has to be estimated for arbitrarily shaped dies. Therefore, the estimation of filling characteristic in the forging simulation with arbitrarily shaped dies of semi-solid materials are calculated by finite element method with proposed algorithm. The proposed theoretical model and a various boundary conditions for arbitrarily shaped dies is investigated with the coupling calculation between the liquid phase flow and the solid phase deformation. The simulation process with arbitrarily shaped dies is performed to the isothermal conditions of two dimensional problems. To analysis of forging process by using semi-solid materials, a new stress-strain relationship is described, and forging analysis is performed by viscoelastic model for the solid phase and the Darcy's law for the liquid flow. The calculated results for forging force and filling limitations will be compared to experimental data. The filling simulation of simple products performed with the uniform billet temperature(584$^{\circ}C$) from the induction heating by the commercial package MAGMAsoft. The initial step of computation is the touching of semi-solid material with the end of die gate and the initial concept of proposed system just fit with the capability of MAGMAsoft.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.283-296
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• 2009

This study examined food safety management at preschool establishments in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province, to provide data that can be used for food safety improvements. Field assessments of 60 foodservice establishments were executed from July to October, 2007. Statistical analyses of the data were conducted using the SPSS package program (version 14.0 for windows). The results are summarized as follows: 93.3% of the preschool foodservices were self-operated, and 24.1% of the child care centers and 96.7% of the kindergartens had employed dietitians. According to the averaged food safety evaluation scores the kindergartens (80.73) had a significantly higher score than the child care centers (50.37), and the public centers (85.00) had a significantly higher score than the private centers (54.29). While the average score of facilities that employed dietitian (73.58) was significantly higher than that of facilities that did not employ a dietitian (52.65). In addition, the average score of facilities that served meals in a dining room (80.83) was significantly higher than that of facilities that served meals in a classroom (59.33). The highest scoring food safety items included verifying employee health inspection reports (1.87), utilizing non-municipal water and routinely cleaning and well-maintaining the water storage tank (1.85), and disposing small amounts of leftovers in a vat after serving (1.83). In contrast, the lowest scores were for physical separation of clean areas and unclean areas to prevent cross-contamination (0.52), and physical separation between staff and food material entry areas (0.62). In conclusion, the preschool foodservice evaluated in this study required improvements in food safety management, and many of the child care centers were in need of immediate attention. To improve food safety at these establishments, administrators should implement prerequisite food safety programs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.366-378
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• 2001

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in measurement methods for blood pressure (Direct measurement, HP automatic indirect measurement, and SE 7000 Korean made indirect measurement), and to evaluate the clinical trial of the Korean made automatic indirect blood pressure measurement. Material & Methods: From June, 1999 to February, 2000, fifty five consecutive patients were randomized into hypertension group (n=20), normotension group (n=20), and hypotension group (n= 15). Measuring blood pressure by indirect methods (HP NIBP M 1008B and SE 7000 NIBP Korean made) was done simultaneously in the same arm with arterial line for direct blood pressure measurement (HP M1006A). The procedures were repeated ten times at intervals of 2 minutes. Statistical analysis was Performed using SPSS (version 8.0 for windows) software package. Values were expressed as means and standard deviation and means were compared using t-test. Statistical significance was considered present with a p value less than 0.05. Results: In the hypertension group and noromotension group, the disparity between HP direct measurement and indirect SE 7000 NIBP did not show any differences compared to the disparity between HP direct measurement and indirect HP NIBP. In the hypotension group, the disparity in the diastolic pressure between HP direct measurement and indirect SE 7000 NIBP was significantly different compared to the disparity between HP direct measurement and indirect HP NIBP (p<0.001), however, disparities in systolic pressure did not showed any differences. Conclusion: Direct blood pressure measurement (HP M1006A) can be replaced with indirect blood pressure measurements (HP NIBP M 1008B & SE 7000 NIBP) in normotension and hypertension patients. Korean made indirect measurement was found to be more accurate compared to HP indirect measurement in hypotension Patients, but more study is needed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.152-159
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• 2014

Urea solution as a reductant of SCR has been widely used to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engine. But it has lots of problems which are freezing at low temperature due to liquid state, deposition of solid formation in the exhaust, dosing device, and complex package such as mixers for uniform concentration of ammonia. In order to overcome these obstacle, ammonium carbonate which is one of solid ammonium materials to produce ammonia gas directly by sublimation process is considered. Simple reactor with visible widow was designed to predict equilibrium temperature and pressure of ammonium carbonate. To simulate real operation conditions under automobile environment, several cycles of heating and cooling condition were settled, two different re-solidification materials were extracted from the reactor and visible window. Analytical study is performed to characterize these unknown materials by XRD(X-Ray Diffraction), FT-IR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and EA(Elemental Analyzer). From analytical results, re-solidification materials from heating and cooling cycles are very similar to original material of ammonium carbonate.