• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the change in pain threshold of levator scapular muscle, carniovertebral angle, and head position angle when applying a head-weight device on healthy adult. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted with 21 healthy adult male and female who voluntarily agreed to participate in this study after being informed of the purpose and method of this study. After measuring the cervical angle and pain threshold of levator scapular muscle, subject was instructed to walk for 5 minutes on a treadmill at a speed of less than 5 km/h while wearing after wearing head-weight device of 0.5 kg. Then, cervical spine angle and pain threshold of levator scapula muscle were re-measured. Measurement of cervical spine angle was conducted with photo by using the Bluebeam Revu software and the pain pressure thresholds (PPTs) were measured using an electronic algometer over potential trigger points on the body. Results: The results cervical angle showed a significant change, from $49.62^{\circ}$ to $52.10^{\circ}$ (p<0.05). PPT showed a significant change, from 30.71 to 36.89 (p<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that applying head-weight device has a positive influence on increasing cervical angle and reducing pain when applied as a therapeutic intervention method of forward head posture.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.713-719
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• 2008

Various types of coatings have been developed for use as reinforcement in concrete and to resist chloride environment. The most commonly used coatings are inhibited and sealed cement slurry coating, cement polymer compositing coating and epoxy coating. Cement slurry offers passive protection, epoxy coating offers barrier protection whereas polymer coating offers both passive protection and barrier protection. Moreover, damage during handling of the steel may result in disbondment of the epoxy coating, which would increase the risk of localized corrosion. In the present study, inhibiting technique was used to increase the calcium hydroxide content at the interface up to 20%. Calcium hydroxide provides a high buffering capacity that resists a local fall in pH and thus maintains the alkaline environment necessary to prevent chloride corrosion. This study examines the use of a calcium hydroxide coating on the steel surface to enhance the pH buffering capacity of steel-concrete interface. Finally, the chloride threshold level (CTL) of polymer inhibitive coating calcium hydroxide is evaluated.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.37.3-37.3
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• 2017

We present a novel GPU accelerated search algorithm for broadband extended gravitational-wave emission (BEGE) with better than real-time analyis of H1-L1 LIGO S6 data. It performs matched filtering with over 8 million one-second duration chirps. Parseval's Theorem is used to predict the standard deviation ${\sigma}$ of filter output, taking advantage of near-Gaussian LIGO (H1,L1)-data in the high frequency range of 350-2000 Hz. A multiple of ${\sigma}$ serves as a threshold to filter output back to the central processing unit. This algorithm attains 80% efficiency, normalized to the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). We apply it to a blind, all-sky search for BEGE in LIGO data, such as may be produced by long gamma-ray bursts and superluminous supernovae. We report on mysterious features, that are excluded by exact simultaneous occurrance. Our results are consistent with no events within a radius of about 20 Mpc.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.255-259
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• 2016

We estimate the fractal dimension of the ${\rho}$ Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud Complex, associated with star forming regions. We selected a cube (${\upsilon}$, l, b) database, obtained with J = 1-0 transition lines of $^{12}CO$ and $^{13}CO$ at a resolution of 22" using a multibeam receiver system on the 14-m telescope of the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory. Using a code developed within IRAF, we identified slice-clouds with two threshold temperatures to estimate the fractal dimension. With threshold temperatures of 2.25 K ($3{\sigma}$) and 3.75 K ($5{\sigma}$), the fractal dimension of the target cloud is estimated to be D = 1.52-1.54, where $P{\propto}A^{D/2}$, which is larger than previous results. We suggest that the sampling rate (spatial resolution) of observed data must be an important parameter when estimating the fractal dimension, and that narrower or wider dispersion around an arbitrary fit line and the intercepts at NP = 100 should be checked whether they relate to firms noise level or characteristic structure of the target cloud. This issue could be investigated by analysing several high resolution databases with different quality (low or moderate sensitivity).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.179-182
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• 2007

Polycrystaline (poly) 3C-SiC thin film on n-type and p-type Si were deposited by APCVD using HMDS, $H_2$, and Ar gas at $1180^{\circ}C$ for 3 hour. And then the schottky diode with Au/poly 3C-Sic/Si(n-type) structure was fabricated. Its threshold voltage ($V_d$), breakdown voltage, thickness of depletion layer, and doping concentration ($N_D$) value were measured as 0.84 V, over 140 V, 61nm, and $2.7{\times}10^{19}\;cm^3$, respectively. The p-n junction diode fabricated by poly 3C-SiC was obtained like characteristics of single 3C-SiC p-n junction diode. Therefore, its poly 3C-SiC thin films are suitable MEMS applications in conjuction with Si fabrication technology.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1254-1257
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• 2004

Comparative study on the effects of $H_2$ vs. $O_2$ plasma pretreatment of gate oxide on the degradation phenomenon of p-channel low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) thin-film transistors (TFTs) were performed. After high drain current stress (HDCS) with $V_{gs}$ = $V_{ds}$, the p-channel TFTs pretreated by $O_2$ plasma showed increased immunity to the degradation of device characteristics such as threshold voltage and maximum field effect mobility because of the higher binding energy of Si-O bond than that of Si-H bond. The investigation of degradation phenomenon of these parameters with the applied power suggests that self-heating can be the major cause of degradation of polysilicon TFTs.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1993.09a
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• pp.113-118
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• 1993

The lowering effect of cholesterol in Sprague Dawley rats was investigated with panaxydol which was purified from the petroleum ether soluble fraction(PESF) of Korean red ginseng. The level of total cholesterol(TC), Triglyceride(TG) and low density lipoprotein(LOL)-cholesterol in serum was reduced by $48\%,\;47\%\;and\;41\%,$ respectively while high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol was in creased up to $29\%$ as compared with their control values when the panaxydol(20 umoles. 5 mq/kq/day) was adminstered by intraperitoneal rout for 3 consecutive days along with a $1\%$ cholesterol diet. The hepatic ester cholesterol content which was increased in proportion to the cholesterol content of the diet in the control, clearly decreased with panaxydol administration to about $40\%$ regardless of the two diet cholesterol content. $1\%\;or\;2\%.$ A threshold of supression on the serum lipid levels in both administration routes was observed: the maximium suppression in i.p. and p.o. administration was observed to be at 5mq/kq b.w. and in the range of 50 - 100 mg/kg b.w., respectively. Panaxydol may reduce serum lipid and cholesterol levels by inhibiting cholesterol absorption and/or by modulating the cholesterol metabolism. at least in part.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 1984

In order to provide basic data for food processors and to improve eating habits and healthy diets, four primary tastes and hot taste threshold of Koreans, physio-chemical properties of foods and food preference were investigated. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The recognition threshold concentration of four primary tastes was 0.016 % of salt, 0.245${\sim}$0.249 % of sweet, 0.004${\sim}$0.008 % of sour and 0.008${\sim}$0.012 % of bitter. Threshold concentration of hot taste was 170,000${\sim}$600,000 Scoville Heat Unit(S.H.U.) 2. The most acceptable tastes were 0.3 % saltiness in 0.375 % broth(at $60^{\circ}C$), 6 % sweetness in 2 % instant coffee(at $60^{\circ}C$) and 19.3 sugar-acid ratio(16.8 brix/0.8736 % citric acid) in 100 % valencia orange juice(at $20^{\circ}C$). 3. The salt concentrations of soup were 1.127 % in average. S. H. U. (scale of hot taste) of soybean sprout soup and spinach bean paste soup ranged between 12,500 and 47,500 equivalent to oleoresin capsicum content of 1.990${\sim}$5.911 (mg %). 4. 'Jigae' (Korean style stew) was the most favorable food and it was revealed that the father influences the formation of his children's eating habits.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.4 s.96
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• pp.319-326
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• 2001

The biological and physicochemical factors and geosmin concentration were monitored in the Daechung Reservoir for 25 weeks from April to October in 1999. Geosmin was detected 5 times within a range of $1.16{\sim}5.28\;ng\;L^{-1}$, mostly in the late summer. The highest geosmin concentration was recorded on August 31, which also overlapped with the peaks of phycocyanin concentration, cyanobacterial density, and Anabaena spiroides density. A correlation analysis indicated that geosmin production was closely related with a high water temperature, pH, total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and A. spiroides density. A water temperature of $27^{\circ}^C$, pH of 8.5, and TDP of $0.06\;mg\;L^{-1}$ were identified as the prerequisite environmental condition sand threshold values for geosmin production. Accordingly, under such conditions, an A. spiroides density above $10,000\;cells\;mL^{-1}$ indicates imminent geosmin occurrence.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.57-61
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of direction (pitch and roll) on the perception of support surface rotation while standing. Thirty young healthy subjects participated in this study. Support surface was rotated at an unexpected instant in a very slow speed (0.2 deg/s). The direction of support surface rotation was randomly chosen among pitch (forward and backward) and roll (right and left) directions. The experiment was performed with eyes open and closed. Perception performance was evaluated by the perception threshold, defined as the rotation angle of the surface at the instant when a subject recognized that the support surface was moving. Results showed that the perception threshold was smaller for roll directions than pitch directions irrespective of vision and gender (p < 0.01). This indicates that the perception of support surface rotation is more sensitive in roll direction than in pitch direction. Among three sensory functions related to postural perception, the effect of vestibular and visual functions on the direction difference of the perception should be little because of the very slow surface rotation and independence on visual conditions. Therefore, the direction dependence of perception would have been affected mainly by the somatosensory function.