• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.498-506
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• 2016

A croquette added with heat-treated kimchi at 20% showing higher sensory preferences was analyzed for its physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity using a croquette without kimchi as a control. Compared with the control, kimchi-added croquette had 3.3-fold higher organic acids content (p<0.001), resulting in a significant reduction of pH (p<0.001) and higher metal chelating activity (p<0.001). Upon addition of kimchi, total reducing capacity increased from 109.4 to $139.4{\mu}g/g$ gallic acid equivalents (p<0.01), and DPPH radical scavenging activity also increased 2-fold, which corresponded to 54% of the electron-donating ability of 0.35 mM gallic acid. In addition, contents of free amino acids and ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) appreciably increased by 1.6-fold (p<0.01) and 10-fold (p<0.001), respectively. This could be attributed to the ingredients of kimchi and/or enzymatic transformation of precursors by microorganisms during kimchi fermentation. Kimchi-added croquette was determined to be a good source of dietary fiber relative to its calorie content. Texture profile analysis showed no significant differences in hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness between the two croquettes with or without kimchi. Taken together, this study shows that utilization of heat-treated kimchi as a filling for croquette could be a good strategy to improve both the nutritional quality and antioxidant activity of croquette.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1514-1518
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• 2006

English crossbred steers (n = 32) and heifers (n = 32) were fed a corn-based finishing diet and supplemented with 2% Ascophyllum nodosum on a DM basis to for various feeding stages of the 119 d feeding period determine the supplementation strategy that maximized intramuscular fat deposition as determined by quality grade. All cattle were implanted with Ralgro$^{(R)}$ on d 36 of the trial and re-implanted with Revalor-S$^{(R)}$ or Revalor-H$^{(R)}$ on d 92. Cattle were blocked by sex and divided into one control and three treatment groups receiving Ascophyllum nodosum. Treatment 1 (trt 1) received Ascophyllum nodosum from d 36 to 50 of the feeding period, trt 2 received Ascophyllum nodosum for the last 14 d of the feeding period, and trt 3 which received Ascophyllum nodosum for both d 36-50 and the last 14 d of the feeding period. Cattle were weighted initially ($385{\pm}4.53kg$) and every 28 d following until they reach an average BW of $554{\pm}7.46kg$. No effect for Ascophyllum nodosum supplementation was found on measured performance characteristics. All treatment groups supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum had higher actual marbling scores (p<0.05) than controls. Trt 1 was found to have a highest marbling score (572.5; p<0.05), whereas the control group having the lowest marbling score (473.8). Trt 1 had a higher quality grade (5.25; p<0.05) than the control (3.94) group, but did not differ from trt 2 (4.56; p = 0.105) and trt 3 (4.75; p = 0.236) where high Select = 4, and low Choice = 5. Trt 2 did not differ from trt 3 (p = 0.655), or the control group (p = 0.140) for quality grade. However, trt 3 did tend to differ (p = 0.057) from the control group for quality grade. Control group animals graded 25% Choice, 62.5% Select; trt 1 graded 75% Choice, 18.8% Select; trt 2 graded 62.5% Choice, 25% Select and trt 3 graded 56.3% Choice and 31.2% Select. Overall, treatment groups had a 39.6% increase in Choice quality grade and a 37.5% decrease in Select quality grade when compared to the control animals.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of oral vitamin C supplements on blood sugar and serum lipid level(total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein) in non-insulin independent diabetes mellitus. The study design was a non equivalent control group pre-test post-test design. Data for the study were collected from June 24 to August 31, 2001. The ninty-five research subject were assigned to experimental group(51) and control group(44). Vitamin C(3g/day) was given to 51 subjects for 4 weeks. Following a 12h overnight fasting, blood sample was obstaind at baseline and at the end of 4week - supplementation. Blood samples were taken for plasma vitamin C concentration, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c and serum lipid level. The pre-equivalent test was used by Chi-squre, t-test and two group's pre and post experimental differences were analyzed by t-tset to compare with each other. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The difference between the two groups in plasma vitamin C concentration was significant(t=-12.950, p=.000). 2. The difference between the two groups in fasting blood sugar was significant(t=5.293, p=.000). 3. The difference between the two groups in HbA1c was not significant(t=1.758, p=.082). 4. The difference between the two groups in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL was significant(t=3.786, p=.000 ; t=-5.515, p=.000 ; t= 4.169, p = .000). These results suggest that megadose vitamin C supplementation be effective in lowering fasting blood sugar, serum lipids and increasing plasma vitamin C. Thus dietary measures to increase plasma vitamin C may be on important health strategy for reducing the compliance of diabetic patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4649-4655
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flowing the industrial wastewater effluents into the K lake which is located in the A city on the eutrophication. The lake was modelled as a continuous stirred-tank reactor. Phosphorus and Chl-a concentration in the lake were calculated to $0.29\;/m^3$과 $4.0\;g/m^3$ at steady state, respectively. Those simulated concentrations were very close to the monitored mean concentration of the lake, indicating that the simulation could be used a tool for characterizing the lake. The non-steady state concentrations of the phosphorus and Chl-a were proposed as a function of time as well. Phosphorus loading ($L_p$) and depth to retention time ratio ($H/{\tau}w$) was calculated in order to analyze the current state of eutrophication. We proposed a strategy to change the lake from eutrophic to permissible oligotrophic state using a graph consisting of two variables, $L_p$ and $H/{\tau}w$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.474-478
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• 2008

UDP-glucose regeneration system using metabolic engineeringis unique and efficient strategy for oligosaccharide synthesis. To exploit the efficient UDP-glucose regeneration system, we introduced four enzymes, which would be important in partitioning the flux of UDP regenerationsuch as UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, UDP-Kinase gene, UDP-galactose 4-epimerase, and $\beta$-1, 4-galactasyltrasnsferase, into E. coli AD202. To determine the optimal expression level for UDP-regeneration, LacNAc concentration was compared depending on IPTG concentration. 0.5 mM IPTG induction showed the higher oligosaccharides synthesis. Using metabolic engineering under optimal IPTG induction, LacNAc synthesis of AD202/pQNGLU increased until 16 h and showed the 1.34 mM. This concentration is 10 times higher than that of control strain at same reaction time. Lactose of AD202/pQNGLU showed the maximum synthesis of 0.39 mM at 16 h and showed the 2.6 times higher than that of control strain.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a short-term/extreme temperature abuse (STA) on color characteristics and oxidative stability of aged beef muscles during simulated retail display. Two beef muscles (longissimus lumborum, LL and semitendinosus, ST) were aged for 7 (A7), 14 (A14), 21 (A21), and 28 d (A28), and further displayed at 2℃ for 7 d. The STA was induced by placing steak samples at 20℃ for 1 h on the 4th d of display. Instrumental and visual color evaluations, ferric ion reducing capacity (FRC) and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay were performed. Initially, redness, yellowness and hue angle of all beef muscles were similar, regardless of aging time before display (p>0.05). An increase in postmortem aging time increased lipid oxidation and caused a rapid discoloration after STA during display (p<0.05). ST muscle was more sharply discolored and oxidized after STA, when compared to LL muscle (p<0.05). The FRC value of beef muscles was decreased after 7 d of display (p<0.05). The results from the current study indicate adverse impacts of postmortem aging on color and oxidative stabilities of beef muscles, particularly under temperature abusing conditions during retail display. Thus, developing a specific post-harvest strategy to control quality attributes in retail levels for different muscle types and aging conditions would be required.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.369-380
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• 2013

Direct torque control based on space vector modulation (SVM-DTC) protects the DTC transient merits. Furthermore, it creates better quality steady-state performance in a wide speed range. The modified method of DTC using SVM improves the electrical magnitudes of asynchronous machines, such as minimizing the stator current distortions, the stator flux with electromagnetic torque without ripple, the fast response of the rotor speed, and the constant switching frequency. In this paper, the proposed method is based on two new control strategies for direct torque control with space vector modulation. First, fuzzy logic control is used instead of the PI torque and a PI flux controller to minimizing the torque error and to achieve a constant switching frequency. The voltages in the direct and quadratic reference frame ($V_d$, $V_q$) are achieved by fuzzy logic control. In this scheme, the switching capability of the inverter is fully utilized, which improves the system performance. Second, the close loop of stator flux estimation based on the voltage model and a low pass filter is used to counteract the drawbacks in the open loop of the stator flux such as the problems saturation and dc drift. The response of this new control strategy is compared with DTC-SVM. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control topology outperforms the conventional DTC-SVM in terms of system robustness and eliminating the bad outcome of dc-offset.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.706-716
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• 2014

A new strategy of co-inoculating Bacillus subtilis MA139 with Streptococcus thermophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to produce fermented soybean meal (FSBM). Three experiments were conducted to determine the concentration of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) (Exp. 1), apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) (Exp. 2), and feeding value (Exp. 3) of FSBM produced by this new strategy (NFSB) compared with soybean meal (SBM) and conventionally available FSBM (Suprotein). In Exp. 1, twenty-four barrows (initial body weight [BW] of $32.2{\pm}1.7kg$) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 diets with 6 replicates per diet. A corn basal diet and 3 diets based on a mixture of corn and 1 of 3 soybean products listed above were formulated and the DE and ME contents were determined by the difference method. The results showed that there were no differences in DE and ME between SBM and either FSBM product (p>0.05). In Exp. 2, eight barrows (initial BW of $26.8{\pm}1.5kg$) were fitted with ileal T-cannulaes and used in a replicated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Three corn-starch-based diets were formulated using each of the 3 soybean products as the sole source of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to measure endogenous losses of AA. The results showed that the SID of all AA except arginine and histidine was similar for NFSB and SBM (p>0.05), but Suprotein had greater (p<0.05) SID of most AA except lysine, aspartate, glycine and proline than NFSB. In Exp. 3, a total of 144 piglets (initial BW of $8.8{\pm}1.2$ kg) were blocked by weight and fed 1 of 4 diets including a control diet with 24% SBM as well as diets containing 6% and 12% NFSB or 12% Suprotein added at the expense of SBM. During d 15 to 28, replacing SBM with 6% NFSB significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05) for nursery piglets. During the overall experiment, ADG of piglets fed diets containing 6% NFSB was significantly greater (p<0.05) than that of piglets fed SBM. In conclusion, fermentation with the new strategy did not affect the energy content or the AID and the SID of AA in SBM. However, inclusion of 6% NFSB in diets fed to nursery piglets improved performance after weaning likely as a result of better nutritional status and reduced immunological challenge.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1072-1077
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• 2010

Plant diseases including gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea are often reduced when calcium compounds are used as alternative materials in paprika. However, much less information is available about the effects of calcium compounds on controlling of $B.$ $cinerea$. Seven calcium compounds such as calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydride were evaluated for their effectiveness against $B.$ $cinerea$ on potato dextrose agar medium. The pH of selected calcium compounds was higher (pH 8.2-10) than that of the control (pH 6.6). Calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydride, and calcium hydroxide among seven calcium compounds were more effectively inhibited the growth of $B.$ $cinerea$ than other calcium compounds. In the case of spraying the spore suspension on paprika applied with the selected four calcium compounds and supplied with the selected calcium supplements in a hydroponic culture system, the paprika treated with calcium compounds showed less severity of disease than those untreated plants. On the basis of our results, we propose that the suppressive effects of calcium compounds on $B.$ $cinerea$ in paprika resulted from the supply of calcium and a certain degree of salt stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.75.2-75
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• 2003

To develop an effective protection strategy against tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), tobacco plants expressing single-chain Fv antibodies (scFv), were established. A previous had shown that the replication activity of viral replicase was inhibited by the selected scFvs. Moreover, no systemic symptom was found after virus inoculation on leaves of wt N. benthamiana infiltrated with an Agrobacterium suspension resulting i3l expression of the scFvs. However, control plants showed systemic symptoms. In this study the localization of the scFvs within two transgenic plant lines, (CP28H3, CP-P55) was demonstrated using immunogold labelling. The gold particles, indicating the presence of scFv, were mostly found In the cytoplasm of the plant cells including chloroplasts and in the cell walls. However, they were hardly found in the vacuole, nucleoplasm and intercellular spaces. Gold particles often accumulated in either the cytosol or chloroplasts showing a specific labeling, There was no difference in type of gold labeling between both transgenic lines. The localization of the scFv in the cytoplasm further conforms the inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) by the selected scFv because it is known that the RdRp is localized to membraneous cytosolic structures.