• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.140-146
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• 2015

Purpose: To determine the effects of 630 nm light emitting diode (LED) on full-thickness wound healing. Methods: Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into LED (n=6) and control group (n=6). Two $19.63mm^2$ wounds were created on the mid dorsum. LED group received a 630 nm LED irradiation with $3.67mW/cm^2$ for 30 minutes ($6.60J/cm^2$) for 7 days, while control group received sham LED irradiation. Epithelial gap, collagen density, ${\alpha}$-SMA fibroblast and PCNA keratinocyte were measured on histochemical and immunohistochemical staining using image analysis system. An independent t-test was conducted to compare the difference between groups. Results: The wound closure rate, collagen density, ${\alpha}$-SMA fibroblast number, epithelial gap and PCNA keratinocyte number have shown no significant difference between LED and control group at day 3 after the treatment. At day 7 after the treatment, the wound closure rate in LED group was increased when compared with control group (p<0.05). The collagen density (p<0.05) and ${\alpha}$-SMA immunoreactive fibroblast number (p<0.001) were increased when compared with control group at day 7. The epithelial gap in LED group was significantly shorten than control group at day 7 (p<0.01). The PCNA positive cell number in LED group was higher than control group at day 7 (p<0.01). Conclusion: 630 nm LED with $3.67mW/cm^2$, $6.60J/cm^2$ accelerate collagen deposition by stimulating fibroblasts, and enhance wound contraction by differentiating myofibroblasts in the dermis, and accelerate keratinocyte proliferation by facilitating DNA synthesis in the epidermis. It may promote the healing process in proliferation stage of wound healing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6199-6203
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• 2014

Background: The expression of MMP genes has been demonstrated to be associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and survival rate for a variety of cancers. The functional promoter polymorphism MMP-2 C-735T is associated with decreased expression of the MMP-2 gene. The aim of present study was to detect any association between MMP-2 C-735T and susceptibility to breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The MMP-2 C-735T polymorphism was studied in 233 women (98 with breast cancer and 135 healthy controls). All studied women were from Kermanshah and Ilam provinces of Western Iran. The MMP-2 C-735T polymorphism was detected using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: The frequencies of MMP-2 CC, CT and TT genotypes in healthy individuals were 59.3, 38.5 and 2.2%, respectively. However, in breast cancer patients, only CC (71.4%) and CT (28.6%) genotypes were observed (p=0.077). In patients the frequency of the MMP-2 C allele was significantly higher (85.7%) compared to that in controls (78.5 %, p=0.048). The presence of C allele of MMP-2 increased the risk of breast cancer by 1.64-fold [OR=1.64 (95%CI 1.01-2.7, p=0.049)]. The frequency of MMP-2 C allele was also higher in patients ${\leq}40$ years (88.9%) than those aged ${\geq}41$ years (67.5%, p=0.07). In addition, the frequency of MMP-2 C allele tended to be higher in patients with a family history of cancer in first-degree relatives (76.6%) compared to that without a family history of cancer (67.3%, p=0.31). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the C allele of MMP-2 C-735T polymorphism is associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Also, the MMP-2 C allele might increase the risk of young onset breast cancer in our population.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.218-225
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• 2016

Purpose: The recent increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases is hypothetically attributed to immune dysregulation in turn caused by a reduction in exposure to sunlight. We explored relationships between birth season, sunlight exposure, exercise duration, and an allergic disease. Methods: We performed a questionnaire-based survey on allergic diseases among elementary school students. Birth time was categorized according to the season (summer and winter). Results: The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) "symptoms ever" was higher in the children born in winter than in those born in summer (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.49; P=0.024). Birth in winter was associated with an increase in the "symptoms in the past 12 months" prevalence of food allergy (FA) (aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.09-2.24; P=0.015). The lifetime prevalence of allergic diseases except FA was higher in the children whose parents considered their sunlight exposure prior to 24 months of ageas inadequate than those who considered their exposure as adequate ("diagnosis ever" asthma: aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.17-1.67; P<0.001; allergic rhinitis [AR]: aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.17-1.67; P<0.001; AD: aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06-1.51; P=0.01). Neither recent sunlight exposure nor exercise duration was associated with the prevalence of an allergic disease. Conclusion: Birth in winter may be associated with development of AD and FA. Inadequate sunlight exposure before the age of 24 months might possibly increase the risks of development of asthma, AR, and AD.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.506-514
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of marinade under different conditions (temperature and vacuum) on pork ham cooked by the sous-vide method ($61^{\circ}C$ and 98.81% vacuum for 45 min). Control group was non-marinade pork ham. The samples were marinated under 1 of 4 conditions: $4^{\circ}C$, 98.81% vacuum (treatment group $T_1$); $4^{\circ}C$, atmospheric pressure ($T_2$); $20^{\circ}C$, 98.81% vacuum ($T_3$); and $20^{\circ}C$, atmospheric pressure ($T_4$). The pH value was higher in the control (6.02) than in the treatment groups (4.30-4.42, p<0.001). Shear force was the lowest in the control: 18.14 N. Lightness and redness values were higher in the control (p<0.001). The chroma value significantly decreased from 12.74 to 7.55 with marinade (p<0.001). Total viable and coliform counts of raw meat were 84.6 and 3.67 Log CFU/g, respectively. After the marinade, the total viable count decreased to 3.00-14.67 Log CFU/g (p<0.001). Coliforms were not detected. After sous-vide cooking, no viable microorganisms were detected in any group. Treatment groups generally showed high scores on consumer preference. The marinade and sous-vide cooking had a positive effect on sensory characteristics. They provided safe conditions for sanitary evaluation. As a result, it appears that marinade at refrigeration temperature is better than that at room temperature.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 1994

A bacterial strain No. KY-126, which produced extracellular cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase(CGTase), was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus stearothermophilus KY-126. The enzyme was purified by the treatments of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAF-Sephadex, Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were pH 5.5 and $65^{\circ}C$, respectively. And the enzyme was stable at pH values from 6.0 to 11.0 at $55^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and stable up to $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.. The enzyme was inhibited by $HgCl_{2}$. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 67,000 by using SDS-PAGE. The maximum conversion from starch to cyclodextrin (CD) by CGTase was 43% and obtained at 6 hr reaction and the ratio of ${\alpha}-,\;{\beta}-,\;{\gamma}-$, CD production at this time was 2.9 : 2.1 : 1.0.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.794-798
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• 2003

Batch production of (S)-phenyl oxirane was investigated using epoxide hydrolase activity of Rhodosporidium toruloides SJ-4. Effect of reaction condition of asymmetric biohydrolysis of racemic phenyl oxirane was analyzed and optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal conditions of pH, temperature and DMSO cosolvent ratio were 7.4, $34^P\circ}C$, and 2.3%(v/v), respectively. The final yield was enhanced up to 67%, and reaction times required to reach 99% ee (enatiomeric excess) decreased down to 50% by response surface methodology Enantiopure (S)-phenyl oxirane with 100% enantiopurity and 24% yield (theoretical yield = 50%) was obtained from racemic substrate.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2021

Purpose: The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to investigate how the psychological constructs of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) affect the individual intention of behaviors in adults. Social support is also important in enabling the stability of healthy eating. This study examined the relationship between three major constructs of TPB as well as social support and the intention of healthy dietary behaviors in adults residing in Beijing, China using the extended TPB. Methods: The study questionnaire was based on previously validated items and an online survey was conducted from October to November 2020. Using a total of 244 Chinese adults in Beijing, multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the relationships between three major constructs of TPB as well as the social support and intention of healthy eating. Results: Among the three major constructs of TPB, subjective norms (p = 0.044) and PBC (p = 0.000) were significantly related to the behavioral intention of healthy eating (p = 0.000), and the model explained 76.6% of the variance of the behavioral intention from the three constructs of TPB included in the multiple linear regression model. The additional inclusion of social support to the model did not increase the explanatory power of the model to describe the behavioral intention of healthy eating. The subjective norms (p = 0.040) and PBC (p = 0.000) were still significant where social support did not explain the variance of the behavioral intention adequately. Conclusion: The subjective norms and PBC may be potential determinants of the behavioral intention of healthy eating in adults residing in Beijing, China. These study results can be used to promote healthy eating in Chinese adults living in urban areas. Large-scale intervention studies will be needed to determine if social norms and PBC predict the actual behaviors of healthy eating in Chinese adults.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Lebed method exercise (LME) on nurses' depression, anxiety and stress. The LME is a therapeutic exercise and movement program developed by Sherry Lebed Davis and expected to lessen the stress level of nurses and enhance the nursing job's satisfaction and efficiency. This study was utilized a non equivalent control group pre-post test design. Method: The subjects were 36 nurses in total; 18 in experimental group and 18 in control group. The data were collected from March to August, 2008. For the experimental group, 8 hour-long lectures on stress management and LME were given for 12 weeks. For the control group, only lectures on stress management was given. Depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and heart rate variability were measured on the subjects in both groups as pre- and post tests. The data were analyzed by Kolmogrov-Smirov test and P-P plot, t-test and $x^2-test$ using the SPSS program. Results: As proposed in the hypothesis, the subjects in the experimental group experienced less depression (t=2.286, p=.029), less anxiety (t=3.319, p=.002) and less perceived stress(t=2.862, p=.007) than those in the control group. Conclusion: The LME is considered an effective exercise to improve depression, anxiety, and to lessen stress for the nurses. The LME program has potential to be one of the effective stress management interventions for nurses in the future.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.431-441
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• 2024

Objective : Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is an effective and noninvasive treatment for high-risk arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Since differences in GKRS outcomes by nidus type are unknown, this study evaluated GKRS feasibility and safety in patients with brain AVMs. Methods : This single-center retrospective study included patients with AVM who underwent GKRS between 2008 and 2021. Patients were divided into compact- and diffuse-type groups according to nidus characteristics. We excluded patients who performed GKRS and did not follow-up evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging or digital subtraction angiography within 36 months from the study. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to characterize associations of nidus type with obliteration rate and GKRS-related complications. Results : We enrolled 154 patients (mean age, 32.14±17.17 years; mean post-GKRS follow-up, 52.10±33.67 months) of whom 131 (85.1%) had compact- and 23 (14.9%) diffuse-type nidus AVMs. Of all AVMs, 89 (57.8%) were unruptured, and 65 (42.2%) had ruptured. The mean Spetzler-Martin AVM grades were 2.03±0.95 and 3.39±1.23 for the compact- and diffuse-type groups, respectively (p<0.001). During the follow-up period, AVM-related hemorrhages occurred in four individuals (2.6%), three of whom had compact nidi. Substantial radiation-induced changes and cyst formation were observed in 21 (13.6%) and one patient (0.6%), respectively. The AVM complete obliteration rate was 46.1% across both groups. Post-GKRS complication and complete obliteration rates were not significantly different between nidus types. For diffuse-type nidus AVMs, larger AVM size and volume (p<0.001), lower radiation dose (p<0.001), eloquent area location (p=0.015), and higher Spetzler-Martin grade (p<0.001) were observed. Conclusion : GKRS is a safe and feasible treatment for brain AVMs characterized by both diffuse- and compact-type nidi.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.797-802
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• 2011

I assessed the B($a$)P content from the Ginseng extract, Red ginseng extract, and Ssangwha extract which have high viscosities. It wasn't easy to extract oil from these samples, consequently measuring of B($a$)P was difficult. In order to know the exact detecting contents, I injected standard material of B($a$)P to the above extractions and pre-treated for measurement but it was also difficult to measure of contents exactly. To improve of detecting method, I removed mucinous materials using a 85% phosphoric acid solution or 10% citric acid solution and then processed continuously with $60^{\circ}C$ hot water. The analysis revealed that extracting the samples contained B($a$)P determined the rate of each 70%, 55%, 67% could increase. As a result the detecting method of B($a$)P contents could be improved.