• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2009

본 시험은 여러 종류(호밀, RS; 볏짚, RSS; 소맥, WS; 트리티케일, TS; 귀리, OS; 청보리, BS)의 사일리지를 대상으로 단백질을 분획(fractionation)하고, in vitro 방법으로 buffer 추출 전과 추출 후의 사일리지를 배양하였을 때 반추위 미생물에 의한 발효성상, 가스발생량 및 분해율을 조사하고자 실시되었다. 사일리지의 가용성 물질은 boratephosphate 용액으로 추출하였으며, 반추위액과 인공 타액이 동일한 비율로 구성된 배양액을 혐기적인 조건에서 48시간동안 배양($39^{\circ}C$)하면서 발효 성상과 nylon bag을 이용한 사일리지의 in vitro 분해율을 조사하였다. 사일리지의 soluble protein (SP) 함량은 RSS에서 총 CP 함량 중 2.11%로 가장 낮았으며, RS와 BS 및 OS에서는 7% 이상의 높은 함량을 보였다. 또한 A fraction (NPN)은 RS에서 총 CP의 74.33%로 가장 높았으나 TS 및 RSS의 NPN 함량은 48% 정도로 비교적 낮았다. Buffer 불용성 단백질(IP) 중 B2 fraction은 RS, RSS 및 WS에서 총 CP의 7% 이상으로 비교적 높았던 반면 TS (1.45%)와 BS (2.13%)에서 매우 낮았다. 이와는 달리 $B_3$ fraction은 WS (4%)를 제외하고는 다른 사일리지에서 5.99~15.20%의 함량을 보였다. 체내 이용성이 매우 낮은 C fraction은 볏짚 사일리지(RSS)에서 27.07%로 다른 종류의 사일리지(1.40~9.93%)에 비하여 현저히 높은 수준이었다. 배양 12시간 까지는 추출 전에 비하여 추출 후의 사일리지 배양액에서 pH가 높았으나 (P<0.01~P<0.001) 48시간에는 오히려 추출 전의 사일리지 배양액의 pH가 낮았다(P<0.01). 배양액의 ammonia-N는 모든 사일리지에서 추출 전의 농도가 추출 후의 농도에 비하여 현저히(P<0.01~P<0.001) 높았으나 사일리지 종류에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 모든 사일리지에서 추출 후에 비하여 추출 전의 VFA 농도가 현저히 증가되었다(P<0.01~P<0.001). Acetate의 조성 비율은 buffer 추출 전에 비하여 배양 24시간까지 추출 후 모든 사일리지에서 높았던 (P<0.01~P<0.001) 반면 propionate와 butyrate 비율은 배양 24시간까지 추출 전에 더 높았다(P<0.001). 배양 12시간까지는 buffer 추출 전의 사일리지로부터 더 많은(P<0.01~P<0.001) 양의 gas가 발생되었지만 그 후로(24~48시간)는 오히려 buffer로 추출된 후의 사일리지에서 발생량이 더 많았다(P<0.01). 추출 후에 비하여 추출 전 사일리지의 DM과 CP 분해율이 현저히(P<0.001) 높았으나 NDF 분해율의 경우 오히려 추출 후의 사일리지에서 높았다(P<0.001). 그러나 각 사일리지에 대한 buffer 추출 전 후의 평균치에서는 사일리지 간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 시험의 결과로 미루어 보아 사일리지로 인해 현저히 증가된 NPN 함량이 사일리지의 단백질 이용율을 크게 낮출 것으로 보이며, 단백질을 포함한 buffer 가용성 물질은 사일리지의 초기 발효를 크게 촉진할 수 있는 것으로 여겨진다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2009

Background: Pemetrexed, a multi-targeted antifolate has been used as a second line treatment against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to clarify the efficacy and survival according to line of treatment, histologic type, and expression of thymidylate synthase (TS). Methods: Ninety-eight patients were treated with pemetrexed as a second line treatment (n=43) or as an additional course of treatment (n=55). TS expression was studied with immunohistochemistry and graded as 0 to 3 based on the extent of expression. Results: The response rate (RR) in 98 subjects was 10.2% and the disease control rate (DCR=PR+SD) was 30.6%. RR and DCR were 12.7% and 32.7% in non-squamous cell carcinoma (NSQC) compared to 7.0% and 27.9% in squamous cell carcinoma (SQC) (p>.05). No significant differences in RR and DCR were observed between a second line group (4.7%, 20.9%) and a further line group (14.5%, 38.2%). A similar trend was observed in the 88 response evaluable subjects. TS was expressed in 28.6% (grade 1), 24.5% (grade 2) and 7.1% (grade 3), respectively, and it was not expressed in 39.8% of subjects. TS expression rate was significantly higher in the SQC (72.1%) compared to NSQC (50.9%, p=0.033). However, the efficacy of pemetrexed was not significantly different by the extent of TS expression. Conclusion: Pemetrexed showed efficacy, not only in a second-line setting, but also in further lines of treatment for NSCLC. The efficacy of pemetrexed tended to be higher in patients with NSQC compared to SQC. TS expression rate was significantly higher in SQC compared to NSQC.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2007

The present investigation deals to achieve an accurate determination of the phosphorous present in the wastewater samples using the membrane reactor. The study may enable to quantify the dissolved (DP) and adsorbed phosphorous (AP), also the adsorbed phosphorous categorically identified as inorganic coupled phosphorous (DRP) and organic coupled phosphorous (NRP). Moreover, the study has been conducted separately in anaerobic and aerobic chamber. The results obtained showed that dissolved phosphorous only can occur in anaerobic chamber with ca. 25%. The study conducted for adsorbed phosphorous showed that the DRP has the percent composition in anaerobic and aerobic chamber respectively 33% and 40% i.e., 7% more in aerobic chamber. The similar values obtained for NRP was found to be 42% and 60% i.e., 18% more in aerobic chamber. On the other hand while comparing the results for NRP and DRP, it has to be noted that NRP has 9% and 20% more percent composition than DRP respectively in anaerobic and aerobic chamber. Further, the adsorbed phase showed the species Al-P, Fe-P in the aerobic chamber with the quotient of 7.73 mg/g TS (total solid) whereas in the anaerobic chamber it showed the species Fe-P and $Fe(OH)_3$-P with the 7.16 mg/g TS.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.749-754
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• 1997

Rate constants have been measured spectrophotometrically for the reactions of alkali metal ethoxides (EtOM) with S-p-nitrophenyl 2-thiofuroate (1b) and 2-thiophenethiocarboxylate (2b) in absolute ethanol at 25.0±0.1 ℃. 1b is observed to be more reactive than 2b toward all the EtOM studied. The reactivity of EtOM is in the order EtOK > EtONa > EtO- > EtOLi for both substrates, indicating that K+ and Na+ behave as a catalyst while Li+ acts as an inhibitor in the present system. Equilibrium association constants of alkali metal ions with the transition state (KaTS) have been calculated from the known equilibrium association constants of alkali metal ion with ethoxide ion (Ka) and the rate constants for the reactions of EtOM with 1b and 2b. The catalytic effect (KaTS/Ka) is larger for the reaction of 1b than 2b, and decreases with decreasing the size of the alkali metal ions. Formation of 5-membered chelation at the transition state appears to be responsible for the catalytic effect.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1999년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.198.1-198
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.960-975
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• 1997

This study was carried out to evaluate the iron nutrition status of 212 middle school students(106 males and 106 females) residing in Seoul(13-14 years old ) using eating patterns and a measurement of anthropometrical determination and hematological indices. Fasting blood samples were taken from all subjects, serum iron (SI) and total iron binding capacity(TIBC) concentrations were measured, and transferrin saturation(TS) levels were calculated. Iron and other nutrient intakes were estimated by a semi-quantitative frequency questionnaire. The level of TS(%) which was calculated with TIBC and SI in females(20.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl) was significantly lower(p<0.050 than that of males (27.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗). The prevalence of iron deficiency was found to be 36.7% when defined by TS(%) (<05%). Mean daily intake of total iron in the study subjects was 14mg and heme iron intake was 5.4mg(38.1%) . There was a significant negative correlation between the level of SI and the income level and a positive correlation with the level of TIBC and the income level. TIBC had a positive correlation with the anthropometric variables(Ht, Wt, BMI, RI and PIBW). SI and TS had a negative correlation with body fat percentage. There was a positive correlation between energy intake and TIBC only among females. The logistic regression analysis revealed that income level, body fat percentage , weight and energy intake were major determinants of low SI levels. Among the determinants of abnormal TIBC levels were weight , height, income level and energy intake. Finally , among those of low TS% were iron and energy intake and income level. These observations suggest that physical status, body fat percentage energy and iron intakes and income level are risk factors for iron-deficiency anemia among the middle school students in Seoul.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.296-300
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• 1990

자외선 조사와 NTG를 처리하여 Brevibacterium flavum 10AHR(arg his $Rif^r$)과 Corynebacterium glutamicum 11TS(trp $Sm^r$의 돌연변이주를 분리하였다. B.flavum 10AHR과 C.glutamicum 11TS를 300$\mu g$/ml의 lysozyme으로 18시간 처리하여 원형질체를 형성하고, 융합시 30의 PEG 6,000으로 처리하였을 때 가장 높은$3.7\times 10^{-6}$의 융합빈도를 나타내었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.575-587
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• 1999

골격성 II급 부정교합자 중 성장이 완료되었다고 생각되는 만 18세 이상의 여자 37명, 만 20세 이상의 남자 23명을 선정하여 정상 성인의 안면비를 기준으로 hyperdivergent group(n=30)과 hypodivergent group(n=30)으로 나누어 두부방사선규격사진의 투사도를 작성하였으며 두개안면골격 및 혀의 크기, 높이 그리고 자세를 나타내는 항목을 계측하였고, 두 군간의 차에 대한 유의성 검정 및 혀와 두개안면골격 그리고 악간공간 사이의 상관관계를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 두 군의 혀와 악간공간의 계측항목 비교시 악간공간에 대한 혀의 면적비(TS/IS)는 hyperdivergent group에서 더 크게 나타났으며, PIH(posterior intermaxillary height)와 IS(intermaxillary space)는 hypodivergent group에서 더 크게 나타났으나 혀의 높이와 자세를 나타내는 항목에서는 두 군간에 유의할 만한 차이가 없었다. 2. 혀와 두개안면골격의 상관관계 비교시 두 군 모두에서 혀의 면적(TS), 길이(TGL) 그리고 높이(TH)를 나타내는 계측항목이 전안모고경 (AFH)과 가장 높은 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 또한 hypodivergent group에서는 후안모고경(PFH)과도 높은 상관성을 보였다(p<0.01). 3. 혀와 악간공간의 상관관계 비교시 두 군 모두 혀에 관한 대부분의 항목(H-P제외)이 악간공간(IS)과 가장 높은 상관성을 보였으며, 혀의 높이 (TGH)와 면적 (TS)을 나타내는 항목은 악간공간의 AIH 및 PIH와 높은 상관성을 보였다(p<0.01).

• 자원환경지질
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.107-120
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• 2009

섬진강부근 남해 대륙붕에서 획득한 시추퇴적물에서 유기지화학적(TC, TN, TS, $CaCO_3$, TOC, C/N, $\delta^{13}C$) 그리고 열분해(HI, OI, Tmax) 분석을 통하여 유기물 성분의 공간적 변화와 유기물 기원의 시간적 변화를 조사하였다. 섬진강 하구에 인접한 코아 SJ03에서 TC, TN, TS 값은 비교적 낮고 일정한 값을 보인다. 그러나, 내대륙붕 중앙 지역에서 획득한 코아 SJ02와 SJ04에서 이들 값은 다소 증가하며 그 변화 폭도 커진다. 내대륙붕 외곽경계에서 획득한 코아 SJ01과 SJ05에서 이들 값은 가장 큰 폭의 변화를 보인다. 내대륙붕 외곽경계에서 획득한 코아 SJ01에 나타난 유기물의 수직적 특성은 이 지역이 9.0 kyr B.P경 뚜렷한 환경변화를 겪었음을 지시한다. 이 시기에 TC, TOC, TN, $CaCO_3$, $\delta^{13}C$, HI, Tmax는 급격히 증가한 반면, C/N과 OI는 감소한다. 비록 퇴적물내 유기물의 함량은 높지 않으나, 이러한 변화는 9.01 cyr B.P이전 섬진강의 영향으로 퇴적물내 육상기원의 유기물이 우세하다가 9.0 kyr B.P이후 대마 난류 유입으로 해양기원의 유기물이 우세하게 되었음을 지시한다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.335-336
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• 1996

Artemisinin, a new antimalarial to treat patients infected with strains of Plasmodium jalciparum, derived from the plant Artemisia annua Linn, has immunopharmacologic actions such as enhence the PHA -induced lymphocyte transformation rate, increased the weight of spleen but reduced the weight of thymus, reduced phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophage, remarkably reduced the level of serum IgG and hemolysin fonning capacity (sentitized with SRBC), inhibited the activity of Ts cells of donor mice by supraoptimal immunuization(SOI), but enhenced activity of Ts cells of recipient mice by SOI. These results suggested that Ts cells may be the target cells of artemisinin. To the serum complement C3 level of plasmodium berghei-infeted mice, artemisinin (i. m,) could remarkly increase it. The artemisinin also obviously reduced the prostaglandin E(PGE) in the mouse hind paw swelling induced by carrageenin. Numerous studies have demonstrated that pharmacologic doses of PGE attenuate the development of immunocomplex nephritis. Some autologous immune mechanisms may be invoolved In the pathogensis of some types of glomurulonephritis. Glomerular abnormalities can be induced in animals by variety of immunological manipulations. The resulting disorder has many clinical and pathogical similarities to the disease in human. Our purpose was therefore to test the ability of the artemisinin to lessen the severity of rabbit IgG accelerated nephrotoxic serum glomerulonephritis in mice model. Mice which had treated with rabbit IgG and NTS, administrated with saline, showed Significant inceases of urinary protein, cholesterol level, and decrease of serum albumin in NS group. On the contrary, By i.g. adminstration of artemisinin at dose of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg for 14 days after NTS injection, shown that artemisinin inhibited the nephritic changes in some parameters by means of urinary protein(p<0.05, p<0.01) and serum choleterol(p<0.05, p<0.01) and albumin (p<0.05, p<0.01), blood urea nitrogen (p<0.05, p<0.01), serum albumin(p<0.05, p<0.01); Cyclophosphamide(i.p. 10mg/kg for 14d) had almost same effect as the artemisinin had. Morphological studies shown that The picture of kidney from the mouse with NTS-nephritis accerated with rabbit IgG, treated with i.g. saline as the control, the mesangiocapillary were enlarged and proliferated; There were inflammatory cells infiltrating around the glomeruli; The ethelial cell were proliferated in the wall of Bowman's capsule. Histopatholological picture of kidney from the NTS-nephritis accerated with rabbit IgG mouse treated with i.p. 10mg/kg cyclophosphamide as the positive control. No siginicant histopathological evidence were found. Treaded with i.p. 12.5mg/kg artemisinine, the picture shown that mesangiocapillary were lightly proliferated; There were inflammatory cells infiltrating around the glomeruli; Treaded with i.p. 25mg/kg artemisinine, The picture shown that the mesangiocapillary were lightly proliferated; Treaded with i.p. 50mg/kg artemisinine, The picture shown that both the mesangiocapillary proliferated and the inflammatory cells infiltrating around the glomeruli are less than treated with saline, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg artemisinine. On the basis of these studies we conclude that the artemisinin can relieve pathological change caused by NTS-nephritis aacerated with rabbit IgG.