• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2004

The operator $A \; {\in} \; L(H_{i})$, the Banach algebra of bounded linear operators on the complex infinite dimensional Hilbert space $\cal H_{i}$, is said to be p-hyponormal if $(A^\ast A)^P \geq (AA^\ast)^p$ for $p\; \in \; (0,1]$. Let (equation omitted) denote the completion of (equation omitted) with respect to some crossnorm. Let $I_{i}$ be the identity operator on $H_{i}$. Letting (equation omitted), where each $A_{i}$ is p-hyponormal, it is proved that the commuting n-tuple T = ($T_1$,..., $T_{n}$) satisfies Bishop's condition ($\beta$) and that if T is Weyl then there exists a non-singular commuting n-tuple S such that T = S + F for some n-tuple F of compact operators.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 1984

Effects of Foliar spray of Kinetin on the growth and metabolism of mulberry tree was investigated in this studies. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Appropriate level of Kinetin for the optimal growth of mulberry tree was 100ppm. 2. In the non-fertilizer, N, P, K, and N+P+K treated plots supplemented with Kinetin, the growth of mulberry tree was generally promoted, especially in the roots, in comparison to non-supplemented plots. The effect was notably outstanding in the N, and N+P+K treated plots. 3. The mechanism by which the growth of root is stimulated was fundamentally attributed to the hypertrophy of unit cells. 4. The chlorophyll contents of the leaves in the Kinetin supplemented plots were higher than that of the non-supplemented, especially in the N, and N+P+K treated ones. 5. Likewise, total sugar contents of Kinetin supplemented plots were higher than that of the non-supplemented. Particularly the N+P+K treated plots showed higher level of sugar contents. In other plots, there were no significant differences in the level of sugar contents. 6. The activity of GOT and GPT was higher in the Kinetin supplemented plots, particularly in the N, and N+P+K treateated. 7. The contents of ascorbic acid were increased in plots with kinetin supplement in the order of N+P+K>potassium>Nitrogen>phosphorus$\geq$non-fertilizer. 8. Difference between Kinetin treatment and non-treatment was not recognized in the contents of inorganic and organic compounds.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1999

Manure management is a top priority on both dairy and swine farrns at present. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different types and N rates of liquid manure on forage yield and quality of oats(Avena sativa L.) in Suweon, 1997. Seven treatments consisting of chemical fertilizer $120kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, liquid cattle manure 120, 240 and $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, and liquid swine manure 120, 240 and $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. As increasing N rate of the liquid manure, the plant height was increased, but dry matter content of oats was decreased as increasing liquid manure N rate. There were significant differences in dry matter yield of oats among the liquid manure N rates(P<0.05). Crude protein(CP) content of oats ranged from 14.7 to 24.1% (P<0.05), and CP yield was orderly ranked as liquid swine manure $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$>liquid cattle manure $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$>liquid swine manure $240kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$(P<0.05). Acid detergent fiber(ADF) content of the liquid cattle manure treatment showed a slightly higher than that of the liquid swine manure treatment(P<0.05). Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content of the liquid cattle manure treatment was lower than that of the liquid swine manure treatment(P<0.05). Relative feed value(RFV) of the liquid cattle manure treatment decreased with increasing liquid manure N rates compared with that of the liquid swine manure treatment. Based on the results of this experiment, it is indicates that to increase the N rates from liquid manure application could be obtained from the increase of forage yield.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

When the public key e and the composite number n=pq are disclosed but not the private key d in an asymmetric-key RSA, message decryption is carried out by obtaining ${\phi}(n)=(p-1)(q-1)=n+1-(p+q)$ and subsequently computing $d=e^{-1}(mod{\phi}(n))$. The most commonly used decryption algorithm is integer factorization of n/p=q or $a^2{\equiv}b^2$(mod n), a=(p+q)/2, b=(q-p)/2. But many of the RSA numbers remain unfactorable. This paper therefore applies baby-step giant-step discrete logarithm and $2^k$-ary modular exponentiation to directly obtain ${\phi}(n)$. The proposed algorithm performs a reverse baby-step and $2^k$-ary adult-step. As a results, it reduces the execution time of basic adult-step to $1/2^k$ times and the memory $m={\lceil}\sqrt{n}{\rceil}$ to l, $a^l$ > n, hence obtaining ${\phi}(n)$ by executing within l times.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.427-431
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• 2014

In this paper, we show that groups of order $2^npq$, where p, q are primes of the from $p=2^n-1$, $q=2^{n-1}+p$ with $n{\geq}3$, are not simple and groups of order $2^npq^t$ for $t{\geq}2$, where p, q are odd primes of the form $p=2^m-1$, $q=2^n-1$ with m < n, are not simple.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07a
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• pp.205-208
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• 1987

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.139-145
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• 1996

We show how some interesting results involving series summation and the digamma function are established by means of Riemann-Liouville operator of fractional calculus. We derive the relation $$ \frac{\Gamma(\lambda)}{\Gamma(\nu)} \sum^{\infty}_{n=1}{\frac{\Gamma(\nu+n)}{n\Gamma(\lambda+n)}_{p+2}F_{p+1}(a_1, \cdots, a_{p+1},\lambda + n; x/a)} = \sum^{\infty}_{k=0}{\frac{(a_1)_k \cdots (a_{(p+1)}{(b_1)_k \cdots (b_p)_k K!} (\frac{x}{a})^k [\psi(\lambda + k) - \psi(\lambda - \nu + k)]}, Re(\lambda) > Re(\nu) \geq 0 $$ and explain some special cases.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2000

Nitrogen and P in surface runoff and eroded sediment from cropland areas can contaminate streams and lakes. Runoff losses of N and P were determined in a small field plot $(14.3{\times}24.8\;m)$ of peach orchard from March to November in 1999. Nitrogen and P were applied in the rate of 172 and 46 kg/ha using chemical fertilizer and mixed oil cake fertilizer. During the season, in 26 rainfall events, $421.5\;m^3/ha$ of runoff including 1,989 kg/ha of soil loss was collected. Concentrations of total-N, $NO_3-N$, $NH_4-N$, total-P and $PO_4-P$ in runoff samples were in the range of $4.7{\sim}171.0,\;0.1{\sim}188.0,\;0.13{\sim}3.36$, $0.58{\sim}4.99$ and $0.05{\sim}3.71\;mg/l$, respectively. Total loss of N was 16.39 kg/ha and 75% of the loss was $NO_3-N$. Total loss of P was 1.04 kg/ha, and $PO_4-P$ and sediment bound P accounted for 47 and 27% of the total loss, respectively. The losses of N and P were about 9.5 and 2.3% of the applied N and P in the plot, respectively. Although the loss of N or P would be relatively small in agricultural aspect, considering the high concentrations of N and P in runoff, loss of N and P from croplands should be controlled to reduce the eutrophication problem of stream waters.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 1974

The relation between yield or total dry matter yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or silica uptake was investigated according to simple or multiple correlation coefficients, and multiple regression equations. 1. Simple correlation coefficient was always higher with total dry matter yield than with grain yield and highest with N in no nitrogen (0-6-8) or no fertilizer (0-0-0) plot, with P in no phosphorus plot (10-0-8) but lowest with K in no potassium plot (10-6-0). 2. Multiple correlation coefficient was always higher than simple correlation and the same is true with including Si as one more variation. There was clear trend that multiple correlation coefficient was highest in no fertilizer plot and lowest in no potassium plot. 3. Simple correlation coefficient with P was higher in the warm year in which P uptake and fertilizer-P use efficiency were higher while it with K was higher in the cool year in which K uptake and fertilizer-K use efficiency were higher. Nitrogen and silicate followed potassiuum. But partial regression coefficients of N. P. K and Si with yield were mostly significant only in the warm year. 4. Partial regression coefficient of K was negative in many cases with yield but significant positive value with total dry matter yield. 5. Partial regression coefficients of N. P and K were decreased when Si was included and the decrease was great in P. 6. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level partial regression coefficient was increased in N but decreased in P, and no consistency in K or Si. 7. According to single or multiple correlation coefficients and partial regression coefficients the contribution of nutrient to grain yield appears to be in the order of N > Si > P > K and to total dry matter yield in the order of N > K > Si > P, indicating that N is the main factor and others are closely related to each other throughout to N. The superiority of N was also proved by frequency pattern of relative yield.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.59-63
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• 2017

The n-type GaN semiconductor has excellent properties as a photoelectrode, but it has disadvantage that its reliability is deteriorated due to the photocorrosion because the oxygen reaction occurs on the surface. For this reason, there are fundamental attempts to avoid photocorrosion reaction of GaN surfaces by using the p-type GaN as a photoelectrode where hydrogen generation reaction occurs on the surface. However, p-type GaN has a problem of low efficiency because of its high resistivity and low hole mobility. In this study, we try to improve the photocurrent efficiency by activation process for the p-type GaN. The p-type GaN was annealed for 1 min. at $500^{\circ}C$ in $N_2$ atmosphere. Hall effect measurement system was used for the electrical properties and potentiostat (PARSTAT4000) was used to measure the photoelectrochemical (PEC) characteristics. Consequently, the photocurrent density was improved more than 1.5 times by improving the activation process for the p-type GaN. Also, its reliability was maintained for 3 hours.