• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1995

Proximate compositions pH, contents of Vitamins in Russian comfrey(RC) were investigated to furnish basic research for the utilization of health foods or processed foods. Analysis has been made of the proximate composition of comfrey leaf and root of RC, and pH, vitamin content of RC. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash of RC were 89.78%, 3.23g/100g, 0.40g/100g in leaf and 69.66%, 0.44g/100g, 0.21g/100g, 8.24g/100g in root, respectively. pH of RC was 7.33. The $\beta$-carotene content in RC was 1097.158$\mu\textrm{g}$/100g. Vitamin B content in RC was 0.01mg/100g. Vitamin B content in RC was 0.29mg/100g. Niacin content in RC was 1.2mg/100g. Vitamin C content in RC was 26.4mg/100g.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2009

본 연구는 유색 육용계의 생산성 극대화와 생리에 적합하며 계육 품질 향상을 위해 사료내 적정 에너지와 단백질 수준을 구명하기 위해 실시하였다. 공시동물로 유색 육용계 720 수 준비하였고 초기(0~2주), 전기(3~5주), 중기(6~8주), 후기(9~10주) 총 10주간 사양하였다. 시험 사료의 에너지 수준은 0~10주동안 3,000, 3,100 kcal/kg이며, 사양 초기 단백질 수준은 22%, 전기는 20, 21%, 중기는 18, 19, 20% 처리하였고, 후기는 17, 18, 19%하였다. 조사 항목으로 생산성, 혈액성상, 계육 품질을 조사하였다. 0~2주에 ME 3,100 처리구에서 생산성이 개선되었다(P<0.05). 3~5주에 사료 요구율은 CP(22)21% 처리구가 CP(22) 20% 처리구에 비해 감소되었다(P<0.05). 6~8주의 생산성은 ME와 CP 처리구에서 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 사양 후기(9~10주)에 ME 3,100 처리구는 증체량과 사료 요구율이 개선되었으며, CP($22{\times}21{\times}20$)19% 처리구는 사료 섭취량에서 다른 CP 처리구에 비해 감소하였다(P<0.05). 0~10주에 ME 3,100 처리구의 생산성은 ME 3,000 처리구보다 개선되는 경향을 나타내며 CP 처리구는 증체량과 사료 섭취량에서 차이는 없으나 사료 요구율은 CP($22{\times}21{\times}20$)19% 처리구가 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). ME와 CP간 상호작용은 사양 초기와 전기에 나타났다. 혈중 총단백질은 ME 3,100 처리구가 ME 3,000 처리구보다 증가하였다(P<0.05). 알부민, 총콜레스테롤은 CP, ME 처리구간 차이를 나타내지 않았고 글루코오스는 CP($22{\times}20{\times}19$)18 처리구에서 다른 CP 처리구들보다 증가하였다(P<0.05). 중성지방은 ME, CP 처리구간 차이가 없었다. 가열 감량, 전단력, 보습력은 처리구간 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 pH는 사료내 에너지 및 단백질 수준에 따른 유의적인 차이가 나타났으며 ME 및 CP 처리구간 상호작용을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 따라서, 유색 육용계의 사양 시기별 단백질과 에너지 수준은 사육 초기에 ME 3,000 kcal/kg, CP 22%, 사육 전기는 ME 3,100 kcal/kg, CP 21%, 사육 중기는 ME 3,100 kcal/kg, CP 18% 그리고 사육 후기는 CP 17%, ME 3,100 kcal/kg 또는 그 이상으로 하는 것이 적정 수준으로 사료된다. 이 결과는 1회의 사양 시험을 통해 도출된 결과이므로 반복 시험을 추가적으로 수행할 필요성이 있다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.243-247
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• 1996

Phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase (PAT) catalyzes the second step of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway and is encoded by a single-copy gene that complements all the visible phenotypes of the tryptophan mutant (trp1-100) of Arabidopsis. The trp1-100 is blue fluorescent under UV light becuase it accumulates anthranilate. To obtain a plant with reduced PAT activity, PAT1 genes with several internal deletions in different promoter regions (pHS 101, pHS102, pHS104, pHS105, and pHS107) were induced into trp1-100 via Agrobacterium. Then, homozygous T3 plants were isolated and examined for blue fluorescence. Introduction of the PAT1 gene fusants results in the reversion of fluorescence phenotype except in the case of pHS105. These results prompted us to perform a parallel analysis of anthranilate synthase and PAT interms of the genetic complementation. A plant line carrying pHS105 gene fusant does not completely complement the blue fluorescence but it accumulates less anthranilate than trp1-100. The activity of PAT was reduced in the transgenic mutant as well. The plant carrying these constructs will add to the growing collection of molecular tools for the study of the indolic secondary metabolism.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.100-104
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• 2015

The nickel alloys gets a great deal of attention due to their good mechanical, chemical and magnetic properties. Especially Ni-P alloy systems are very attractive due to their good corrosion resistance and the wear resistance in important technological applications. In this study, the effects of phosphorus acid concentration in plating solution on composition of Ni-P alloy coatings were studied. The Ni-P electrodeposits of the various P contents were investigated in order to understand effect of the composition on mechanical properties of Ni-P electrodeposits. The mechanical properties of electrodeposits increased as the P content in electrodeposits increase. The results of mechanical properties were explained by grain size and P solid solution effect. The effects of heat treatment on mechanical properties of Ni-P alloy coatings were also studied.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2004

The effects of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and ATP analogs, P/sub 2y/ purinoceptor agonists, on growth of normal mouse mammary epithelial cells (NMuMG) were examined. Cells were plated onto 24 well plates in DMEM supplemented with 10 % fetal calf serum. After serum starvation for 24 hours, ATP, P/sub 2y/ purinoceptor agonists (AdoPP[NH]P, ATP-α-S, ATP-γ-S, β, γ-me-ATP and 2me-S-ATP), P/sub 2u/ purinoceptor agonist (UTP) and P/sub 2y/ purinoceptor antagonists (Reactive Blue 2, more selective to P/sub 2y/ receptor than PPADS; PPADS) were added. DNA synthesis was estimated as incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA (1 hour pulse with 1 μ Ci/ml, 18～19 hours after treatment). ATP, Adopp[NH]P, ATP-α-S or ATP-γ-S, significantly increased DNA synthesis at 1, 10 and 100 μM concentrations with dose-dependency (P<0.05), and the maximum responses of ATP and ATP analogs were shown at 100 μM concentration (P<0.05). The potency order of DNA synthesis was ATP≥ATP- γ -S>Adopp [NH]P>ATP-α-S. β, γ -me-ATP, 2me-S-ATP and UTP did not increase DNA synthesis. In autoradiographic analysis of percentage of S-phase cells, similar results were observed to those of DNA synthesis. Addition of 1, 10 or 100 μM Reactive Blue 2 or PPADS significantly decreased ATP (100 μM)-induced DNA synthesis, however, PPADS was less effective than Reactive Blue 2. In Elvax 40P implant experiment, ATP directly stimulated mammary endbud growth in situ suggesting the physiological regulator of ATP in mammary growth. ATP 100 μM rapidly increased MAPK activity, reaching a maximum at 5 min and then gradually decreasing to the base level in 30 min. ATP analogs, Adopp[NH]P and ATP-γ-S also increased MAPK activity, however, β, γ-me-ATP and 2me-S-ATP did not. The inhibitor of the upstream MAPK kinase (MEK), PD 98059 (25 μM), effectively reduced ATP (100 μM) or EGF(10 ng/ml, as positive control)-induced MAPK activity and DNA synthesis (P<0.05). These results indicate that ATP-induced DNA synthesis was prevented from the direct inhibition of MAPK kinase pathway. Overall results support the hypothesis that the stimulatory effects of normal mouse mammary epithelial growth by addition of ATP or ATP analogs are mediated through mammary tissue specific P/sub 2y/ purinoceptor subtype, and MAPK activation is necessary for the ATP-induced cell growth.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.17-32
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• 1983

The aboveground production, nutrient distribution and nutrient cyclings were compared between two Phragmites communis communities growing in the different salt contents of soil in a coastal salt marsh. Inorganic nutrient contents of soil for plant growth were greater at the low salt stand than at the high salt stand except for sodium(Na). Maximum aboveground biomass of the plant at the low and the high salt stands were 2,533 and 1,719 g dw/$m^2$, respectively, in August. Seasonal changes of nutrient content of biomass in dry weight decreased with growth except for Na. Nutrient contents in biomass per unit land area increased continuously as biomass increases, although the amount of potassium(K) reached the maximum content in July and thereafter decreased. Vertical distributions of total nitrogen(T-N) and phosphorus(P) increased with plant height, but Na showed the reverse trend. That of K was similar to the patterns for T-N and P in the leaves, and to the pattern of Na in the stems. The Na was greatly accumulated in underground biomass but transported scarcely to aboveground. At the low and the high salt stands, the ratios of the inorganic nutrients contained in the plant were 100 : 66 for T-N, 100 : 61 for P, 100 : 62 for K and 100 : 97 for Na. the ratios of the amounts of nutrients retrieved to soil were 100 : 242 for T-N, 100 : 408 for P, 100 : 127 for K and 100 : 269 for Na, respectively. Turnover times of the T-N, P, K and Na in the communities were 56, 1, 15 and 174 years at the low salt stand, and 75, 2, 24 and 323 years at the high salt stand, respectively. In nutrient cyclings, all of the nutrients retrieving to soil were less than uptake by plant. Among the nutrient, especially P is expected to be exhausted from soil, sooner or later, because of the harvest by men.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 1995

In this research effect of physicochemical parameter on flocculation using PASS-100 were evaluated. pEt flocculant dosage, mixing intensity and detention time were adopted as experimental variables. The physicochemical parameter( p% mixing intensity and mixing time ) were important Parameter on flocculation performance. Effluent pH range for effective flocculation was 4.5-7. Optimum Gt$_{d}$ range was 20,000-30,000 and its range similar to alum flucculation. Rapid mixing was very important parameter to floe formation in PASS- 100 flocculation. Whereas, slow mixing did not affect to the removal efficiency at settling time for 30minute or more.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.553-558
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• 2012

팽화미분 첨가량[0, 25, 50, 75 및 100%(w/w)]에 따른 식혜의 당화 과정 중 pH, 탁도, 색도, 당도, 환원당, 총당, ketose, 아미노산, 단백질 및 관능 성질 변화를 조사하였다. 팽화미분 첨가량이 증가할수록 그리고 시간이 경과할수록 pH는 낮아지고(p<0.05) 탁도는 높아지는 경향을 보였다. L값은 25% 0시간을 제외하고 팽화미분 첨가량이 증가할수록 높았고 모든 시료에서 1시간에 최고값을 나타낸 후 감소하였지만(p<0.05) 0%는 1시간 후 비교적 일정한 값을 나타내었다. 당화 초기를 제외하고 팽화미분 첨가량이 증가할수록 그리고 시간이 경과할수록 적색도는 높아지는 경향을 보였고 황색도(p<0.05)는 높았다. 팽화미분 첨가량이 증가할수록 그리고 시간이 경과할수록 당도, 환원당, 총당 및 sucrose는 높았다(p<0.05). 모든 시료에서 당화 6시간에 sucrose는 0.79-0.86%로 시판 식혜 보다 매우 낮은 값을 보였다. 동일한 시간에 아미노산은 시료 사이에 큰 차이가 없었지만 단백질은 100%가 다른 시료보다 항상 높았다. 동일한 시료에서 아미노산과 단백질은 시간이 경과 할수록 높았다(p<0.05). 팽화미분 0과 75% 및 0과 100%는 0.1%내에서 유의적인 차이가 있었고 차이정도는 있음(moderate)에 가까웠다. 팽화미분 75와 100%는 0%보다 선호도가 높았다(p<0.05).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.7
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• 2014

We examined the effects of Prunella vulgaris Labiatae (P. vulgaris L.) on specific and non-specific immune responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The optimal concentration without toxicity of P. vulgaris was determined to $30-40{\mu}g/ml$ in vitro and $120{\mu}g$/100 g of fish in vivo. P. vulgaris significantly elicited an antibody titer compared to FCA or ${\beta}$-glucan. ${\beta}$-glucan plus P. vulgaris group synergistically enhanced antibody production. No significant difference in antibody production was observed between P. vulgaris and P. vulgaris plus ${\beta}$-glucan group. A respiratory burst activity of head kidney (HK) leucocytes of tilapia administered with 300 or $500{\mu}g$ P. vulgaris was significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced compared with the PBS-injected control group and FCA-treated group. Maximum increase in the NBT reduction value was observed in $500{\mu}g$ P. vulgaris group but no significant difference was found between 300 and $500{\mu}g$ P. vulgaris group. The level of serum lysozyme activity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the 300 and $500{\mu}g$ P. vulgaris than $100{\mu}g$ P. vulgaris and FCA group. The phagocytic activities of HK leucocytes from tilapia administered with 300 and $500{\mu}g$ P. vulgaris were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than $100{\mu}g$ P. vulgaris and the control group. P. vulgaris was revealed with a good immunoadjuvant evoking the specific and non-specific immune responses of tilapia.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.515-520
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• 1999

Al(III)-thorin 착물에 대한 분광학적 정량 방법을 연구하였다. pH, 리간드와 계면활성제의 농도 및 안정화 시간에 대한 최적 조건을 결정하였다. thorin 리간드는 Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) 그리고 Co(II)를 포함한 시료용액으로부터 Al(III)을 선택적으로 분리할 수 있도록 해준다. 여러 계면활성제중에서 비이온성인 Triton X-100에서 가장 안정한 상태를 나타냈고 수용액 중에서 Al(III)-Thorin-Triton X-100 착물은 526 nm에서 최대 흡광도를 가진다. 이 방법은 혼합된 시료용액에서 Al(III)을 정량하는데 이용되었다. 그리고, 분리 및 예비농축과정은 resoreinol-fermaldehyde 수지로 채워진 컬럼을 이용하였다. 컬럼 단계에서 수지의 흡착 능력은 pH변화에 매우 민감하기 때문에 pH를 조절하는 것이 필수적이다. 분리과정은 0.2 M acetic acid-sodium acetate 완충용액 (pH 4.5)와 1.0 M $HNO_3$용액으로 이루어졌다.