• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.816-824
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the shoot height at which the yield and nutritive value of wormwood (Artemisia montana) is optimized in order to provide information on its potential to support animal production (Experiment 1). A second objective was to determine how the essential oil (EO) concentration in wormwood hay and silage differ (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, Artemisia montana was harvested at five different shoot heights (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm) from triplicate $1.8{\times}1.8m$ plots. Dry matter (DM) yield was measured at each harvest date and the harvested wormwood was botanically separated into leaf, stalk and whole plant fractions and analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD). Values for total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were subsequently calculated using prediction equations. Dry matter yields of stalk and whole plant increased linearly (p<0.001) and leaf yield increased quadratically (p<0.01) with shoot height, whereas the leaf/stalk ratio decreased linearly (p<0.001). As shoot height increased, there was a linear increase (p<0.001) in leaf DM, ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents and a quadratic increase (p<0.05) in leaf acid detergent fiber (ADF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents, and stalk and whole plant DM (p<0.001), organic matter (OM, p<0.01 and p<0.05), NDF (p<0.001 and 0.05) and NFE (p<0.05) contents. However, there were decreases in leaf crude protein content (CP, quadratic, p<0.001) and stalk and whole plant EE content (linear, p<0.001), CP (quadratic, p<0.05) and ash (quadratic, p<0.05) contents. Digestibility of DM and TDN, and DE and ME value in leaves were not affected by increasing shoot height, but these measures linearly decreased (p<0.001) in stalk and whole plant. In Experiment 2, the hay had higher DM and CP concentrations, but lower EE concentration than the silage. Essential oil (EO) content in wormwood silage (0.49 g/100 g DM) was higher (p<0.05) than that in wormwood hay (0.32 g/100 g DM). Wormwood hay contained 25 essentail oils (EO) including camphor (10.4 g/100 g), 1-borneol (11.6 g/100 g) and caryophyllene oxide (27.7 g/100 g), and wormwood silage had 26 EO constituents including 3-cyclohexen-1-ol (8.1 g/100 g), trans-caryophyllene (8.6 g/100 g) and ${\gamma}$-selinene (16.8 g/100 g). It is concluded that the most ideal shoot height for harvesting wormwood is 60 cm based on the optimization of DM yield and nutritive value. Wormwood silage had a greater quantity and array of EO than wormwood hay.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2000

Adipic acid에 대해 저항성을 갖도록 변이된 Leuconostoc paramesenteroides (ANaP100) 균주의 내산성 특성을 조사하기 위하여 수소이온 투과도, $H^+-ATPase$ 활성, $Mg^{++}$ 해리도, 원형질막의 지방산 조성을 지표로 삼아 야생균주(LPw)와 비교하였다. 수소이온 투과도의 경우 pH 5에서 $t_{1/2}$ 값이 LPw는 4.3분, ANaP100은 4.8분으로서 변이균주가 다소 내산성이 높았으며 $H^+-ATPase$ 활성은 maximal activity가 Leu. paramesenteroides는 모두 pH 6.0에서 가장 높았고 LPw는 0.59 unit/mg protein, 변이균주는 0.63 unit/mg protein으로서 ANaP100이 LPw보다 활성이 높았다. 세포막의 산 손상(acid damage)에 의한 $Mg^{++}$ 해리도에서도 pH 4.0에서 2시간 경과 후 LPw는 52.2%, ANaP100은 27.3%로서 LPw에 비해 약 1/2가량 $Mg^{++}$이 적게 유출되어 산에 의한 세포막의 손상이 적었다. 원형질막의 지방산 조성은 ANaP100가 $C_{18:1}$은 감소하고, $C_{19:0,\;cyclo}$는 증가하여 내산성이 증대되었으며 또한 adipic acid 첨가시에도 LPw에 비해 우수한 증식을 보였다. 따라서 ANaP100이 LPw에 비해 내산성이 증가되었으며 adipic acid 저항성도 함유하는 것이 확인되었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.135-135
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• 2013

The electronic and adsorption structures of Mg and p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (p-TBCA) adsorbed onto a Ge(100) surface under a variety of sample conditions were characterized using high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HRPES) and their corresponding DFT calculation results. Interestingly, after 0.10 ML p-TBCA molecules had been adsorbed onto a Ge(100) surface, subsequent adsorption of a small amount of metallic Mg (~0.10 ML) resulted in the formation of a capped structure inside the pre-adsorbed p-TBCA molecules. The adsorption structures resulting from further deposition of Mg (~0.50 ML) onto the Ge(100) surface were monitored based on the surface charge state and Mg 2s core level spectrum. Work function measurements clearly indicated the electronic structures of the Mg and p-TBCA adsorbed onto the Ge(100) surface. Moreover, we confirmed that three different adsorption structures are experimentally favorable at room temperature through DFT calculation results.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2011

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants derived from incomplete combustion of carbons and crude oil. In this study, we investigated the effects of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a representative PAHs on in vitro sex steroid hormone production and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) using isolated oocytes of longchin goby (Chasmichthys dolichognathus) and chameleon goby (Tridentiger trigonocephalus). Oocytes in diameters of 0.8-0.9 (end vitellogenic stage) and 0.9-1.0 mm (germinal vesicle migratory stage) from longchin goby and 0.5 mm (fully vitellogenic stage) from chameleon goby were used. In GVBD assay, B[a]P at 10 nM stimulated GVBD in the oocytes of 0.8-0.9 mm from longchin goby. B[a]P at 1 nM stimulated GVBD in the oocytes with diameter 0.5 mm from chameleon goby. In steroid production from oocytes of longchin goby, B[a]P at 100 nM decreased testosterone (T) production, B[a]P at 1,000 nM increased estraiol-17 (J (E2) production and 10 and 100 nM increased $17,20{\beta}$-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one ($17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$) production in the oocytes with diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. B[a]P at 1,000 nM increased E2 production, 100 and 1,000 nM increased $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ production in the oocytes with diameter 0.9-1.0 mm. In steroid production of oocytes from chameleon goby, B[a]P at 1,000 nM increased $E_2$ production. B[a]P at 10 nM increased $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ production. In the ratio of $E_2$ to T ($E_2$/T), B[a]P at 100 and 1,000 nM increased $E_2$/T in the oocytes of longchin goby. B[a]P at 100 nM also increased $E_2$/T in the oocytes of chameleon goby. Taken together, these results suggest that B[a]P have not only weak estrogenic effects but progestogenic effects on oocyte maturation.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1984

결정면이 (100)인 실리콘 웨이퍼 위에 열확산(thermal diffusion)법을 이용하여 표면에 V형 흠이 형성된 N+P 태양전지를 제작하였다. (100) 실리콘 표면에 V형 홈을 형성시키기 위하여 이방성 부식용액으로는 etylendiamine, water, pyrocathecol 혼합용액을 사용하였다. 100mW/㎠의 조명아래에서 V형홈을 형성시킨 태양전지가 효율면에서 일반 평면 N+P 태양전지보다는 2.5∼3.5%, texturized 태양전지보다는 0.4∼0.6%정도의 증가를 보였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1981

The effect of ginseng methanol extract on hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme in rat was investigated. The ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg) was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats for 7days and the contents of cytochrome $P_{450}$ and NADPH cytochrome c reductase in liver were measured by the method of Stanton et al. and Mazel respectively. The content of liver cytochrome $P_{450}$ and NADPH cytochrome c reductase in the rats treated with ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg) were increased by 21.9% and l6.6% respectively and their increases were statistically significant. Single i.p. injection of phenobarbital (100mg/kg) to the rats produced approximately 25% increase in cytochrome $P_{450}$ content in this investigation and further stimulation was produced in the rats pretreated with ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg). On the other hand, single i.p. injection of 95% $CCl_{4}$ (0.5ml/kg) showed 29% decrease in cytochrome $P_{450}$ content and 10.5% decrease in NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity. The degree of inhibition of cytochrome $P_{450}$ content in the rats pretreated with ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg) was similar to that observed in the $CCl_{4}$ alone treated group, but NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity was increased by 65% in the rats pretreated with ginseng methanol extract (100mg/kg). These results suggest that ginseng is the hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme inducing agent in the rat and the effect is similar to phenobarbital.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1982

A study was undertaken to examine the effect of curing agents on the stability, curing and segregation of R plasmid pSL100. And also the stability, transfer frequency, and recombination of its segregants obtained from curing agent treatment were studied. Ethidium bromide, acridine orange, and mitomycin-C were used as curing agent. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The curing agent ethidium bromide, acridine orange, and mitomycin-C were not effective for curing the multiple antibiotic resistant determinant of pSL100 in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. However, they induced plasmid segregation with high frequency in S.typhimuruim LT-2strains. TcApSmCm, TcSmCmKm, TcApCm, TcAp, TcKm, Tc segregants were obtained. 2. The resistant markers of the segregents were transferred to S.typhimurium LT-2 strains with high frequencies whereas they were transferred to E.coli K-12 only with low frequencies. 3. The transconjugants obtained from conjugation between two different S.typhimurium segregants were similar to the phenotype of the original R factor pSL100 and the resistant markers were transferred to the S.typhimurium LT-2 or E.coli strain with equal frequencies, indicating that they are recombinants. 4. The transconjugants obtained from conjugation between pSL100 segrgants and pKM101, or pBR322 possessed the resistant markers of the two parental plasmids and they were transferred to both S.typhimurium and E.coli K-12 strains with the same frequencies and maintained stably, suggesting that they are also recombinants. 5. The recombinant pSL100 could be also obtained in rec A-strains of E.coli, suggesting that the gene function of rec A is required for the recombination of pSL100 segregants in E.coli.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.33.1-33.6
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the expression levels of p65 and S100 in the rat masseter muscle after the injection of different concentrations of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A). Methods: We injected either 5 or 10 U of BTX-A into both masseter muscle of rats. As a control group, the same volume of saline was injected. After 14 days, the animals were sacrificed. Subsequently, a biopsy and immunohistochemical staining of the samples were performed using a p65 or S100 antibody. Results: The cross-sectional area of each myofibril was significantly reduced by BTX-A injection (P < 0.001). The expression of p65 and S100 increased significantly with increasing concentrations of BTX-A (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The injection of BTX-A into the masseter muscle induced muscle atrophy. Subsequently, p65 and S100 expression in myoblasts were increased for the protection of muscle cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.301-307
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• 1995

In the particulate fraction obtained from PKC-down regulated K562 cells by treatment for 24 h with 200nM TPA, phosphorylation of two proteins with molecular weight, 100 kDa and 23 kDa (designated p100 and p23, respectvely) was depleted and addition of exogenous purified PKC to this fraction failed to testore their phosphorylation. However, in the soluble fraction, all of phosphoproteins abolished by long-term treatment with TPA were restored by exogenously added PKC. Phosphorylation of two proteins was increased by short-term tretment (20 min), and diminished with the persistant exposure to TPA as well as at a concentration as low as 1nM. When K562 cells were treated with 1 nM and 200 nM TPA for 24 h, phosphorylation of p100 was restored with or without exogenous PKC on 2-3day and 6day after removal of treated TPA, respectively. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of phosphoproteins revealed that phosphorylated p100 (pl=5.9) and p66 species were completely absent from the particulate fraction of K562 cells treated with 200nM TPA for 24 h. These results suggest that the interaction of sensitive endogenous substrates, p100 and p23 with the plasma membrane might be regulated by PKC-down regulation without displacement to the cytosol and the interaction of p100 with the membrane might be reveersible.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.527-537
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• 1997

This study was performed to determine the effects of antimutagenicity of Porturaca oleracea L. in Korea. In Ames test, the ethanol extract of Poturaca oleracea L. inhibited mutagenic activity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), , 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), benzo($\alpha$)pyrene (B($\alpha$)P) and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indole (Trp-P-1) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. But hot-water extract Poturaca oleracea L. only Inhibited mutagenic activity of MNNG in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, On 4NQO, the ethanol extract 100-1,600$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of Porturaca oleracea L. showed a slight inhibitory effect of 13-48%, 4-47% in TA98 and TA100, respectively, but on MNNG, it showed higher inhibitory effect of 6-86% in TA100, And the treatment of 1,600$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of ethanol extract of Porturacea L. had strong antimutagenicity with 74-87% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by B(a)P and with 85-93% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by Trp-P-1. The ethanol extract was fractionated with ether. chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Among them, most of the fraction except water fraction showed strong antimutagenicity effects against mutation induced by 4-NQO, MNNG, B(a)P and Trp-P-1. Chloroform fraction had strong antimutagenicity with 91% inhibition against TA100 induced by MNNG, diethyl etherfraction had strong antimutagenicity with 92%, 98% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by 4NQO, Chloroform fraction had strong antimutagenicity with 97% inhibition against TA100 induced by B (a)P and diethyl etherfraction had strong antimutagenicity with 98% inhibition against both strain Induced by Trp-P-1, respectively.