• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권5호통권113호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2005

In previous report, we investigated the impact of hexeneuronic acid and some residual extractiveson lignin determination. These non-lignin components severely interfered lignin content determination which also affect on the oxygen delignification comparison between aspen and pine unbleached kraft pulps. Very different pattern was observed whether based on uncorrected conventional kappa number or based on corrected kappa number in oxygen delignification comparison. Lower kappa number aspen pulps showed poor response to oxygen delignification when kappa number was used as lignin determination method but better response with using the acid lignin method. Phenolic hydroxyl group in kraft pulps were also compared based on uncorrected or corrected kappa numberfor lignin content. Based on uncorrected kappa number, lower kappa number oxygen-delignified pulps had lower phenolic hydroxyl group. However, lower kappa number oxygen-delignified pulps showed much higher phenolic hydroxyl group based on the corrected lignin content. For accurate comparison for residual lignin properties from different pulps, lignin determination should be corrected from non-lignin components contribution to lignin.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2001

The potential of oxygen delignification is a powerful tool to reduce detrimental environmental effects. This study was performed to investigate the effect of steam explosion treatment of chemically treated oak wood on oxygen-alkali pulping. Pulp yield during steam explosion treatment by ${Na_2}{O_3}$-NaOH impregnation was higher than the other impregnation chemicals. Also, NaOH extraction at room temperature after steam explosion treatment improved the kappa number from 140~116 to 90~64. Oxygen-alkali pulping of chemical steam explosion treated woods affected to pulp yields. ${Na_2}{O_3}$-NaOH impregnation was very effective to higher carbohydrate yields at same delignification level. Its carbohydrate yield seemed to be highly related to the effluent pH. Oxygen-alkali pulping after steam explosion treatment of ${Na_2}{O_3}$-NaOH impregnated wood was shown that carbohydrate yield was very high because its effluent pH was increase from natural to mild alkali. Even if oxygen bleaching limit the delignification to 50% in order to avoid unacceptable yield and viscosity losses, oxygen-alkali pulping after steam explosion by ${Na_2}{O_3}$-NaOH impregnation was possible to extend the delignification more than 80%. Considering high pulp yield with lower lignin content from steam explosion treated wood, it might be profitable to end the cook at a high kappa number instead of a low kappa number, and continuously apply the oxygen delignification, in order to better quality pulp.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2001

Dimethyldioxirane (DMD), which is a source of active oxygen, is effective agent that can be used in chemical pulp bleaching. In this study, delignification of kraft bagasse pulp has been carried out by using DMD. The effect of the applied charge of DMD (as active oxygen) and pH of the delignification medium were studied. The optimum conditions of the applied DMD charge and pH of the delignification reaction were achieved at pH range from 8~9, 2% of DMD (as active oxygen) and the rest of delignification reaction conditions were $25^{\circ}C$, 60 min, and 12% pulp consistency. The development of brightness per unit kappa number removal (ΔBrightness/ Δ Kappa number) has highest value at the optimum condition. The study showed that the reactivity of kraft bagasse pulp be enhanced to wards alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleaching by pulp treatment with DMD.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2005

The compositions of residual extractives in woodmeal, unbleached and oxygen-delignified aspen kraft pulps were investigated with gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with focus on fate of extractives in kraft pulping and oxygen delignification. Steryl esters and shorter retention time (shorter than palmitic acid) extractives were main extractives in aspen woodmeal. Shorter retention time extractives were well removed in kraft pulping. Sterol esters were hydrolyzed to sterols and fatty acids. Sterols and fatty acids were two major extractives classes in unbleached kraft pulps. Linoleic acid was main fatty acids in unbleached pulps compared with palmitic acid which is generally found in aspen woodmeal. Sterolsand fatty acids were also two major extractives classes in oxygen-delignified kraft pulps. However, linoleic acid was well removed in oxygen delignification.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.26-50
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• 1982

본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 효소(酵素) 알칼리 증해(蒸解)의 리그닌 용출거동(溶出挙動) 파악하기 위(爲)해 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.) 목분(木粉)을 공시(供試)하여 $110^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$, $140^{\circ}C$, 및 $150^{\circ}C$의 5 수준(水準) 온도(溫度)로 60분간(分間) 1단(段) 등온(等溫) 효소(酵素) 알칼리 탈(脱)리그닌 처리(処理)를 행(行)한 후(後), 그 탈(脱)리그닌 반응속도(反応速度), 활성화(活性化)에너지 및 반응시간별(反応時間別) 알칼리와 효소(酵素)의 소비동향(消費動向)을 동역학적(動力學的) 방법(方法)으로 구명(究明)하였다. 그 결과(結果)를 보면 탈(脱)리그닌은 반응초기(反応初期)에 전(全)리그닌 함량(含量)의 2/5가량이 급속(急速)히 용출(溶出)되는 초기(初期) 산화반응(酸化反応)을 나타냈다. 탈(脱)리그닌 반응(反応)의 속도상교(速度常敎)(K)는 반응온도(反応溫度) $150^{\circ}C$의 경우, 소오다법(法)에 비(比)해 3배정도(倍程度) 더 컸다. 본 법(法)의 활성화(活性化)에너지 값은 크라프트나 소오다 펄프법화(法化)보다 1/3정도(程度) 낮은 수준(水準)이었다. 알칼리소비량은 효소(酵素)의 경우와 마찬가지로 반응초기(反応初期)에 총투입량(總投入量)의 1/2가량이 급속히 소모된 후, 완만한 소비협추세(消費趨勢)를 보였다. 탈(脱)리그닌 반응속도(反応速度)는 증해과정중 생성되는 유기산(有機酸) 때문에 pH가 감소됨에 따라 크게 영향을 받았다. 또한 증해용출(蒸解溶出)된 리그닌은 잘 침전(沈澱)되지 않을 만큼 저분자화(低分子化) 됨을 알수 있었다. 리그닌의 메톡실기(基)는 급속히 감소(減少)되는데 반(反)해, 페놀성(性) 하이드록실기(基), 카보닐기(基) 및 카복실기(基)는 증가(增加)추세를 보였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2009

Residual extractives had a noticeable impact on the brightness of unbleached hardwood kraft pulps (trembling aspen). The brightness-impacting extractives were effectively removed by oxygen delignification. In addition, oxygen delignification was more effective in removing chromophores in hardwood unbleached kraft pulps than in those of softwood (loblolly pine). The residual extractives in unbleached hardwood kraft pulps also affected the pulp color, primarily redness and the L value. These redness-related extractives in unbleached hardwood kraft pulps were also effectively removed by oxygen delignification. There were no significant color differences between untreated and solvent-extracted oxygen-delignified aspen kraft pulps. The residual extractives in unbleached and oxygen-delignified softwood (loblolly pine) kraft pulps did not have a significant impact on either brightness or pulp color.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.18-25
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• 1990

As polysaccharides in lignocellulosic materials are encrusted with aromatic lignin molecules and have high crystallinity, these require pretreatment to improve their digestability by cellulolytic enzymes. Though a number of pretreatment methods have been proposed, the steam explosion process is evaluated as a promising method. This study was performed to investigate the effect of delignification treatment by alkali, methanol and the others on the enzymatic hydrolysis. Delignification treatment resulted in great increase rate in enzymatic hydrolysis. Concerning to the effect of delignication reagents on the enzymatic hydrolysis, methanol treatment was more effective than alkali in the case of oak wood. In pine wood, the delignification did not showed any significant enhancement of hydrolysis rate. Complete delignification by Alkali-Oxygen. Alkali treatment showed high saccharification rate of 99.5%.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2004

The amount of non-lignin components in unbleached and oxygen-delignified kraft pulps and their impact on lignin determinations was investigated. The lignin analyses investigated were kappa number and Klason lignin in conjunction with acid-soluble lignin. The species investigated were loblolly pine, and aspen. The non-lignin components that impacted on lignin determination were residual extractives and hexenuronic acid in unbleached and oxygen-delignified kraft pulps. In the hardwoods, significant amounts of extractives remained after kraft pulping and oxygen delignification. These residual extractives in the hardwood pulps had an impact on the lignin determination, more so on the acid lignin method than kappa number. Hexenuronic acid only impacts on kappa number determination both softwood and hardwood pulps, not on acid lignin. Hexeneuronic acid contributed as lignin content more in aspen than pine pulps, and more in oxygen-delignified than unbleached kraft pulps. Impact of hexenuronic acid on should be corrected both softwood and hardwood pulps for accurate kappa number.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1989

A major problem in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates is the very strong bonding of cellulase to lignin and even cellulose in the hydrolysis residues. This phenomenon inhibits recycle of the cellulase which is a major expense of the enzymatic hydrolysis process. In this paper, autohydrolyzed wood was delignified by two-stage with a 0.3% Na OH extraction and oxygen-alkali bleaching and was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase. Also, an improved almost quantitative recycle process of cellulase enzyme was discussed. In enzyme recovery by affinity method. the first recycling showed relatively high hydrolysis rate of 97.4%. Even at the third recycle. hydrolysis rate was 86.7 percents. In the case of cellulase recovery by ultrafiltration method, first 2 recycling treatments resulted very high hydrolysis rate(97.0-97.7%). Even the third recycling showed about 94.2%. Authoydrolysis of oak wood followed by 2-stage delignification with alkali and oxygen-alkali produced a substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis that allowed almost quantitative recycle of cellulase.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 1991

Steam-exploded woods were delignified by two-stage with a 0.3% NaOH extraction and oxygen-alkali bleaching and were subjected to the enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase enzyme. Also, an improved almost quantitative recycle process of cellulase enzyme was discussed. In enzyme recovery by affinity method, The first recycling showed relatively high hydrolysis rate of 96.4%. Even at the third recycle, hydrolysis rate was 87.0 percents. In the case of cellulase recovery by ultrafiltration method, first 2 recycling treatments resulted in very high hydrolysis rates, 96.8% and 95.0%, respectively. Even the third recycling showed about 93.6%. Steam-explosion treatment of oak wood followed by 2-stage delignification with alkali and oxygen-alkali produced a excellant substrate for the enzymatic hydrolysis that allowed almost quantitative recycle of cellulase.