• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

Purpose : This study attempted to investigate the effects of supply of highly concentrated $(30\%)$ oxygen on human ability of visuospatial cognition using time course data analysis of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Materials and Methods : To select an item set in the visuospatial performance test, two questionnaires with similar difficulty were developed through group testing. A group test was administered to 263 college students. Two types of questionnaire containing 20 questions were developed to measure the ability of visuospatial cognition. Eight college students (right-handed male, average age of 23.5 yrs) were examined for fMRI study. The experiment consisted of two runs of the visuospatial cognition testing, one with $21\%$ level of oxygen and the other with $30\%$ oxygen level. Each run consisted of 4 blocks, each containing control and visuospatial items. Functional brain images were taken from 37 MRI using the single-shot EPI method. Using the subtraction procedure, activated areas in the brain during visuospatial tasks were color-coded by t-score. To investigate the time course data in each activated area from brain images, 4 typical regions (cerebellum, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe) were selected. Results : The average accuracy was $50.63{\pm}8.63$ and $62.50{\pm}9.64$ for $21\%\;and\;30\%$ oxygen respectively, and a statistically significant difference was found in the accuracy between the two types of oxygen (p<0.05). There were more activation areas observed at the cerebellum, occipital lobe, parietal lobe and frontal lobe with $30\%$ oxygen administration. The rate of increase in the cerebellum, occipital lobe and parietal lobe was $17\%$ and that of the frontal lobe, $50\%$. Especially, there were increase of intensity of BOLD signal at the parietal lobe with $30\%$ oxygen administration. The increase rate of the left parietal lobe was $1.4\%$ and that of the right parietal lobe, $1.7\%$. Conclusion : It is concluded that while performing visuospatial tasks, high concentrations of oxygen administration make oxygen administration sufficient, thus making neural network activate more, and the ability to perform visuospatial tasks increase.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CMM oral administration and herbal acupuncture at BL13 LU4 on Asthma induced by ovalbumin in rats Methods : Several experimental items were measured and compared each other ; that is body weight change, oxygen consumption rate, Albumin change, white blood corpuscle change, Erythrocyte change, IgE change. Results : 1. Body weight was significantly increased in herbal acupuncture group after its administration while there was no such a response in oral administration group. 2. Oxygen Consumption rate was significantly increased in oral administration group and herbal acupuncture group. 3. Albumin in serum was significantly increased in oral administration group after its administration while there was no such a response in herbal acupuncture group. 4. White blood corpuscle in blood was significantly increased in oral administration group after its administration while there was no such a response in herbal acupuncture group. 5. Erythrocyte in blood was significantly increased in oral administration group after its administration while there was no such a response in herbal acupuncture group. 6. IgE in blood was decreased in oral administration group and herbal acupuncture group but there was no significance in oral administration group and herbal acupuncture group. Conclusion : Based on the above results it is assumed that CMM oral administration and CMM herbal acupuncture can help the treatment of Asthma induced by ovalbumin in rats.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine differences between 20s and 60s in blood oxygen saturation due to 93% oxygen administration of the three levels(1L/min, 3L/min, 5L/min). Ten 20s male($25.0{\pm}1.8$ years), ten 20s female($23.7{\pm}1.9$ years), ten 60s male($68.0{\pm}2.6$ years), and ten 60s female($65.5{\pm}3.1$ years) were selected as the subjects for this study. The oxygen supply equipment(OXUS Co.) provided oxygen by supply rate(i.e., 1L/min, 3L/min, and 5L/min) at a constant rate of 93% oxygen. The experiment consisted of three phases, i.e., Prehyperoxia(5min), Hyperoxia(10min), and Post-hyperoxia(5min). Blood oxygen saturation were measured throughoutthe three phases. By increasing the amount of highly concentrated oxygen administration, blood oxygen saturation was increased. Blood oxygen saturation of 20s was higher than 60s. Blood oxygen saturation was greater during Hyperoxia than during Pre- and Post-hyperoxia. However, rising rate of blood oxygen saturation of 60s by oxygen administration was higher than 20s.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.161-166
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• 1982

Cyanide poisoning is expected to be antagonized by the administration of oxygen, when it is administered in combination with the conventional cyanide antidote, sodium thiosulfate. However, the antidotal efficacy and its exact mechanism of oxygen in cyanide poisoning is still a controversial one. To test the effect of oxygen on the antidotal action of thiosulfate in cyanide poisoning, author designed this study on the dose-mortality patterns for potassium cyanide in mice. Potency ratios derived from $LD_{50}$ values were compared in groups of mice treated with sodium thiosulfate alone and sodium thiosulfate with oxygen. These results indicated that oxygen enhances the antidotal effect of sodium thiosulfate, effectively. This fact demonstrates that oxygen is of importance in the treatment of cyanide poisoning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.599-606
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• 2017

The effects of microbubble-oxygen physicochemical method for the removal of organic pollutants, nitrogen, and phosphorus contained in animal manure were investigated using a laboratory scale single reactor. The characteristics of used livestock manure were $36,894{\pm}5,024mg\;TCOD/L$, $22,031{\pm}2,018mg\;SCOD/L$, $4,150{\pm}35mg\;NH_4-N/L$, and $659{\pm}113mg\;PO_4-P/L$. It was confirmed that the amount of organic pollutants, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal was increased by the use of oxygen rather than air as the gas supplied with the microbubble, and by input of larger oxygen amount. When the oxygen was fed with 600 mL flow rate per minute, TCOD and phosphorus removal were 2.5 times and 5.6 times higher than those of air supplied. As the microbubble-oxygen reaction time was longer, the removal rate of nutrients increased gradually. The removal rates of ammonium and phosphorus reach to $41.03{\pm}0.20%$ and $65.49{\pm}1.39%$, respectively, after 24 hours. When the coagulation treatment method was applied to increase phosphorus removal rate from the effluent of microbubble-oxygen treatment, the phosphorus was removed up to 92.7%. However, the removal rate of organic pollutants (TCOD) was as small as $28.7{\pm}0.2%$ within the first 6 hours, and then the negligible removal of TCOD was recorded. This study suggests that microbubble-oxygen can be applied not only livestock manure but also aeration tank of various wastewater treatment plant, which can reduce the load on the associated unit process and produce stable high-quality effluent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.89-90
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• 2011

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.105-106
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• 2012

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2002

Recently, we reported (korean J. Biomed. Lab. Sci., 6(4): 245-251, 2000) that cyclohexane (l.56 g/kg of body wt., i.p.) administration led to lung injury in rats. However the detailed mechanism remain to be elucidated. This study was designed to clarify the mechanism of lung damage induced by cyclohexane in rats. First, lung damage was assessed by quantifying bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) protein content as well us by histopathological examination. Second, activities of serum xanthine oxidase (XO), pulmonary XO and oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes. XO tope conversion (O/D + O, %) ratio and content of reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined. In the histopathological findings, the vasodilation, local edema and hemorrhage were demonstrated in alveoli of lung. And vascular lumens filled with lipid droplets, increased macrophages in luminal margin and increased fibroblast-like interstitial cells in interstitial space were observed in electron micrographs. The introperitoneal treatment of cyclohexane dramatically increased BAL protein by 21-fold compared with control. Cyclohexane administration to rats led to a significant rise of serum and pulmonary XO activities and O/D + O ratio by 47%,30% and 24%, respectively, compared witれ control. Furthermore, activities of pulmonary oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, and GSH content were not found to be statistically different between control and cyclohexane-treated rats. These results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of cyclohexane to rats may induce the lipid embolism in pulmonary blood vessel and lead to the hypoxia with the ensuing of oxygen free radical generation, and which may be responsible for the pulmonary injury.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 1987

To test the efficacies of thiosulfate in cyanide poisoning with or without oxygen, after the administration of sublethal dose of potassium cyanide, serial arterial blood samples were collected during 60 minutes in 15 rabbits. Cyanide ion concentrations were measured by Conway cell microdiffusion method, and arterial oxygen tensions were also observed. Comparison of elimination constants showed that arterial blood cyanide ion concentration decreased most rapidly in the thiosulfate with oxygen-administered group. The elimination of cyanide ion by the action of thiosulfate in acutely poisoned rabbit accelerated probably due to oxygen and elimination pattern seems to occur by first-order elimination kinetics.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.143-157
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• 1990

Effective measure to prevent oxygen toxicity is greatly required as there increase chances to be exposed to high oxygen pressure, for example, space travel, deep sea diving and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. In the present study, in an attempt to evaluate glutathione and chlorpromazine as protective agents against oxygen toxicity, effects of the agents were tested on various toxicities (death rate, convulsion rate, time to convulsion, increase in weight of lung and brain and pathological changes in the organs) observed in rats exposed to 5 Absolute Atmosphere (ATA) of 100% oxygen for 120 minute. Glutathione reduced mortality rate and convulsion rate and also markedly suppressed the increase in lung and brain weight. The pathological changes observed in these organs were ameliorated by administration of glutathione. Chlorpromazine also reduced mortality rate but its effects appeared to be limited mainly to pulmonary toxicities. Thus glutathione seems to be more effective than chlorpromazine as a protective agent. The results obtained may support that oxygen toxicity is mediated by oxygen free radicals.