• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.94-104
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report the effect of Korean medicine treatments on a female and a male patient who were infertile and failed to in vitro fertilization(IVF) treatment. Methods: The patients are a 30-year-old female who had been diagnosed with the ovulation dysfunction caused by the depression of ovarian function, and a 33-year-old male who had been diagnosed with sperm defect. The female patient alone underwent Korean medicine treatment after the eighth failure in IVF treatment and the male patient received Korean medicine treatment along with his wife after he failed in the first IVF treatment. The Korean medicine applied include herb-medicine administration, acupuncture, moxibustion, Jwa-Hun, and Du-Han-Jok-Yeol treatment. Results: Through Korean medicine treatment the female patient had succeeded in the IVF treatment and she also recovered completely from allergic rhinitis. The male patient whose wife also received Korean medicine treatment with him got his wife pregnant naturally. Conclusions: This result concludes that Korean medicine treatment is effective in infertile patients. Therefore, there needs to be more of subsequent research on infertile patients that is based on Korean medicine treatment.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2002

A high molecular ar weight water-soluble chitosan (WSC) with an average molecular weight of 300 kD and a deacethylation level of over 90% was produced using a simple multi-step-membrane separation process. It is known that WSC prevents obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Consequently, this study investigated whether or not WSC improved the ovarian dysfunction caused by obesity in mice. The mice were fed a high density protein and lipid diet for weeks, followed by the administration of WSC at 480 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 days. Thereafter, the changes in body weight, ovulation rate, in vivo and in vitro fertilization and emboryonic development were measured . WSC markedly reduced the body weight of obese mice fed with a high-fat diet, but not in mice fed with a normal diet. WSC had siginificant effects on the ovulation rate, both the in vivo and in vitro fertilization rates and embryonic development. These results indicate an improvement in the ovarian and oviduct dysfunction caused by obesity, and suggest an adjustment in the internal secretions and metabolic functions.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

Perhaps the most common type of reproductive dysfunction in captive fish is failure of females to undergo final oocyte maturation and thus to ovulate and spawn. The success of aquaculture could therefore be improved by developing techniques to enhance natural spawning, artificial maturation, and/or to induce ovulation in farmed fish. This study aimed to investigate the effects of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ ($PGF_{2{\alpha}}$) on in vitro oocyte maturation (germinal vesicle breakdown, GVBD) and ovulation in the marine fish Chasmichthys dolichognathus. Post-vitellogenic follicles (0.80-0.94 mm diameter oocytes) were incubated with $PGE_2$ or $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ at concentrations of 5, 50, or 500 ng/mL for 24 hours. A significant increase in GVBD was seen in 0.84 mm and 0.94 mm oocytes incubated with 50 ng/mL $PGE_2$ compared with the control. There was no significant increase in GVBD in any of the other experimental conditions (5 or 500 ng/mL $PGE_2$ or 5, 50, or 500 ng/mL $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$). Neither of the prostaglandins induced ovulation at the concentrations tested.These results suggest that GVBD was induced by incubation with 50 ng/mL $PGE_2$.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2012

Anestrus is one of the most important production limiting disorders in dairy buffaloes and its underlying causes have been a current topic of studies. The objectives of this study were to explore the causes of anestrus in buffaloes with the application of ultrasonography. Two examinations were performed by transrectal ultrasonography at 12 days apart in buffalo cows that were not seen in oestrus at 60 or more days postpartum. As high as 54.5% buffaloes had silent ovulation and 45.5% suffered from the true anestrus with ovarian dysfunction. The duration of anestrus after calving was 60~90, 91~120, 121~180 and 181~365 days in 27%, 32%, 18% and 23% buffalo cows, respectively. Treatment with prostaglandin of cyclic buffalo cows with a corpus luteum (72.7%) resulted in higher estrous rate as compared with close observation of estrus (23.1%) by the farmer (p=0.021). Acyclic buffalo cows without any corpus luteum on ovaries were successfully treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone (70%), resulting in higher estrous detection rate than those treated with a vitamin-mineral mixture (20%) (p=0.035). In conclusion, poor heat detection due to silent ovulation is the most important cause of apparent anoestrus in buffaloes; however the percentage of the true anestrous is also quite high in postpartum buffaloes.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2005

저자는 불임, 경지증, 비만을 주소로 내원하여 장기형상진단상 다낭성난소 소견을 보인 환자를 대상으로 체중 감소를 위주로 한 한방비만치료를 시행하여 임신 및 출산에 성공한 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1168-1176
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• 2004

Exposure to stress is known to precipitate or exacerbate many reproductive dysfunctions such as dysmenorrhea and infertility. Abnormalities of the reproductive system, as shown by reduced ovulation, fertilization and early embryonic development, are frequently seen in dysmenorrhea and infertility. It has been generally accepted that Gamisoyosan (GSS) is a useful prescription for treating insomnia, dysmenorrhea and infertility induced by a stress. Also GSS has been used traditionally to improve systemic circulation and biological energy production. Based on these, this study investigates whether GSS improved ovarian dysfunction caused by stress in mice. Mice were subjected to stress by electric shock on the foot for 30 min daily for a week and treated with GSS at 500 / body weight per day for one week. Thereafter, changes body weight, adrenal weight, ovulation rate, in vitro and in vivo fertilization, embryonic development and estradiol concentrations were measured. GSS markedly increased the body weight of mice with stress, but not normal mice. The administration of GSS caused a reduction in adrenal weight in stressed mice. GSS also had significant positive effects on ovulation rate, estradiol production, in vivo and in vitro fertilization rates and embryonic development. These results indicate that GSS can improve the reproductive dysfunctions caused by stress, and these may production biological energy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2009

Estrogen has dramatic effects on the development and function of the reproductive tract in mammals. Although diethylstilbestrol (DES) triggers the development of reproductive organs in immature animals, continued exposure to DES induces dysfunction of the female reproductive tract in mice. To investigate the effects of neonatal estrogen exposure on the reproductive tract of female chickens, we implanted DES pellets into the abdominal region of immature female chicks and then examined the effects of DES on the oviducts of both immature chicks and sexually mature chickens (30 weeks old). DES induced mass growth and differentiation of the oviduct in immature chicks. The chick oviduct increased by 2.7- and 29-fold in length and weight, respectively, following primary DES stimulation. In secondary DES stimulation, the length and weight of the chick oviduct increased by 4.5- and 74-fold, respectively. Additionally, DES treatments caused abnormal development of the infundibulum and magnum in hen oviducts. Furthermore, infundibulum abnormality gave rise to unusual ovulation of follicles and resulted in infertility and dysfunction of the magnum, such as less production of egg white proteins. Our results indicate that DES exposure during early developmental stages in chickens has detrimental effects on the development and maintenance of the female reproductive tract after sexual maturation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2005

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of aromatase inhibitor (AI) for ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with thin endometrium, hyper-responsiveness after clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment. Material and Methods: A prospective study was performed in 43 PCOS patients (50 cycles) with ovulatory dysfunction between March 2004 and September 2004. AI group (total 36 cycles) included the patients 1) with thin endometrium below 6 mm on hCG day after CC (n=17), 2) with more than 5 ovulatory follicles after 50mg of CC (n=4), 3) who do not want multiple pregnancy (n=14). Patients were treated with Letrozole 2.5mg for days 3 to 7 of the menstrual cycle. CC group (total 14 cycles) were treated with CC 50~100 mg. Results: In PCOS patients, ovulation was occurred 97.2% after AI use. Between AI group and CC group, there was no significant difference in the mean age, duration of infertility, interval of menstruation, basal FSH, prior treatment cycles, and the day of hCG administration. But, the number of mature follicles (${\geq}15mm$) was lower in the AI group ($1.08{\pm}0.45$ vs. $1.64{\pm}0.75$) (p=0.018), and the thickness of endometrium (mm) was significantly thicker in the AI group ($10.35{\pm}1.74$ vs. $9.23{\pm}1.61$) (p=0.044), and E2 (pg/ml) concentration on hCG day was lower in the AI group ($116.9{\pm}75.8$ vs. $479.5{\pm}300.8$) (p=0.001). Among the AI group, patients with prior thin endometrium (below 6 mm) during CC treatment showed $10.6{\pm}1.6mm$ in the endometrial thickness and $106.6{\pm}66.8pg/ml$ in $E_2$ concentration. Patients with more than 5 ovulatory follicles after CC showed decreased follicle number ($1.25{\pm}0.5$) compared to prior CC cycle. Conclusions: In PCOS patients, AI group showed significantly thicker endometrium, lesser number of mature follicles, and lower E2 concentration on hCG day than CC group. AI might be useful alternative treatment for ovulation induction in PCOS patients with thin endometrium and hyper-responsiveness after CC treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2010

성호르몬은 lacrimal system, corneal anatomy and disease, aqueous humor dynamics and glaucoma, crystalline lens and cataract, retinal disease를 포함한 안과영역의 다양한 부위에 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. Androgen은 전신에 걸친 sebaceous glands의 발달, 분화, 지질생성 등에 관여하므로 androgen deficiency는 meibomian gland의 기능장애와 건성안에서 증발을 더욱더 심화시킬 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 반면에 estrogens은 sebaceous glands의 크기, activity, 지질생성을 감소시켜 meibomian gland에서는 androgen과 반대되는 작용을 할 가능성이 있다. 성호르몬은 또한 각막의 구조와 질병경과에도 영향을 줄 수 있는데, 각막이 월경주기 제2일째 및 배란주위기에 두꺼워지며, 폐경 여성에서 여성호르몬 치료 시 각막두께가 증가한다는 사실은 estrogen levels과 각막 두께와의 연관을 시사하는 소견이라고 하겠다. Fuch's dystrophy 역시 폐경 후 여성에서 더 흔히 관찰되어, 나이에 따른 호르몬 변화가 그 원인 중 하나로 지목되고 있으며, vernal keratoconjunctivitis 환자의 각막조직에서는 estrogen과 progesterone 수용체의 overexpresson이 발견되어 역시 이들 질환에서의 성호르몬의 역할을 시사한다고 할 수 있겠다. 성호르몬은 안압에도 영향을 미칠 수 있는데, intraocular pressure와 혈중 luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), estrone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone과는 연관이 없는 것으로 보고한 결과도 있으나, 혈중 progesterone의 경우 특히 임신중인 여성에서 안압과의 연관관계가 보고되었으며, 또한 폐경 여성에서 혈중 남성호르몬 농도가 높을수록 안압이 상승하는 경향이 있음이 보고되었다. 한편 'Female sex'는 모든 종류의 백내장의 위험요소인 것으로 알려져 있다. 백내장으로 진단받은 여성의 경우 호르몬 측정 시 연령등을 보정하고도 폐경기에 가까운 호르몬 수치를 보였으며, 이들 백내장 환자군내에서는 estradiol과 FSH 농도 사이에 유의한 음의 상관관계가 보고되었다. 또한 DHEAS의 경우 백내장 위험도를 감소시키는 것으로 보고되었고, 그 기전으로 전구호르몬인 DHEA의 역할을 제시되고 있는데. 즉 백내장의 주요 기전 중 하나인 oxidative stress를 감소시키는 antioxidant activity를 DHEA가 보이기 때문일 것으로 추정되고 있다. 성호르몬은 망막 내 혈관의 흐름에도 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 안구 내 혈류에서 여성호르몬의 긍정적인 효과와 남성호르몬의 부정적인 효과가 보고되었고, age-related macular degeneration (AMD)의 경우, estradiol이 ER-$\beta$ 수용체를 통해 보호효과가 있음이 보고되어, ER-$\beta$ 수용체가 향후 AMD 치료에서 치료적 target이 될 수도 있을 것으로 알려지고 있다. 또한 DHEAS의 경우 AMD 위험도를 증가시킬 가능성이 있으며, 당뇨로 진단받은 환자에서는 혈중 testosterone 농도는 당뇨병성 망막병증의 진행과 연관이 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 성호르몬은 안과영역의 다양한 질환과의 연관관계는 아직 추가연구가 필요한 실정이나 다양한 성호르몬이 안질환의 발생 및 경과에 영향을 줄 가능성이 있으며, 이와 같은 연관관계가 규명된다면 추후 호르몬을 통해 질환의 경과 및 예방의 가능성이 제시될 수도 있을 것으로 사료된다. 특히 폐경이후 다양한 안질환이 증가한다는 기존의 연구결과들을 고려 시, 안과영역에 있어 폐경기 여성호르몬 치료의 긍정적인 역할에 관해서는 지속적인 관심이 요구된다고 하겠다.