• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2013

To simulate the soft ground improved by vertical drain method and to investigate the effect of overlapping smear on subsequent consolidation behavior, a series of consolidation tests with a large consolidation chamber and mandrel insertion device were conducted. Based on the test result, numerical analysis was also performed to analyze the efficiency of the vertical drain method. Laboratory test and numerical analysis results showed that the effect of smear zone increased consolidation settlement but the overlapping smear zone decreased the consolidation settlement. In addition, vertical drain accelerated consolidation rate but narrowing the drain spacing did not affect the consolidation rate because of the effect of smear. The efficiency of consolidation rather decreased substantially when the smear zone was overlapped.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• no.spc9
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• pp.30-36
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• 2016

As a part of the commemorative joint faunal survey for the 30th anniversary of the Korean Society of Systematic Zoology, the molluscan fauna of Jindo Island was investigated based on sample collection from 6 localities from the 6 to the 8 of Jul 2016. A total of 114 molluscan species from 47 families were collected and identified. Among these, 42 species from 11 families are newly reported from Jindo Island and combining the previous records with the present study totals 157 species from 57 families. Distribution of species records indicates that marine biogeography of Jindo Island represent an overlapping zone for marine organisms which dwell in the Yellow sea and the southern sea areas of Korean waters.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1023-1029
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• 2015

Laser-assisted machining (LAM) is one of the most effective methods for enhancing the machinability of difficult-to-cut materials, such as titanium alloys and various ceramics, and has been studied by many researchers. LAM is a method that facilitates machining by softening a workpiece using a laser heat source. The advantages of the LAM process are decreases in tool wear, cutting force, and surface roughness. However, when the material is over-heated, melting or burning can occur. This study analyzed the heat source distribution with regard to overlapping of preheating on the laser heating path with an acute angle, a right angle and obtuse angles. Then, a power reduction method was proposed to reduce the melting and burning of the workpiece.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2000

In this paper, the possibilities and the limits of the laser seam welding were studied to utilize the advantageous properties of amorphous metal foils. For the conventional welding method, the high heat transfer makes the crystallized zone of the work material unavoidable. The laser is able to weld the amorphous metal without a crystallized zone, because heat transfer is limited within a very small restricted volume. The crystallized zone is restricted in the neighbor of welding spot and not in the melting area. This can be proved directly by the etching and indirectly by the tensile shear test, micro hardness test and bending test. The overlapping of welding bead could form the formation of wider and thicker amorphous zone.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to seek the application of IUCN categories of overlapping protected areas which is legally designated in South Korea. Different government departments in South Korea have managed and designated as protected areas. However, the protected areas due to different management agencies can be confused with restricting behaviors and supporting residents. The IUCN presents the reasonal standardization classifying the protected areas which could be applied all over the world. Six categories issued by the IUCN could be applied to deal with the problems of the overlapping protected areas. We suggested the application of the IUCN categories compared with legal frame in South Korea. Most areas are overlapped in designation, but the areas are important for ecology and landscape. Moreover, each protected areas in South Korea have zone districts. Comprehensively considered all these things, we made rationale matrix correlated with the IUCN categories and the zone districts of the protected areas in South Korea. For the result of this study, this matrix could be helped to the application of the IUCN categories in domestic protected areas. Although the protected areas has been recognized as regulatory regions, it is expected to expand and sustain the areas based on the matrix.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.377-381
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• 2004

Chiral separation of aryalcohols such as 1-phenyl-propanol, 1-phenyl-2-proanol, and 2-phenyl-1-propanol by capillary electrophoresis has been optimized using the overlapping resolution mapping (ORM) scheme. Three critical parameters of the electrophoretic media, i.e. phosphate concentration, sulfated ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (CD) concentration and pH, were chosen for optimization. The working ranges were initially presumed by 7 preexperiments. Further optimization was carried out by another seven experiments within the narrow working ranges. From the final overlapping resolution mapping all peak pairs, the area of maximum separations were located. Using the conditions of a point in this area, we found that the target compounds were a baseline separated within 30 min. The maximum separation conditions of arylalcohols were a chiral selector concentration of 5.4%, a phosphate concentration of 28 mM, and a pH of 5.0.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 1999

In the Northeast Asian region fisheries agreements of the past regarding high seas as an agreement area were transformed or new agreements were introduced in order to conform to the EEZ regime. However, the existing joint regulatory zone which “open” status is somewhat similar to the high sea not only disappear, but also two new systems were established. To begin with, parties of the agreement claimed their EEZs to be from the territorial sea baselines to the extent set forth, problem of the fishery access of the other party under the agreement is to be solved on the principle of reciprocity and on recognizing of the catch results achieved in the past. In regards to the overlapping zones like neutral zone of the East Sea of Korea(Sea of Japan) and neutral zone to the south of the Cheju Island, provisional measures zones in the Yellow Sea and in the East China Sea, and transitional zone of the Yellow Sea special fisheries management systems reflecting the legal character of the zone involved are applied. Moreover, as fisheries agreements defining open sea as an agreement zone are not able to conform to the EEZ regime, so new fisheries agreements must be taken out from old systems and conceptions, and must be understood and enforced from the new point view. Therefore, countermeasures needed to do so should be developed, and their basic structure is as follows. Firstly, the basic concept of the EEZ regime requires that the coastal states have sovereign rights on their sea zones' natural resources and bear responsibilities appropriate to their allowed jurisdiction. Each Northeast Asian state should adjust the structure of fishing industries and employ advanced fisheries management system, and should make efforts toward such issues of the state policy as increasing fishery resources and preserving ocean environment. Secondly, measures should be developed to solve the international fisheries disputes which are to occur under enforcement of the new fisheries agreements system. In regards to the acts of violation the fisheries laws in the foreign EEZ the principle of jail sentence prohibition is established by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, and every fisheries agreement reflects this principle. Therefore, the present question is to consider concrete measures to enable the easy release of the seamen, who violated fisheries laws slightly and well-intently, through establishment and management of the guarantee fund needed to make collateral reasonable. Thirdly, Korean-Russian and Russian-Japanese fisheries relations were formed on the basis of the EEZ regime, since 1992 and 1977 respectively, and are expected to maintain mutually beneficial cooperative character. As for Korean-Chinese-Japanese fisheries relations, the operational problems of overlapping zones, and problem of the permits for EEZ mutual access should be solved on the basis of the principle of reciprocity and equity rather than unilaterally from any side.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.939-942
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• 2008

Moir$\acute{e}$s are a natural interference phenomenon which occurs whenever a transparent regular pattern plate is overlapped on another regular pattern plate. In the contact-type 3 dimensional imaging systems, the moires are inherent because an image display panel is seen through a viewing zone forming optical plate. The mathematical analysis of moires in the systems shows that they can be minimized by the proper selection of overlapping angles between them. The angle is different for pixels with different aspect ratios.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.768-773
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• 2016

Engine valve seat and face, which are the important factors affecting engine performance, are required to have wear, heat and corrosion resistance. In order to produce surface layer with these characteristics, PTA(plasma transferred arc) surfacing procedure is generally employed, but problems, such as large HAZ and high dilution etc., frequently occurr. Laser cladding, which overcomes the drawbacks of conventional technologies, can be employed to create a superior clad layer with low dilution, small heat affected zone, and minimal distortion. However, in case cladding is to be applied to a large area, it is necessary to overlap 1 pass clad layer because of limited clad layer width. Two criteria for the overlapping ratio-beam size and clad layer width-have been considered thus far. Upon inspection of multi pass clads, produced by different overlapping criteria, it was observed that the greater the increase in overlapping ratio, the greater was the decrease in clad layer width and increase in clad layer height regardless of the criterion used. However, a multi pass clad overlapped by the beam size criterion demonstrated a higher hardness value than a clad overlapped by the clad layer width owing to decreasing dilution of the substrate. In conclusion, the beam size was defined as the criterion for the overlapping, because the clad layer width increased or decreased depending upon process parameters.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.81-108
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• 2008

Since the declaration made by UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on EEZs, The open seas of Northeast Asia, considerd as a convention area, needed new agreements in conformity with the changes brought by the introduction of the Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) system. The Contracting Parties of these agreements set up their own EEZs, which extend certain ranges from their baselines, Fishing in the other party's EEZ is done based on mutual agreements, which take into account traditional fishing activity in the zones. Seperate fishries management systems, in accordance with the relevant legal status of the waters, are applied to individual overlapping areas: Middle Zone in the Bast Sea and the waters south of jeju Island, Interim Measure Zone in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and the Transitional Zone in the Yellow Sea. They decided to conclude fisheries agreements as the provisional agreement under Article 74(3) of the UN Convention before the delimitations of the EEZs to avoid the territorial disputes. China and Japan concluded the Fishries Agreement in the November 1997, allowing each coastal State 52 mile EEZ. it was followed by Korea and Japan in September 1998, reaching a final compromise. And also Korea and China came to a satisfactary settlement in November 1998. Fisheries agreements have been established between the three North-east Asian States, the agreement are all bilateral. That implies inefficient resource management on the overlapping waters of the three states, especially on the East China Sea. The Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement and the China-Japan Fishery Agreement worked as governing rules in the North-east Asian seas before the establishment of EEZs (Exclusive Economic Zones). However the conclusion of the bilateral fishery agreements, Korea China and Japan have developed EEZs, and these three countries have competed for the exploitation of fisheries resources. Therefore, the issue of fisheries resource management was no longer a single countries' problem and emerged as a common issue facing these three countries. In recognition of the above-mentioned problem, it is needed for the construction of cooperative System fishery management in the North-east Asian seas. Therefore, cooperative measures should be establishied. The final goal of the construction of fisheries management cooperative system is to establish sustainable fisheries in the North-east Asian seas. However, there is a big difference in fisheries management tools, fishing gear, exploitation rate of species, etc. This implies that a careful approach should be taken in order to achieve the cooperative fisheries management among Korea, China and Japan. conclusionly, the Governments of Korea, China and Japan should complement three bilateral agreemens, and which they prepares to 'Fisheries Resource Restore Program' Between Korea, China and Japan in the adjacent waters south of Jeju Island.