• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1994.04a
• /
• pp.318-318
• /
• 1994

Addition of AAF to murine splenocytes culture produced a dose-related suppression of lymphoproliferative response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The time course of the suppression showed that a significant inhibition was occured after a 18 hr AAF treatment. Total protein kinase C activity in splenocytes was decreased to 72% of control level after a 18 hr AAF treatment. Phosphorylation of a PKC specific 80 kDa protein was increased by LPS and AAF down-regulated LPS-induced PKC activity. LPS-induced phosphorylation of overall proteins in membrane and cytosolic fraction were also decreased by the treatment of AAF. A significant increase of PKC activity in membrane fraction was noticed within 10 min of AAF treatment compared to LPS alone and then gradually decreased to LPS level in 60 min. Meanwhile, PKC activity in cytosolic fraction was increased slightly in 10 min by the treatment of AAF and then decrease to 80% LPS level in 30 min. These results suggested that suppressive effect of AAF on LPS-induced lymphoproliferative response may be associated with the down-regulation of PKC and other susceptible kinases in spleen cells.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.566-573
• /
• 2021

We investigated color changes on the outer surfaces of Phyllostachys bambusoides bam-boo by heat treatment under three different temperatures (180℃, 200℃, and 220℃) for three different durations (60 min, 90 min, and 120 min). A method of predicting the bam-boo surface color change after heat treatment was developed to provide valuable information and increase the added value of domestic bamboo products. The three average color parameters L^*, a^*, and b^* decreased, and the overall color changes increased as the severity factor increased. The values of L^* × a^* × b^* were highly related to the severity factor, and the optimal duration time for the desired bamboo surface color with a certain heat-treatment temperature could be estimated.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.71-85
• /
• 2009

For having good therapeutic value, putting the ideal of diagnosis and treatment based on overall analysis of symptoms and signs[辨證施治] into practice is very important, so the Eastern Medicine's peculiar diagnosis without interference by the western medical diagnosis is very important. The peculiar method of Eastern Medicine's diagnosis is four methods of diagnosis(四診法), a joint term for inspection, auscultation and olfaction, interrogation, pulse feeling and palpation. In the process of interrogation[問診], from analyzing the perspiration phase, doctor can get various physical information. Especially perspiration from particular region can be a clue for founding focus or cause of disease. This thesis divide the phase of perspiration into eight bodily region, perspiration from all body, head, face, back, chest and armpit, stomach, pubic region and lower part, hands and feet, and inquire the possible causes and principles of these perspirations. In conclusion, the regional perspiration can be a clue point out the origin of fever and condition of Gi(氣) flow. Perspiration from head, back, chest and armpit, hands and feet means that certain fever cannot extend to the outside of body, and at the same time, means the Gi(氣) flow of outside is being intercepted. So the perspirations from that region become an object of medical treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of nutrient removal due to rapid hydraulic retention time (HRT) variation in small size private sewage treatment facility and to have better effluent quality by using natural zeolite as a coagulant aid. The experiments were conducted by applying different conditions of HRT, coagulant, and zeolite dosages. As an experimental result, $TBOD_{5}$, TSS, and TP removal efficiencies were 64.9%, 94.5%, and 98.8% at co-injection with zeolite. Overall removal efficiencies of $TBOD_{5}$, TSS, and TP have improved 15.7, 28.7, 6.1%, respectively. This result shows that zeolite addition could improve flocculation, increase setting velocity, and thus have better treatment. Therefore the use of zeolite as a coagulant aid can be useful in small size private sewage treatment facility, where especially extra nutrient removal is required to meet the legal standard for discharge.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2024

The application of gene engineering in livestock is necessary for various reasons, such as increasing productivity and producing disease resistance and biomedicine models. Overall, gene engineering provides benefits to the agricultural and research aspects, and humans. In particular, productivity can be increased by producing livestock with enhanced growth and improved feed conversion efficiency. In addition, the application of the disease resistance models prevents the spread of infectious diseases, which reduces the need for treatment, such as the use of antibiotics; consequently, it promotes the overall health of the herd and reduces unexpected economic losses. The application of biomedicine could be a valuable tool for understanding specific livestock diseases and improving human welfare through the development and testing of new vaccines, research on human physiology, such as human metabolism or immune response, and research and development of xenotransplantation models. Gene engineering technology has been evolving, from random, time-consuming, and laborious methods to specific, time-saving, convenient, and stable methods. This paper reviews the overall trend of genetic engineering technologies development and their application for efficient production of genetically engineered livestock, and provides examples of technologies approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for application in humans.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.394-400
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out in order to examine the germination characteristics of Atractylodes japonica seeds, and it was to develop the more efficient pre-treatment and production system of the seeds. Experiment was performed by two ways-temperature control (10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$) and shading treatment (full sunlight, 35, 50, 75, 95% of full sunlight). Seed pre-treatment before the each experiment was carried out by temperature (with low temperature and wetting treatment (LTW) for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days) and shading treatment (with drying at room temperature (DRT), drying at low temperature (DLT) and water soaking (WS) for 48 hours). Seeds of A. japonica were germinated well under temperature control (overall 85.3~100%), especially high temperature. And, the seeds pre-treated with LTW for 45 days germinated with a 100% success rate. Under the surveying shading treatment, the highest germination rate was 95.8% with DRT and overall 63.2~95.8%. Germination rate under seeds with WS was 63.2~7.8%. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, A. japonica seeds don't need to pre-treat cause of high germination, but if it is performed with LTW for a certain period of time, it would be more productive.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.105-120
• /
• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of Korean Medicine (KM) doctors toward infertility treatment evaluation tools and develop a standard evaluation tool for mental and physical function improvement following Korean medicine treatment. Methods: An online survey (Moaform) was conducted, and responses were analyzed for members of the Society of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology and KM doctors who participated in the 2021-2022 traditional Korean medicine treatment infertility support program in Gyeonggi-do. Results: In fertility treatment, the most effective indicators that KM doctors wanted to evaluate other than pregnancy and childbirth were reproductive health indicators, overall health improvement, and stress improvement (33.1%, 21.2%, 18.9%). Furthermore, 45.1% of the respondents had experience using the presented infertility stress evaluation tools. For each evaluation tool, 52.1% and 54.6% of the respondents answered that it 'does not reflect the changing circumstances of the times' and that there were 'too many questions'. As for the developing a standard evaluation tool for infertility treatment in KM, KM doctors expected a simple and clear tool focusing on the pregnancy rate. They also wanted the tool to include a reproductive health index, overall function improvement and stress improvements. Conclusions: The survey confirmed the need to evaluate indicators for reproductive health, mental health, and infertility stress in addition to pregnancy rate to assess the effectiveness of KM infertility treatment. It also confirms the necessity of developing an infertility stress evaluation tool with simplified questions that reflects the changing time.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.7193-7196
• /
• 2013

Ovarian cancer patients need a surveillance program for the detection of tumor progression after completion of treatment. The methods generally consist of history taking, physical examination, tumor marker monitoring and imaging. However, the details of recurrence detection with each method are not well defined. To clarify this issue, ovarian cancer patients who achieved complete or partial responses and developed tumor progression at the follow up time between January 2004 and December 2010 in University Hospital Chiang Mai, Thailand, were reviewed. Clinical data, CA 125 level and imaging results at the tumor progression time were recorded and analyzed. There were 144 ovarian cancer patients meeting the inclusion criteria with the mean age of 51 years and 62.5% of them were in an advanced stage. Complete response was achieved in 89 patients (61.8%) after primary treatment. The median progression free survival and overall survival were 15.5 months and 37.5 months, respectively. Abnormal symptoms presented in 49.3% of the studied patients and 59.7% developed physical examination abnormalities. In addition, CA 125 was elevated in 89.6% while in 74.3% of tumor progression was identified by CT-scan. Short treatment time period and a high level of CA 125 were significant independent prognostic factors in these patients. In conclusion, careful history taking, physical examination and monitoring of CA 125 levels are important methods for tumor progression detection in a surveillance program for epithelial ovarian cancer patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.303-310
• /
• 1998

Purpose : To evaluate the results of the treatment of locally advanced but resectable rectal cancers and to analyze prognostic factors. especially with the emphasis on the treatment time factor. Materials and Methods : There were 71 patients with rectal cancer who had been treated by curative surgical procedure and postoperative radiotherapy from August 1989 to December 1993. The minimum follow up period was 24 months and the median follow-up was 35 months Radiation therapy had been given by 6 MV linear accelerator by parallel opposing or four-box portals. Whole pelvis was treated up to 5040 cGy in most cases. Systemic chemotherapy had been given in 94$\%$ of the patients, mostly with 5-FU/ACNU regimen. Assessment for the overall and disease-free survival rates were done by life-table method and prognostic factors by Log-Rank tests. Results : Five-year overall survival, disease-free survival were 58.8$\%$ and 57$\%$, respectively. Two-year local control rate was 76.6$\%$. Stage according to Modified Astler-Coller (MAC) system, over 4 positive lymph nodes, over 6weeks interval between definitive surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy and over 7 days of interruption during radiotherapy period were statistically significant, or borderline significant prognostic factors. Conclusion : The treatment results of patients with rectal cancers are comparable to those of other large institutes. The treatment results for the patients with bowel wall penetration and/or positive regional lymph nodes were still discouraging for their high local recurrence rate for the patients with MAC 'c' stage diseases and high distant metastases rate even for the patients with node-negative diseases. Maybe more effective regimen of chemotherapy would be needed with proper route and schedule. To maximize postoperative adjuvant treatment. radiotherapy should be started at least within 6 weeks after surgery and preferably as soon as wound healing is completed. Interruption of treatment during radiotherapy course affects disease-free survival badly, especially if exceeds 7 days. So, the total treatment period trout definitive surgery to the completion of radiotherapy should be kept as minimal as possiable.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2014

Overall studies for the N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and treatment methods were conducted. In this study, occurrence in several countries and emerging treatment technologies of NDMA were generally reviewed. The NDMA formation was dependent on pH, contact time, and molar ratio (monochloramine/dimethylamine). The formation was rapidly increased when the molar ratio was greater than 1. It was likely that monochloramine could be related to stimulate NDMA formation. NDMA concentrations in water supply and wastewater plants after disinfection were approximately 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L, respectively. UV oxidation and adsorption processes are regarded as effective technologies for the NDMA removal. It is suggested that the UV oxidation with proper lamps is applied in water supply system.