• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.932-937
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• 2004

In situ extraction by organic solvent was studied in order to improve the recovery yield of hydrocarbon from the culture of Botryococcus braunii, a green colonial microalga. When the solvent mixture of octanol as an extractive solvent and n-octane as a biocompatible solvent was added to a two-phase column, the algal growth was seriously inhibited, even at a low concentration of polar octanol. Therefore, a two-stage cell-recycle extraction process was proposed to improve the contact area between the organic phase and the aqueous phase. The hydrocarbon recovery with in situ cell-recycle extraction showed a three-fold increase (57% of cell) in yield over that with two-phase extraction. In addition, over 60% of the hydrocarbon could be recovered without serious cell damage by downstream separation when this process was applied to the culture broth after batch fermentation.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2000

Water and ethanol extracts of fresh red peppers were obtained by two methods, conventional extraction (CE) and microwave-assiated extraction (MAE), under different extraction conditions. Red pepper oleoresins extracted by CE and MAE were examined in oleoresin yield and physiological activities. The proper extraction time of MAE was about 5 minutes, whereas that of CE was 2 hours. therefore extraction time was decreased drastically by MAE but there was no significance in oleolesin yields. the electron donating abilities also showed negligible difference between two extracts obtained by CE and MAE, and 80% level in all extracts . the nitrite scavenging effect was reduced by increased of ph , and showed a high elimination effect over 85% at ph 1.2. All extracts had a high tyrosinase inhibitory effects of 100%. The angiotensin I-conventing enzyme effect showed higher activity with over 80% in MAE than 70% level in CE. the capsanthin was extracted with ethanol and was 11.4 and 12.9 ${\mu}$moles per 1 g of fresh red pepper by CE and MAE, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.264-268
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• 2001

The extraction efficiencies of panaxynol and panaxydol were optimal at 80$^{\circ}C$ with soxhlet method. The extraction efficiencies increased up to 45$^{\circ}C$ with shaking method. Amounts of panaxynol and panaxydol were determined by gas chromatography. Extracted quantities of panaxynol and panaxydol using the shaking method increased over a period of 14 hours. The efficiencies of panaxynol and panaxydol extraction by soxhlet and shaking methods were higher for smaller particle sizes. Upon water swelling treatment, extraction efficiencies of panaxynol and panaxydol decreased gradually with time for both methods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2470-2491
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• 2018

Web-scale open information extraction (Open IE) plays an important role in NLP tasks like acquiring common-sense knowledge, learning selectional preferences and automatic text understanding. A large number of Open IE approaches have been proposed in the last decade, and the majority of these approaches are based on supervised learning or dependency parsing. In this paper, we present a novel method for web scale open information extraction, which employs cosine distance based on Google word vector as the confidence score of the extraction. The proposed method is a purely unsupervised learning algorithm without requiring any hand-labeled training data or dependency parse features. We also present the mathematically rigorous proof for the new method with Bayes Inference and Artificial Neural Network theory. It turns out that the proposed algorithm is equivalent to Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the joint probability distribution over the elements of the candidate extraction. The proof itself also theoretically suggests a typical usage of word vector for other NLP tasks. Experiments show that the distance-based method leads to further improvements over the newly presented Open IE systems on three benchmark datasets, in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2012

To develop fundamental data of herbal materials with heat treatment, we studied analytical and extraction methods of benzopyrene in black ginseng and validated by HPLC analysis. Benzopyrene was successfully separated in mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (80 : 20) and detection of excitation 294 nm, emission 404 nm. The calibration curve of benzopyrene was linear over the concentration range of 1.17~37.50 ng/ml with correlation coefficient of above 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of benzopyrene was 0.25 and 0.75 ng/ml, respectively. Hexane extraction method was used as a new extraction method for benzopyren and the efficient of extraction was over 95%. In conclusion, analytical method and extraction method were suitable for the determination of benzopyrene in the black ginseng and could be applied to fundamental study and guideline of herbal materials with heat treatment.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2018

In this study, we propose a new Fire Flame Region Extraction using Block Homogeneity Segmentation method of the Fire Image with irregular texture and various colors. It is generally assumed that fire flame extraction plays a very important role. The Color Image with fire flame is divided into blocks and edge strength for each block is computed by using modified color histogram intersection method that has been developed to differentiate object boundaries from irregular texture boundaries effectively. The block homogeneity is designed to have the higher value in the center of region with the homeogenous colors or texture while to have lower value near region boundaries. The image represented by the block homogeneity is gray scale image and watershed transformation technique is used to generate closed boundary for each region. As the watershed transform generally results in over-segmentation, region merging based on common boundary strength is followed. The proposed method can be applied quickly and effectively to the initial response of fire.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.421-426
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• 2004

토종콩으로부터 비배당체 이소플라본을 추출하기 위한 다양한 기계적 및 화학적 방법을 적용하였다. 용매추출법의 침적과 교반, 초음파에너지와 아임계/초임계 수 추출이 포함되었다. 용매의 조성에 의한 추출효율의 증가, 교반에 의한 특정성분의 추출효과의 증대, 초음파에너지에 의한 추출성능의 개선, 용매보다 용해력이 좋은 초임계유체의 적용에 관한 실험을 수행한 결과에 의하면 비배당체 이소플라본의 추출은 초음파에너지에 의한 것이 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated maximum yield of radical scavenging activity (RSA) using each of various extraction solvents and procedure from noni friut (Morinda citrifolia). Noni fruits were either sun-dried (FS) or hot-air dried (FO) at $60^{\circ}C$ after steam blanching. For optimum aqueous extraction, noni fruits should be sun dried and autoclave extraction time should not be over 30 min to produce extraction with high RSA with low cost. In case of 50% ethanol extraction, reflux extracts of FS and FO resulted in $IC_{50}$ of 1.92 mg/mL and 3.06 mg/mL at 8 hr. When $IC_{50}$ values were lower than 5 mg/mL, coefficient of correlation was 0.71 indicating that 71% of the phenolic antioxidants in noni fruits were accounted for the activity by scavenging free DPPH. However, coefficient of correlation significantly decreased to 0.63 over $IC_{50}$ values of 5 mg/mL. Autoclave extraction contained chlorogenic acid of $14.69 \;{\mu}g/mL$ and scopoletin of $3.86 \;{\mu}g/mL$. Reflux extraction showed all three compounds, chlorogenic acid ($26.19 \;{\mu}g/mL$), quercetin ($19.59 \;{\mu}g/mL$), and scopoletin ($17.4 \;{\mu}g/mL$). Therefore, the result of this study indicated that the potential antioxidant activities and functional values were obtained significantly with reflux extraction from noni fruit.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.252-258
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• 2006

오미자를 이용하여 음료 제조를 하기 위한 오미자 추출의 최적조건을 알아보기 위하여 반응 표면 분석을 이용하였다. 각각의 반응표면분석 결과 고형분은 25배 이상의 용매비, $75^{\circ}C$이상 온도, $7{\sim}8$시간, 총산은 25배 이상의 용매비, $75^{\circ}C$의 온도, $6{\sim}7$시간, 페놀성 화합물은 25배의 용매비, $80^{\circ}C$의 온도, $6{\sim}7$시간, 환원당은 25배 이상의 용매비, $80^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도, $6{\sim}8$시간, 비타민 C는 25배 이상의 용매비, $80^{\circ}C$의 추출 온도와 $5{\sim}6$시간의 추출조건에서 최적의 추출조건을 나타내었고, 탁도의 경우는 7시간에서 $60^{\circ}C$이상, 용매비는 25배 이상일 때 탁도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 이에 따라 시간을 6시간으로 고정하여 각각의 추출조건에 따른 특성을 알아본 결과 Fig. 3과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 비타민 C, 환원당, 페놀성 화합물, 그리고 가용성 고형분의 함량은 높고, 음료 제조 시에 강한 신맛을 주어 제조된 음료의 기호도에 좋지 못한 영향을 줄 수 있는 총산의 양은 적은 지점을 임의적으로 정하여 최적 추출 조건으로 선정하였으며, 이 범위의 온도는 $65^{\circ}C$, 용매비는 25배로 예측한 결과 가용성 고형분은 2.2%, 비타민 C는 530 mg/g, 환원당은 479 mg/g, 페놀성 화합물은 260 mg/g, 총산의 함량은 190 mg/g, 탁도는 1.18 (O.D)로 나타났다. 결정한 최적 추출조건에서 오미자를 추출한 결과 고형분 1.9%, 비타민 C 451mg/g, 환원당 397 mg/g, 페놀성 화합물 260 mg/g, 총산의 함량 170mg/g, 탁도 1.20 (O.D)와 같은 결과를 얻었으며 반응표면분석에서 예측한 것과 다소간의 양호한 결과로 나타났다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.687-696
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• 2014

본 논문은 사용자의 입력, 색상 및 깊이 정보를 이용한 의미론적 물체 분할 방법을 제안한다. 의미있는 영역을 깊이영상에서 유사한 깊이 정보와 사용자 스트로크 입력의 중심에 위치한다고 가정한다. 제안된 방법은 스트로크 입력을 이용하여 관심 영역을 설정하고, 색상과 깊이 정보를 이용하여 의미있는 영역을 검출한다. 구체적으로 제안방법은 관심영역에 대해 색상과 깊이 정보를 이용한 과분할 과정과 과분할 영역에 대해 깊이 정보를 이용한 의미론적 물체 추출과정으로 구성되어 있다. 과분할 과정에서 적응적 임계값 적용 및 형태학적 기울기에 대한 적응적인 가중치 적용을 통한 마커 추출 방법을 제안하였다. 의미론적 물체 추출과정에서는 관심영역의 가장자리 영역에서 내부 영역으로의 순서대로 전체 깊이의 평균과 차이를 이용하여 추출하고자 하는 물체 영역인지 아닌지를 결정하도록 하였다. 실험 결과에서 제안한 방법이 효과적으로 의미있는 물체 추출 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 보인다.