• Title/Summary/Keyword: ovarian development

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Effects of Nonylphenol on Gonadal Development and Growth of Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Nonylphenol이 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus의 생식소 발달과 성장에 미치는 영향)

  • 문순주;이치훈;나오수;김병호;이영돈
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.7-11
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    • 2002
  • Effects of nonylphenol (NP) on gonadal development and growth of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. NP treatment was carried out to fry fish (during 55 to 64 days after hatching) using oral adminstration at nominal NP concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 tig/g BW Gonad before NP treatment was sexually undifferentiated as observed with mostly gonia cells. At 159 days after hatching, ovarian lamella of ovary were filled with oogonia and perinucleolus oocytes. On the other hand, testicular lobules of the testis were occupied by spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. Histological observation of ovary and testis development was any different between the control and NP treated groups. However, growth was significantly increased in NP treated groups than control groups (P< 0.05). These results considerate that NP has any effect for sex differentiation and gonadal development, but act for early growth in olive flounder.

Effects of phytoestrogen on sexual development

  • Kim, Shin-Hye;Park, Mi-Jung
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.55 no.8
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    • pp.265-271
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    • 2012
  • Phytoestrogen is an estrogenic compound that occurs naturally in plants. The most common sources of phytoestrogen are soybean products, which contain high levels of isoflavones. This compound, which has structural similarity with estrogen, can act as an estrogen receptor agonist or antagonist. Animal studies provide evidence of the significant effects of phytoestrogen on sexual development, including altered pubertal timing, impaired estrous cycling and ovarian function, and altered hypothalamus and pituitary functions. Although human studies examining the effects of phytoestrogen on sexual development are extremely limited, the results of some studies agree with those of the animal studies. In this paper, we review the possible mechanism of phytoestrogen action and the evidence showing the effects of phytoestrogen on sexual development in animal and human studies.

Reproductive Cycle of BlueStriped Angelfish, Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis in Jeju Coastal Waters

  • Kim, Dae-Jong;Lee, Chi-Hoon;Lee, Young-Don
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.145-155
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    • 2021
  • Reproductive cycle of the blue-striped angelfish, Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis were histologically investigated. Fish were monthly collected in the coastal waters of Munseom, Seogwipo, Jeju-Island from February to December 2018. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased from May and maintained high values in August. The reproductive cycle of female fish can be classified by the characteristics observed during gonadal development as followed: growing stage (November to June), early mature stage (May to June), mature and spawning stage (June to September), and degenerative and recovery stage (September to December). In the male, testicular development period was similar to that of ovarian development period, but mature and spawning period was one month longer from June to October. Fecundity of mature female ranged from 4,601 to 22,840 and was correlated positively with total length and body weight. The histological analysis of gonadal development indicated that the C. septentrionalis was summer-spawning type and is considered a multiple spawner during spawning season.

Changes in Sex Steroid Hormones and Ovarian Development during Artificial Maturation of Female Eel, Anguilla japonica

  • Kim, Dae-Jung;Bae, Jun-Young;Kim, Eung-Oh
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.117-124
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    • 2007
  • The present study demonstrates the changes in body weight (BW) and plasma sex steroid hormone profiles during artificial maturation induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or salmon pituitary extract (SPE) injections in cultured eel, Anguilla japonica, kept in seawater for 3 months. In the weekly SPE-injected female group, BW was relatively stable during vitellogenesis. Following induction of vitellogenesis, females exhibited a rapid increase of BW, and the oocytes were observed to be in the migratory nucleus stage at the end of the experiment. Plasma testosterone (T) and $estradiol-17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) levels increased slightly during vitellogenesis and peaked at an average of 5.82 ng/mL and 4.76 ng/mL, respectively, at the end of the experiment. In the weekly control and HCG-injected female groups, BW slowly decreased during the experimental period, and the oocytes of the two groups were observed to be at the primary yolk globule stage. In the weekly HCG-injected female group, plasma T and $E_2$ levels increased slightly during vitellogenesis and decreased afterward. In the control female group, however, plasma T and $E_2$ levels were not altered during the experimental period. Furthermore, plasma $17{\alpha},20{\beta}-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one$ (DHP) was not detected in all experimental groups. Fertility and hatching rates of SPE-injected females were significantly higher in those that ovulated 15 h after DHP injection than 18 h. These results indicate that long rearing in seawater increases responsiveness to SPE in ovarian maturation of the Japanese eel, resulting in shortened period from completion of vitellogenesis by sex steroid hormone production.

MicroRNAs regulate granulosa cells apoptosis and follicular development - A review

  • Gong, Zhuandi;Yang, Juan;Bai, Shengju;Wei, Suocheng
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.33 no.11
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    • pp.1714-1724
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    • 2020
  • Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most abundant small RNAs. Approximately 2,000 annotated miRNAs genes have been found to be differentially expressed in ovarian follicles during the follicular development (FD). Many miRNAs exert their regulatory effects on the apoptosis of follicular granulosa cells (FGCs) and FD. However, accurate roles and mechanism of miRNAs regulating apoptosis of FGCs remain undetermined. Methods: In this review, we summarized the regulatory role of each miRNA or miRNA cluster on FGCs apoptosis and FD on the bases of 41 academic articles retrieved from PubMed and web of science and other databases. Results: Total of 30 miRNAs and 4 miRNAs clusters in 41 articles were reviewed and summarized in the present article. Twenty nine documents indicated explicitly that 24 miRNAs and miRNAs clusters in 29 articles promoted or induced FGCs apoptosis through their distinctive target genes. The remaining 10 miRNAs and miRNAs of 12 articles inhibited FGCs apoptosis. MiRNAs exerted modulation actions by at least 77 signal pathways during FGCs apoptosis and FD. Conclusion: We concluded that miRNAs or miRNAs clusters could modulate the apoptosis of GCs (including follicular GCs, mural GCs and cumulus cells) by targeting their specific genes. A great majority of miRNAs show a promoting role on apoptosis of FGCs in mammals. But the accurate mechanism of miRNAs and miRNA clusters has not been well understood. It is necessary to ascertain clearly the role and mechanism of each miRNA or miRNA cluster in the future. Understanding precise functions and mechanisms of miRNAs in FGCs apoptosis and FD will be beneficial in developing new diagnostic and treatment strategies for treating infertility and ovarian diseases in humans and animals.

REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE AND BREEDING SEASON OF THE FRESHWATER CLAM, ANDONTA (SINANODONTA) WOODIANA(LEA) (담수산 진주패 뻘조개, Anodonta(Sinanodonta) woodiana(Lea)의 생식주기 및 임란기)

  • 정의영
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.135-144
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    • 1980
  • The reproductive cycle and the breeding season of the freshwater clam, Anodonta (Sinanodonta) woodiana (Lea) have been investigated by histological examination of the gonadal development under photomicroscopy. The materials were monthly collected from the Nakdong River for one year from September 1979 to August 1980. Sexuality of Anodonta (Sinanodonta) woodiana is dioecious, and the species are ovoviviparous. The gonads are irregularly arranged from the subregion of mid-intestinal gland in visceral cavity to reticular connective tissue of foot. The ovary is composed of a number of small ovarian sacs, The epithelium of ovarian sac has a function of the germinal epithelium. Oogonia actively proliferate along the germinal epithelium of the ovarian sac, in which young oocytes are growing. The testis is composed of a number of seminiferous tubules, and the epithelium of the tubule has function of germinal epithelium, along which spermatogonia actively proliferate. A great number of undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and eosinophilic granular cells are abundantly distributed between the growing oocytes and spermatocytes in the early development stages. With the further development of the ovary and testis these tissues and cells gradually disappear. Then the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and granular cells are considered to be related to the growing of the oocytes and spermatocytes. The gonads had function year-round the individuals which have various developmental stages of gonads appearing all the time. Spawning continued year-round except for the period of high temperature of water, during August and September. The peak spawning seasons appeared twice a year between January and March, and between June and July in 1980. Individuals which have trochophore larvae in the marsupium of the adult appeared year-round except September 1579 and August 1980. The rate of individuals which have glochidia in the marsupium was 72.7 percent in May 1980 which was the highest brooding fate.

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Seasonal Changes in Biochemical Components of the Adductor Muscle, Digestive Diverticula and the Ovary in Chlamys farreri in Relation to the Ovarian Developmental Phases (비단가리비, Chlamys farreri의 난소 발달단계에 따른 폐각근, 난소 및 소화맹낭의 생화학적 성분의 계절적 변화)

  • Chung, Ee-Yung;Koo, Jae-Geun;Park, Ki-Yeol;Lee, Chang-Hoon
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.71-80
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    • 2005
  • We investigated the reproductive cycle with ovarian development of Chlamys farreri by histological observations, and seasonal changes in biochemical components of the adductor muscle, digestive diverticula and ovary were studied by biochemical analysis. The reproductive cycle of this species can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage (January to March), late active stage (March to April), ripe stage (April to August), partially spawned stage (June to August) and spent/inactive stage (August to January). According to ANOVA test, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in total protein, total lipid and glycogen contents among months for all of the adductor muscle, digestive diverticula and ovary. Total protein contents in ovary and digestive diverticula showed significant changes (ANOVA, p < 0.05) during the study period, while that in the adductor muscle did not. Total protein content was highest in the adductor muscle, followed by ovary, and lowest in digestive diverticula. There was no correlation in total protein content between the adductor muscle and digestive diverticula (p = 0.220). But strong positive correlation was found between adductor muscle and ovary (r = 0.450, p = 0.013). ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in total lipid and glycogen contents among months for all of the adductor muscle, ovary, and digestive diverticula (p < 0.05). The monthly changes in total lipid content were highly variable in ovary and digestive gland. High contents of total lipid were found during April and May-June in ovary, while March and June-July in digestive diverticula. There was a strong negative correlation in total lipid content between ovary and digestive diverticula (r = -0.397, p = 0.030). Unlike total protein or total lipid, glycogen content in the adductor muscle was most dynamic. It showed more than 36-fold changes in the adductor muscle (at most 3-fold change in ovary) during the study period. Glycogen content was higher during May-July in the adductor muscle, while it was higher in March and August in digestive diverticula. There was a strong negative correlation in glycogen content between the adductor muscle and digestive diverticula (r = -0.584, p = 0.001).

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mRNA Expression of the Regulatory Factors for the Early Folliculogenesis in vitro (체외배양 중인 생쥐 난소에서 초기난포 조절인자의 발현)

  • Yoon, Se-Jin;Kim, Ki-Ryeong;Chung, Hyung-Min;Yoon, Tae-Ki;Cha, Kwang-Yul;Lee, Kyung-Ah
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.207-216
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    • 2005
  • Objective: To understand the crucial requirement for the normal early folliculogenesis, we evaluated molecular as well as physiological differences during in vitro ovarian culture. Among the important regulators for follicle development, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and FSH Receptor (FSHR) have been known to be expressed in the cuboidal granulosa cells. Meanwhile, it is known that c-kit is germ cell-specific and GDF-9 is also oocyte-specific regulator. To evaluate the functional requirement for the competence of normal follicular development, we investigated the differential mRNA expression of several factors secreted from granulosa cells and oocytes between in vivo and in vitro developed ovaries. Materials and Methods: Ovaries from ICR neonates (the day of birth) were cultured for 4 days (for primordial to primary transition) or 8 days (for secondary follicle formation) in ${\alpha}$-MEM glutamax supplemented with 3 mg/ml BSA without serum or growth factors. The mRNA levels of the several factors were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Freshly isolated 0-, 4-, and 8-day-old ovaries were used as control. Results: The mRNA of AMH and FSHR as granulosa cell factors was highly increased according to the ovarian development in both of 4- and 8-day-old control. However, the mRNA expression was not induced in both of 4- and 8-day in vitro cultured ovaries. The mRNA expression of GDF-9 known to regulate follicle growth as an oocyte factor was different between in vivo and in vitro developed ovaries. In addition, the transcript of GDF-9 was expressed in the primordial follicles of mouse ovaries. The mRNA expression of c-kit was not significantly different during the early folliculogenesis in vitro. Conclusion: This is the first report regarding endogenous AMH and FSHR expression during the early folliculogenesis in vitro. In conclusion, it will be very valuable to evaluate cuboidal granulosa cell factors as functional marker(s) for normal early folliculogenesis in vitro.

Histology and Histochemistry of the Male and Female Reproductive System of the Sesarmid Crab Muradium Tetragonum

  • Pothiappan Kumarasamy;Viswambaram Ganapiriya;Kannayiram Muthukumaravel;Manickam Sasipriya;Bharathi Santhanabharathi;Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa;Marckasagayam Priyadharshini
    • Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.13-31
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    • 2023
  • The sesarmid crab Muradium tetragonum, inhabiting the mangrove, are considered as a key consumer of litter and thereby play an important role in the detritus food chain and energy flow in the mangrove ecosystem. The present investigation was carried out with objectives to enlighten the reproductive system of Muradium tetragonum through histological and histochemical studies. Histological organization of the testis of M. tetragonum revealed that each testis has a lobular structure consisting of several testicular lobules arranged around the collecting duct. Histology of the deferens of M. tetragonum revealed it to be composed of three-layer of tissues along the entire length:the outer connective tissue, the middle muscular and the inner epithelial layer. Based on the histological architecture these three regions are recognized as proximal vas deferens (PVD), middle vas deferens (MVD) and distal vas deferens (DVD). Histological characteristics of the ovary of M. tetragonum during different phases of ovarian development were studied. Based on the colour changes of the ovary and diameter of the oocytes five stages of ovarian development can be pronounced. Histochemical analysis of the male reproductive tissues of M. tetragonum signifies the secretion of a different biomolecule by specifying their origin in the reproductive tissue and their possible transformation into spermatophores. In the female reproductive tissues, histochemical evaluation envisaged the secretory products during different stages of ovarian development The secretory substances of the spermatheca expound on the significance of its secretion in dehiscing the spermatophore wall and in nourishing as well as protecting the spermatozoa.

Annual Reprodutive Cycle of the Jackknife Clams, Solen strictus and Solen gordonis (맛조개, Solen strictus와 붉은맛, Solen gordonis의 생식년주기)

  • CHUNG Ee-Yung;KIM Hyung-Bae;LEE Taek-Yuil
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.563-574
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    • 1986
  • The structure of gonads, gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of the jackknife clams, Solen strictus and Solen gordonis were investigated mainly by histological observation. The first species used were monthly sampled at the coastal area of Dadaepo, Pusan, Korea and Naechodo, Kunsan, Korea for one year from February 1982 to January 1983. The second species were monthly sampled at the sand beach of Dadaepo, Pusan, Korea, from February 1982 to January 1983. Sexualities of Solen strictus and Solen gordonis are dioecious, and these species are oviparous. The gonads are irregularly arranged from the subregion of mid-intestinal gland in visceral cavity to reticular connective tissue of foot. The ovary was composed of a number of small ovarian sacs and the testis was composed of several testicular lobuli which from the tubular structure. Early multiplicating oogonium was about $10{\mu}m$ in diamater. Nucleus and nucleolus, at that time, were distinct in appearance. Each of the early growing oocytes made an egg-stalk, connected to the germinal epithelium of the ovarian sac. A great number of undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and eosinophilic granular cells are abundantly distributed in the ovarian sacs in the early development stages. With the further development of gonad, these tissue and cells gradually disappeared. Then the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and eosinophilic granular cells function as nutritive cells in the formation and development of the early stage germ cells. Mature oocytes were free in the lumen of ovarian sacs and gradually become round or oval. Ripe oocyte was about 80 to $90{\mu}m$ in diameter. With the further development of testis, each of the testicular lobuli formed stratified layers composed of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa in groups on the germinal epithelium. After spawning, the gonad gradually degenerated, and disorganized completely. Then new differentiated tissues were rearranged next year. The annual reproductive cycle of those species could be classified into five stages; multiplicative, growing, mature, spent, degenerative and resting stage. It seems that the spawning season is closely related to the water temperature, and the spawning of Solen strictus occurs from June to July at above $20^{\circ}C$ in water temperature. The peak spawning season appeared in June at Dadaepo and in July at Kunsan, The spawning of Solen gordonis occurs from May to June with the peak spawning season in June. Percentages of the first maturity in female of Solen strictus ranging from 5.1-6.0 cm and 7.1-8.0 cm in shell length were $50\%$ and $100\%$, respectively.

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