• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.12 no.34
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• pp.737-741
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• 1974

Coffee is a popular beverage with many people at home and in the tea-room, Caffeine is a major chemical compound of the coffee. A little caffeine is a stimulant to the movement and spiritual nerve, but much caffeine influences sleep, nervousness, non-concentration, headache and giddliness depending upon each person. The writhe expresses the result of the caffeine content in the coffee which is collected from the coffee-shapes of Seoul. The contents are as follows : 1) Caffeine content of the coffee of the tea-room was researched dividing into the contral Seoul city and the outskirts of Seoul. 2) Caffeine content of the coffee in the outskirts tea-rooms is 0.32-1.23 mg/ml and the average is 0.546 mg/ml (SD 0.19). 3) Caffeine content of the coffee of the central city is 0.34-0.73 mg/ml and the average is 0.513 mg/ml (SD 0.12). 4) There was no difference between the outskirts and the central city. 5) Caffeine content of the coffee of the tea-rooms according to each season is going to be researched.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 1975

Coffee is a popular beverage with many people at home and in the tea-room. Caffeine is a major chemical compound of coffee. A little caffeine is a stimulant to the movement and spiritual nerve, but much caffeine influences sleep, nervousness, non-concentration, headache and giddiness depending upon each person. The writer expresses the result of the caffeine content in the coffee which is collected from the coffee- shops of Seoul. The contents are as follows : 1) Caffeine content of the coffee of the tea-room was researched dividing into the central Seoul city and the outskirts of Seoul. 2) Caffeine content of the coffee in the outskirts tea-rooms is $0.32{\sim}1.23mg/ml$ and the average is 0.546mg/ml (SD 0.19). 3) Caffeine content of the coffee of the central city is $0.34{\sim}0.73mg/ml$ and the average is 0.513mg/ml(SD 0.12). 4) There was no difference between the outskirts and the central city. 5) Caffeine content of the coffee of the tea-rooms according to each season is going to be researched.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.353-372
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• 2007

This study aims at providing ideas to develop a new plan after the completion of the first five year School Library Development Plan(2003-2007) initiated by the Ministry of Education(MOE). In doing so, it analyzes cooperative systems and collaborative efforts between school and public libraries in the City of Seoul and its outskirts. Major research methods used are associated with the following (1) case studies in the city of Seoul, Inchon, and the Kyung-Gi province and (2) questionnaire and interviewing techniques for those who are engaged In the collaborative systems. In sum, this study analyzes the strengths and limitations of the cooperative systems in different regional areas. It also suggests ideas to improve the shortcomings of current systems.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.103-111
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• 2007

This is a basic study to investigate possibility to application of cohousing model into Korea. Purpose of this study is to grasp respondents' housing value, and its influence on intention to live in cohousing. Research method used for this study was a social survey. Respondents were 214 married people residing in Seoul and its outskirts by accidential sampling. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 program using frequency, mean, average, factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, multiple regression and legit analysis. Result of this study was as follows. Housing values were classified into three categories named as individualism oriented housing value, tradition oriented housing value, and economy oriented housing value. Housing values were different by respondents groups. For example, individualism oriented housing value showed difference according to age and housing area. Tradition oriented housing value showed difference according to sex, occupation, and period of residence, while economy oriented housing value showed difference according to housing type, and home ownership. In detail, men than women, single-income family than double-income family, and detached house resident than flat resident had higher tradition oriented housing value. The younger than the elder, and Seoul resident than outskirts resident had higher economy oriented housing value. Also home owner than tenant, and the higher tradition oriented group had stronger intention to live in cohousing than others.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.415-422
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• 2000

The Seoul Subway Line 4 crossing downtown diagonally constructed in February 1980 and opened on October 11, 1983. The line 4 is thus able to link southern and northern parts of Seoul with the downtown as well as with the Seoul outskirts. More than 810,000 people use it everyday. Line 4 was constructed like Line 1,2,3 with ballast track system causing much maintenance cost gradually and espicially much public discontent due to wheel and rail contact noise by railway viaduct with sharp curves. CWR on railway viaduct with sharp curves, 180m$\leq$R$\leq$300m, hasn't been designed and constructed ever in domestic. Therefore in order to reduce noise and vibration caused by interaction between wheel and rail the possibility and the methods of CWR(Continuous Welded Rail) on railway viaduct with sharp curve less than R300 will lead it to the maintenance free system.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.123-130
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• 2006

This is a basic study to investigate possibility to application of cohousing model into Korea. Purpose of this study is to grasp respondents' housing value, and its influence on intention to live in cohousing. Research method used for this study was a social survey. Respondents were 214 married people residing in Seoul and its outskirts by accidential sampling. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 program using frequency, mean, average, factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, multiple regression and logit analysis. Result of this study was as follows. Housing values were classified into three categories named as individualism oriented housing value, tradition oriented housing value, and economy oriented housing value. Housing values were different by respondents groups. For example, individualism oriented housing value showed difference according to age and housing area. Tradition oriented housing value showed difference according to sex, occupation, and period of residence, while economy oriented housing value showed difference according to number of family members, housing type, and home ownership. In detail, men than women, single-income family than double-income family, and detached house resident than flat resident had higher tradition oriented housing value. The younger than the elder, and Seoul resident than outskirts resident had higher economy oriented housing value. Also home owner than tenant, and the higher tradition oriented group had stronger intention to live in cohousing than others.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.32-36
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• 2000

In this study, we performed the long-term expansion planning for the conceptual design of HTS power cable in Seoul area. In Korea, underground power cable has been required gradually with increasing demand of electric power transmission density and low loss characteristics in the comparison with a conventional power cables, so we assumed that the HTS power cable is applied between the downtown area and the outskirts of the city for the large power transmission capacity. This paper is to show the effects of HTS power cables in Seoul based on the power system analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

In order to prepare a basis for ecological restoration of the Seoul Metropolitan area, ecological diagnoses on soil physico-chemical properties and vegetation structure were carried out. Land use patterns, actual vegetation, and biotope patterns were also investigated based on aerial photograph interpretation and field checks. I formulated landscape elements overlaying those data and evaluated the ecological value of each element. Soil pollution was evaluated by analyzing soil samples collected in each grid on the mesh map, divided by 2km $\times$ 2km intervals. Soil samples were collected in forests or grasslands escaped from direct human interference. Soil pollution evaluated from pH, and SO$_4$, Ca, Mg, and Al contents of soil was more severe in the urban outskirts than in the urban center. Those soil environmental factors showed significant correlation with each other. Vegetation in the urban area was different in species composition from that in suburban areas and showed lower diversity compared with that in the suburban areas. Successional process investigated by population structure of major species also showed a difference. That is, successional trend was normal in suburban areas, but that in urban areas showed a retrogressive pattern. The landscape ecological map of Seoul indicates that the urban center lacks vegetation and greenery space is restricted in urban outskirts. Such an uneven distribution of vegetation has caused a specific urban climate and thereby contributed to aggravation of air and soil pollution, furthermore causing vegetation decline. From this result, it was estimated that such uneven distribution of vegetation functioned as a trigger factor to deteriorate the urban environment. I suggested, therefore, a restoration plan based on landscape ecological principles, which emphasizes connectivity and even distribution of green areas throughout the whole area of the Seoul to solve this complex environmental problem. In this restoration plan, first of all, I decided the priority order for connection of the fragmented greenery spaces based on the distances from the core reserves comprised of green belt and rivers, which play roles as habitats of wildlife as well as for improvement of urban environment. Next, I prepared methods to restore each landscape element included in the paths of green network to be constructed in the future on the bases of such preferential order. Rivers and roads, which hold good connectivity, were chosen as elements to play important roles in constructing green network by linking the fragmented greenery spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

A new subway, line 9 linking Western and Eastern Seoul began its services for citizens between Gimpo airport and Gangnam area within 30 minutes by express transit service. Seoul Metro Line 9 Corporation plans to operate both local transit service which will stop at every station, and express transit service that will stop at several key stations including junctions. The passengers on line 9 will be able to transfer to lines 2, 3, 5, 8, Bundang and Incheon International Airport. The Line 9 is expected to disperse the demand for line 2, having the most number of subway users, and will provide passengers with less crowded travel. The new line will also help residents in southern Seoul outskirts and Gyeonggi provincial cities including Bundang vicinity, and Gangdong area commuters get better access to Gimpo and incheon Airports. The Corporation expects to transfer 560,000 passengers daily by the subway line 9. Seoul Development Institute conducted network reshuffle study for Seoul Metro system to sort out congestion problem due to its irrational line alignments and inconvenient transfer. Among several candidate plans of network reshuffling, the direct connection of line 9 with line 5 was chosen as a pilot study. The study found that direct connection of the 2 lines is essential for enhancing transit utility and reducing automobile commuters.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.640-652
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• 2007

The MM5, RAMS and WRF, meteorological models have provided the dynamical parameters as inputs to air quality model. A major content of this study is that significant characteristics of three models for high-ozone occurrence analyze for surface wind and air temperature fields and compare with observation data in Seoul metropolitan area. An analysis of air temperature field revealed that location of core in high temperature of MM5 and WRF differed from that of RAMS. MM5 and WRF indicated high temperature in Seoul but RAMS represented it on the outskirts of Seoul. MM5 and WRF were underestimated maximum temperature during daytime but RAMS simulated similar value with observation data. Surface wind field with three models, it was shown many differences at horizontal distribution of wind direction. RAMS indicated weak wind speed in land and strong sea breeze at coastal areas than MM5 and WRF. However wind speed simulated by three model were overestimated during both daytime and nighttime.