• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2009년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.31-34
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• 2009

Large outrigger elements tie the concrete core to perimeter columns, significantly increasing the building's lateral stiffness as well as its resistance to overturning due to wind. The outriggers are deep elements, and large tie forces are resisted by top and bottom heavy longitudinal reinforcing and vertical ties. To reduce construction costs, all primary reinforcing bars in outrigger levels are SD500. Further, concrete strengths of 80MPa have been specified for outrigger elements. However, the reductions in the amount of concrete and reinforcement steel are more increased in tall building. With these backgrounds, 80MPa high strength concrete outrigger system using post tension method is developed. Significant economic savings can be made by reducing the element sizes and material content. The developed outrigger system is designed using strut-and-tie models. In addition, four 1/4-scale test specimens were selected from the same prototype structure. The results from the tests are confirmed that the structural behaviors of the developed outrigger member have better capacities than those of a conventional method.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2017

The demand for skyscrapers is increasing worldwide. Until now, various lateral resistance structures have been used for lateral displacement control of high-rise buildings. An outrigger damper system has been introduced recently to improve lateral dynamic response control performance further. However, a study of outrigger damper system is yet to be sufficiently investigated. In this study, time history analysis was performed to investigate the control performance of an outrigger damper system of high-rise building under eccentric loading. To do this, an actual scale 3-dimensional tall building model with an outrigger damper system was prepared. The control performance of the outrigger damper system was evaluated by varying stiffness and damping values. On the top floor torsional angle response to the earthquake load, was greatly affected by damping value. And the displacement response was affected greatly by the stiffness value and damping value of damper system. In conclusion, it is necessary to select the proper damping and stiffness values of the outrigger damper system.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2022

In this paper, the optimum location of the belt truss-outrigger for a combined system of framed tube, shear core and outrigger-belt truss is calculated. The optimum location is determined by maximization of the first natural frequency. The framed tube is modeled using a non-prismatic cantilever beam with hollow box cross section. The governing differential equation is solved using the weak form integral equations and the natural frequencies of the structure are calculated. The graphs are introduced for quick calculation of the first natural frequency. The location of the belt truss-outrigger that maximizes the first natural frequency of the structure is introduced as an optimum location. The structure is modeled using SAP-2000 finite elements software. In the modelling, the location of the belt truss-outrigger is changed along the height of the structure. With various locations of the outrigger, the lateral deflection of the all stories and axial force in the columns of the outer tube are calculated. The analysis is repeated by locating the outrigger-belt truss at the optimum location. The analysis results are compared and effect of the optimum location on the lateral deflection and the shear lag phenomena are investigated.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 연속체해석을 토대로, 병렬코아를 갖는 아웃리거구조물의 수평하중에 대한 응력과 변위를 구하기 위한 방법을 제안하였고, 아웃리거의 위치에 따른 구조물의 거동에 대해 연구하였다. 아웃리거와 코아가 만나는 위치에서 코아의 회전병위가 아웃리거의 회전변위와 일치한다는 적합조건으로부터 아웃리거의 구속모멘트, 코아의 휨모멘트, 기둥의 축방향력, 그리고 구조물의 수평변위 등을 유도하였다. 구조모델들을 이용하여 MIDAS-GEN 프로그램에 의한 결과와 비교하였고, 병렬코아를 갖는 아웃리거구조물에 대해 만족할만한 결과를 얻었다. 구조물 최상단의 수평변위는 코아의 위치보다는 아웃리거의 위치에 의해 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 조사되었다. 비록, 이 논문에서 제시된 공식들이 이상적인 아웃리거구조물에 대한 것이지만 병렬코아를 갖는 실제 아웃리거구조물의 응력과 변위의 근사치를 추정하고, 구조물의 거동을 예측하기 위한 수단으로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2013

본 연구는 구조해석 프로그램 MIDAS-Gen을 사용하여 80층 건물의 구조분야에 대한 계획설계를 실시한 후에 캡 트러스가 설치된 초고층건물의 아웃리거 구조의 최적위치에 대하여 연구하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이 논문에서 구조해석의 주요한 변수는 아웃리거 위치와 주요한 구조요소 (아웃리거, 외곽기둥, 전단벽 등)의 강성이다. 캡 트러스가 설치된 초고층건물의 아웃리거 구조의 최적위치를 찾기 위하여 초고층건물의 구조설계에서 가장 중요하게 고려해야하는 요소의 하나인 최상층의 수평변위를 분석하고 고찰하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 아웃리거 위치와 아웃리거, 외곽기둥, 전단벽과 같은 주요한 구조요소의 강성은 최적의 아웃리거 위치에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 본 연구의 결과는 초고층건물의 수평변위를 최소화시키는 최적의 아웃리거 위치를 결정할 수 있는 기본적인 엔지니어링 자료를 제공하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2018

본 논문은 바닥 격막을 고려한 초고층 아웃리거 구조시스템의 수평거동을 파악하기 위하여 80층 규모의 초고층 아웃리거 건물을 대상으로 MIDAS-Gen을 이용하여 계획설계 수준의 구조설계를 진행하였다. 그리고 본 해석의 주요한 변수는 아웃리거의 평면상 위치, 슬래브의 강성, 아웃리거의 강성, 다이어프램의 종류이다. 또한 본 연구의 목적을 위하여 최상층에서 발생하는 수평변위, 층간변위, 슬래브에 발생한 응력을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 아웃리거의 평면상 위치, 슬래브의 강성, 아웃리거의 강성, 다이어프램의 종류는 초고층 아웃리거 구조시스템의 수평거동에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 본 연구의 결과는 초고층 아웃리거 구조시스템의 수평거동을 파악하는데 필요한 구조설계 기본자료를 얻는데 도움이 된다고 사료된다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2017

Special consideration should be given to differential column shortening during the design and construction of a tall building to mitigate the adverse effects caused by such shortening. The effects of the outrigger - which is conventionally used to increase the lateral stiffness of a tall building - on the differential shortening are investigated in this study. Three analysis models, a constant-section, constant-stress, and general model, are prepared, and the differential shortenings of these models with and without the outrigger are compared. The effects of connection time, sectional area, and location of the outrigger on the differential shortening are studied. The sectional area of the outrigger shows a non-linear relation in reducing the maximum differential shortening. The optimum locations of the single and dual outriggers are investigated by an exhaustive search method, and it is confirmed that a global optimum location exists. This study shows that the outrigger can be utilized to reduce the differential shortening between the interior core wall and the perimeter columns as well as to reduce the lateral displacements due to wind or earthquake loads.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.190-191
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• 2015

Construction delays occur frequently in outrigger framework of tall buildings due to the unexpected conditions and lack of experience. However, delay factors of the outrigger framework has not been managed efficiently. Therefore, the systematic management is needed by perceiving possible delay factors before constructing management system. In this study, the major delay factors of outrigger framework are conducted to derive by using the Importance Performance Analysis(IPA). It is expected that the results of this study are utilized for planning of systematic scheduling in outrigger framework of tall building.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권2호
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• pp.267-282
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• 2020

The seismic performance and failure modes of the dual system of moment resisting frames and thin steel plate shear walls (TSPSWs) without and with one or two outrigger trusses are studied in this paper. These structural systems were utilized to resist vertical and lateral loads of 40-storey buildings. Detailed Finite element models associated with nonlinear time history analyses were used to examine seismic capacity and plastic mechanism of the buildings. The analyses were performed under increased levels of earthquake intensities. The models with one and two outriggers showed good performance during the maximum considered earthquake (MCE), while the stress of TSPSWs in the model without outrigger reached its ultimate value under this earthquake. The best seismic capacity was in favour of the model with two outriggers, where it is found that increasing the number of outriggers not only gives more reduction in lateral displacement but also reduces stress concentration on thin steel plate shear walls at outrigger floors, which caused the early failure of TSPSWs in model with one outrigger.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Due to the recent overpopulation of urban cities, land shortage and soaring land prices have caused an increase in the demand for high-rise buildings. To build buildings on a limited land, the size of the building is important. Displacement control by horizontal loads in a skyscraper is critical to securing stability and usability of structures. Several systems have been proposed for efficient horizontal displacement control, and so far the study continues. Among them, the Outrigger System is a representative of the typical horizontal load resistance system. Although studies have been conducted so far to locate the optimal position of the outrigger, studies of the slenderness ratio of the buildings are still insufficient. Based on the Outrigger-Optimized Position equation, this study induces the calculation of the displacement of the outrigger installation building according to the slenderness ratio.