• 산업기술연구
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• 제27권A호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2007

In this research, we have selected the region of Jawoon river that is the area of high land vegetable growing in the upper Soyang Reservoir and we have observed actual floating materials that generate negative nutrition and turbidity of the Reservoir water and the changes of water quality by raining of each month for one year of 2005 in order to monitor the relationship of pollution sources by the outflow of rain water. In addition, we also have conducted statistical inspection methods such as correlation analysis and regression analysis on strength of raining force and rain continuance time among the elements affecting the outflow of floating materials.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.57.2-57.2
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• 2014

Protostellar jets and outflows are signatures of star formation and promising mechanisms for driving supersonic turbulence in molecular clouds. We quantify outflow-driven turbulence through three-dimensional numerical simulations using an isothermal version of the total variation diminishing code. We drive turbulence in real space using a simplified spherical outflow model, analyze the data through density probability distribution functions (PDFs), and investigate density and velocity power spectra. The real-space turbulence-driving method produces a negatively skewed density PDF possessing an enhanced tail on the low-density side. It deviates from the log-normal distributions typically obtained from Fourier-space turbulence driving at low densities, but can provide a good fit at high densities, particularly in terms of mass-weighted rather than volume-weighted density PDF. We find shallow density power-spectra of -1.2. It is attributed to spherical shocks of outflows themselves or shocks formed by the interaction of outflows. The total velocity power-spectrum is found to be -2.0, representative of the shock dominated Burger's turbulence model. Our density weighted velocity power spectrum is measured as -1.6, slightly less that the Kolmogorov scaling values found in previous works.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.51.2-51.2
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• 2013

We present observational results of CO outflows towards 24 embedded young stellar objects (YSOs), which are selected from the targets of the Herschel key program, "Dust, Ice, and Gas in Time" (DIGIT). Molecular outflow activity, which is believed to have strong dependence on accretion process, is the most powerful in the early embedded phase of star formation and declines as the central protostars evolve to the main sequence stage. In order to study the relation between the CO outflows observed in low J transitions and the properties of protostars, we mapped the CO outflows of the selected targets in J=1-0 and J=2-1 with the 14-m TRAO telescope and the 6-m SRAO telescope, respectively. We also compare the CO outflow momentum fluxes with the FIR molecular line luminosities of CO, $H_2O$, OH, and OI, which were detected by the Herschel-PACS observations.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.72.3-72.3
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• 2016

A massive envelope and a strong bipolar outflow are the two most distinct structures of youngest protostellar systems. We present observational results from the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) toward the youngest (Class 0) protostellar system L1157. At an angular resolution of 5 arcseconds, we mapped its well-developed outflow in CO 2-1 over a span of approximately 5 arcminutes. Additionally, we imaged the central envelope with CO isotopes, CS, CN, and N2H+ with an angular resolution of about 2 arcseconds. We show that the bipolar outflow may be represented with a two jet model and constrain its physical properties such as precession/rotation directions, velocities, inclinations, and position angles via cube data fitting. In addition, we discuss the kinematic features of the envelope detected in CO isotopes and N2H+ and present the radius-dependent dust opacity spectral index.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.178-181
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• 1996

The Outflow facility of eye ball provides crucial informations in the diagnose of ophthalmological glaucoma. Tn this study an ophthalmic outflow facility measuring device is developed and experimentally tested. This system employs pressure sensors and linear positioning device to regulate solution reservoir height, the pressure of eye ball. The experimental result show that the system works well even in harsh environment so that it can be implemented in ophthalmic practice as well as in biomedical research.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.766-774
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• 1989

Four neonates with critical pulmonary outflow obstruction underwent emergency palliative operation between February 1988 and May 1989 at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital. There were three boys and one girl, the mean age was 12.25 days [ranging from 3 days to 26 days], and the mean body weight was 3,625 gm [ranging from 3,450 gm to 4,200 gm]. Two patients had severe pulmonic valvular stenosis with intact ventricular septum, a third had pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, and another had pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. All were cyanotic, showed arterial desaturation with metabolic acidosis, and had congestive heart failure. To relieve the pulmonary outflow tract obstruction, we performed transventricular pulmonary valvulotomy [Brock operation] with a mosquito clamp in all cases without extracorporeal circulation. Three patients survived the operation and showed satisfactory postoperative results. The patient who had pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect expired 5 days after surgery. We consider transventricular pulmonary valvulotomy [Brock operation] with a mosquito clamp as one of the preferable procedures for critical pulmonary outflow obstruction in the neonatal period.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.196-196
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• 2016

Landslide dam failure presents as a severe natural disaster due to its adverse impact to people and property. If the landslide dams failed, the discharge of a huge volume of both water and sediment could result in a catastrophic flood in the downstream area. In most of previous studies, breaching process used to be considered as a constructed dam, rather than as a landslide dam. Their erosion rate was assumed to relate to discharge by a sediment transport equation. However, during surface erosion of landslide dam, the sediment transportation regime is greatly dependent on the slope surface and the sediment concentration in the flow. This study aims to accurately simulate the outflow hydrograph caused by landslide dam by overtopping through a 2D surface flow erosion/deposition model. The lateral erosion velocity in this model was presented as a function of the shear stress on the side wall. The simulated results were then compared and it was coherent with the results obtained from the experiments.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.290-293
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• 2023

Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PAIVS) is a rare congenital heart disease that often needs a critical decision on whether to open the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Significant morbidity and considerable mortality might preclude the safe use of percutaneous or surgical right ventricular decompression in patients with muscular PAIVS. We report the case of a 21-day-old neonate weighing less than 3 kg who underwent hybrid RVOT stent insertion as initial palliation for muscular PAIVS and subsequent anatomical correction at 5 months of age, with 6 years of follow-up.

• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.57.2-57.2
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• 2020

We observed the Class I protostar TMC-1A in polarized dust emission at 1.3 mm at a spatial resolution of ~40 au using ALMA. Previous observations revealed a disk (r~100 au), surrounded by an infalling envelope, and a CO outflow going in the north-south direction in TMC-1A. Our observations detected polarized dust emission in a central region (r~50 au) and ~100 au north and south of the central protostar. The former polarization is likely due to self-scattering because of the polarization direction along the disk minor axis, the polarization fraction independent of Stokes I, and a high optical thickness. The latter polarization is roughly in the outflow region. The position and direction, particularly in the north, imply multiple possible mechanisms: magnetically or mechanically aligned dust grains in the outflow or in an accretion flow.

• 환경생물
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2000

조하대 각 정점에서 중형저서동물의 그룹별 조성을 보면 총 22개의 그룹이 출현하였다. 배수갑문 바로 앞의 정점에서는 방류 하루 후, 방류 일주일 후가 방류 하루 전에 비해 중형저서동물군집의 각 개체군의 개체수가 다른 정점에 비해 현저하게 감소함을 나타냈다. 우점하고 있는 분류군은 방류 하루 전에는 저서성 요각류가 가장 우점하고 있었고, 방류 하루 후에는 거의 출현하지 않는 현상을 보였다. 배수 갑문으로부터 약간 떨어진 정점에서는 앞의 정점과 같이 급격한 감소를 보이지는 않았지만 개체수가 서서히 감소하고 있음을 나타냈다. 이 정점에서는 모든 시기에 있어 항상 선충류가 가장 우점하고 있었고, 그 다음으로 저서성 요각류와 유공충류가 서로 번갈아 가며 우점하고 있음을 보였다. 배수갑문으로부터 가장 멀리 떨어진 정점에서는 방류 후에도 전체적으로 그 개체수 값은 떨어지지 않음을 보여준다. 수직분포를 보면 배수갑문 앞 정점에서는 전 시기에 있어서 저서성 요각류는 표층 0-1cm에 가장 많이 분포하고 있었다. 저서성 요각류는 퇴적물의 심도가 깊어질수록 급격한 감소를 보이고 전반적으로 퇴적물 내 2cm이하의 층에서는 거의 출현을 하지 않았다. 층 개체수를 보면 방류 전에는 표층 0-lcm에서 가장 높은 서식밀도를 보이고 심도가 증가함에 따라 개체수가 감소함을 나타내었으나, 방류 후에는 균일하지 않은 양상을 보여준다. 또한 방류 전에는 표층에 저서성 요각류가 400개체/10$\textrm{cm}^2$ 이상 우점하고 있었지만 방류 후에는 거의 출현하고 있지 않음을 나타내었다. N/C비는 정점 4에서 방류 하루 전 0.7의 아주 낮은 값에서 방류 하루 후 약 30배에 달하는 19.0의 높은 값을 나타냈다. 이에 비하여 정점 6과 7에 있어서는 방류 하루 후에는 오히려 약간의 감소를 보이다가 방류 일주일 후 아주 높은 값을 보였다. 조간대 방아머리 갯벌의 경우는 정점 1에서만 일반적인 값을 보이고, 정점 2에서 아주 높은 값인 191.3을 나타냈다. 결론적으로 시화호 방류수는 중형저서동물군집에 직접적이며 상대적으로 아주 짧은 시간에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 특징은 중형저서동물이 장ㆍ단기적인 오염의 영향을 파악하기에 아주 유효한 대상 생물임을 시사한다.