• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.965-971
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of core strengthening training on baseball throwing. A total of 14 subjects were recruited from among middle school baseball players. The main outcome measures were as follows: speed guns were used to measure the velocity of baseballs thrown; scored targets were used to measure throwing accuracy; and 50m measuring tapes were used to measure throwing distances. It was found that core strengthening training improved the velocity of baseballs thrown and throwing accuracy and distance. Thus, core strengthening training is effective for improving the throwing ability of baseball players.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.565-573
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• 2014

Purpose: Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) launched an Acute Myocardial Infarction(AMI) assessment for the Payment For Performance(Quality Incentives) Pilot Project from July 2007. Assessment measures of AMI were composed of five process measures and one outcome measure, and each measure was incorporated into one composite quality score to Pay for Performance. Method: For calculation of composite quality score, we considered weighting for the measures using the Delphi method. The questionnaire was composed of three measure groups, 'Reperfusion rate'(Fibrolytic therapy received within 60 minutes of hospital arrival, Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention within 120 minutes of hospital arrival), 'Medication prescription rate'(Aspirin at arrival, Aspirin prescribed at discharge, Beta-blocker prescribed at discharge) and 'Survival Index'(30-day mortality rate). Result: A panel composed of 18 and completed a questionnaire by allocation of 10 scores to the three above mentioned measure groups. The Delphi was carried out until three rounds of surveys. In conclusion, each measure group was weighted differently and the 10 scores were allocated as 4.5 to 'Reperfusion rate', 2.5 to 'Medication prescription rate', and 3.0 to 'Survival Index'. Conclusion: The results of this study proposed the calculation method for weighting of Acute Myocardial Infarction quality indicators.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.150-164
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• 2017

The development of an appropriate public service quality model has become increasingly recognised as an important subject of interest in the public sector as well as academia. In particular, the public systems enacted by governments are widely used and have a significant impact on national competitiveness. But few researches have been conducted to explore the quality dimensions of a public system service and empirically examine the relationship among related variables. Therefore, in this study, we strive to develop a quality measurement model of public system service that can be effectively used in practice. Using 601 samples gathered through a structured survey from project engineers, a conceptual quality model of public system is presented and discussed. Given the exploratory nature of this study, an exploratory factor analysis is used to investigate quality dimensions and partial least square (PLS) is employed in determining the structural relationships. From empirical results, we found that the quality dimensions of the public system had four distinct quality dimensions (design quality, environment quality, primary outcome quality, additive outcome quality). All four quality dimensions showed good representative factors in explaining user satisfaction. Perceived trust was proved to significantly mediate the relationship between quality dimensions and user satisfaction. Our research is expected to contribute to the literature by providing a good conceptual framework for assessing public system quality by linking four quality dimensions with user satisfaction. In particular, the developed model can elaborately measure process quality and multi-functional outcome quality of the system by the supplementation of design quality and additive outcome quality respectively. Practical implications are also suggested on the basis of our analysis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2021

Objective : Several studies have reported inconsistent findings among countries on whether off-hour hospital presentation is associated with worse outcome in patients with acute stroke. However, its association is yet not clear and has not been thoroughly studied in Korea. We assessed nationwide administrative data to verify off-hour effect in different subtypes of acute stroke in Korea. Methods : We respectively analyzed the nationwide administrative data of National Emergency Department Information System in Korea; 7144 of ischemic stroke (IS), 2424 of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and 1482 of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), respectively. "Off-hour hospital presentation" was defined as weekends, holidays, and any times except 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM on weekdays. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality in different subtypes of acute stroke. We adjusted for covariates to influence the primary outcome using binary logistic regression model and Cox's proportional hazard model. Results : In subjects with IS, off-hour hospital presentation was associated with unfavorable outcome (24.6% off hours vs. 20.9% working hours, p<0.001) and in-hospital mortality (5.3% off hours vs. 3.9% working hours, p=0.004), even after adjustment for compounding variables (hazard ratio [HR], 1.244; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.106-1.400; HR, 1.402; 95% CI, 1.124-1.747, respectively). Off-hours had significantly more elderly ≥65 years (35.4% off hours vs. 32.1% working hours, p=0.029) and significantly more frequent intensive care unit admission (32.5% off hours vs. 29.9% working hours, p=0.017) than working hours. However, off-hour hospital presentation was not related to poor short-term outcome in subjects with ICH and SAH. Conclusion : This study indicates that off-hour hospital presentation may lead to poor short-term morbidity and mortality in patients with IS, but not in patients with ICH and SAH in Korea. Excessive death seems to be ascribed to old age or the higher severity of medical conditions apart from that of stroke during off hours.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-160
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• 2021

Background: Theoretically, balance is affected by the height of center of mass (COM) during quiet standing. However, no one examined this in humans with variables derived from the center of pressure (COP). Objects: We have conducted balance experiment to measure COP data during quiet standing, in order to examine how the COP measures were affected by the height of COM, vision, floor conditions, and gender. Methods: Twenty individuals stood still with feet together and arms at sides for 30 seconds on a force plate. Trials were acquired with three COM heights: 1% increased or decreased, and not changed, with two vision conditions: eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO), and with two floor conditions: unstable (foam pad) and stable (force plate) floor. Outcome variables included the mean distance, root mean square distance, total excursion, mean velocity, and 95% confidence circle area. Results: All outcome variables were associated with the COM height (p < 0.0005), vision (p < 0.0005), and floor condition (p < 0.003). The mean velocity and 95% confidence circle area were 5.7% and 21.8% greater, respectively, in raised COM than in lowered COM (24.6 versus 23.2 mm/s; 1,013.4 versus 832.3 mm²). However, there were no interactions between the COM height and vision condition (p > 0.096), and between the COM height and floor condition (p > 0.183) for all outcome variables. Furthermore, there was no gender difference in all outcome variables (p > 0.186). Conclusion: Balance was affected by the change of COM height induced by a weight belt in human. However, the effect was not affected by vision or floor condition. Our results should inform the design of balance exercise program to improve the outcome of the balance training.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to establish outcome validity for three instruments that assess whether subjects met recommendations for daily servings of fruits and vegetables for“Stage of Change”research. A convenience sample of 294 college students was recruited from introductory nutrition classes at Michigan State University in the United States. To measure servings of fruits and vegetables, separately, three types of methods (self-rated intake, 24-hour recall and food frequency) were used in comparison to the servings from a three-day food record, the criterion used. The outcome validity was assessed based on whether or not at least two servings of fruits and three servings of vegetables were reported. Validity was assessed by sensitivity, to measure the ability to detect low intakes, and by specificity, to measure ability to detect adequate intakes. Cohen's kappa was used as well to examine the agreement between the three methods and a three-day food record. The results showed, for fruits, the 24-hour recall had the best agreement (recall 0.54, self-rated : 0.31, food frequency : 0.29) with a three-day food record for servings consumed by people in pre-action or post-action stages. Sensitivity for fruit was also best using a recall (0.81). For vegetables, however, all three methods had low agreement (food frequency : 0.27, recall : 0.21, self-rated : 0.17) with the results of the three-day food record. Self-rated intakes for vegetables had the best sensitivity (0.66) and the food frequency had the best specificity (0.73). Therefore, researcher can use the 24-hour recall method to identify people who consume inadequate servings of fruit. To detect adequate vegetable intake, the food frequency was best of the three methods. Accuracy may be improved by probing for vegetables in mixed dishes and on sandwiches. (J Community Nutrition 4(3)： 143∼150, 2002)

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.110-118
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• 2010

Purpose: To develop outcome indicators of urinary incontinence to measure quality of care in long term care hospitals in Korea. Methods: The draft indicators of urinary incontinence were developed from a literature review and clinical expert panel. A survey of medical records of 280 patients in 20 hospitals was conducted to test inter-rater reliability. Statistical analysis was done to test risk adjustment criteria, variation between hospitals, and stability of indicators, using assessment data from 77,918 patients in 623 hospitals. Results: The inter-rater reliability of items was high (Kappa range: 0.66- 0.92). Severe cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR]: 3.15, confidence interval [CI]: 3.03-3.26) and total mobility activities of daily living (ADLs) dependency (OR: 4.85, CI: 4.72-4.98) increased the prevalence of urinary incontinence, thus they proved to be significant criteria to stratify high and low risk groups. The prevalence for low risk showed more substantial variation than the high risk group. The indicators were stable over one month. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of outcome indicators of urinary incontinence. Improving the reliability of the patient assessment tool and refining the indicators through validation study is a must for future study.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.359-378
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• 2015

This study intends to provide strategic implication for enhancing trade show's competitiveness by analyzing its structural relationships among service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. In order to measure service quality factors influencing customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, the empirical analysis was conducted on three kinds of service quality (physical environment quality, interaction quality, outcome quality). The study results indicated that all of the physical environment quality, interaction quality and outcome quality had positive impacts on customer satisfaction. In relationship between service quality factors and customer loyalty, interaction quality and outcome quality showed positive impacts on customer loyalty, whereas physical environment quality did not. The customer satisfaction turned out to have positive impact on customer loyalty.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

This paper aims to explore the small and medium sized enterprises'(SMEs') technological innovation through an open innovative strategy. Researchers have identified open innovation as external search 'breadth' and 'depth'. Although an open innovation strategy is well known as an effective way for SMEs' innovation, this stream of research examines differences between pursuing breadth of external knowledge and depth of external knowledge for SEMs' innovation. The sample comprises a total of 1106 SMEs included in the Korean Innovation Survey, and logistic regression analysis and odds ratio comparison were used to evaluate the relationship between external knowledge search and innovation outcomes. The results show that both 'breadth' and 'depth' positively affect the SMEs' innovation. When SMEs are simultaneously pursuing external searching for breadth and depth, however, a negative result on innovation outcome followed because of the lack of their internal resources and capacities. Despite these contributions, we have certain limitations that can be regarded as means of future research. Even though breadth and depth are adopted to measure the way of how a firm sources the external knowledge, companies may place the different weight on each source of knowledge. And also, it is difficult to understand how the knowledge gained through external search contributes to a firm's incremental and radical innovation, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.249-259
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the patient characteristics significantly affecting nursing outcomes and their predictability in gastrointestinal surgery patients. Method: The subjects were 149 abdominal surgery patients from 3 general surgical nursing units of 3 general hospitals. Two instruments were used to measure nursing outcomes and acuity of the subjects. The nursing outcomes were measured at post-operation 4 and 7days using review of patients' records, observation of patients, and interviews with patients by a trained nurse. For data analysis, T-test or ANOVA, Pearson Correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression were done. Result: Age, severity score, diagnosis, cancer or not, operation site were the subjects' characteristics that were significantly related to the nursing outcomes in both post-operation 4 and 7days. Cancer or not, age, diagnosis and severity score were the significant predictors for the scores of nursing outcome in post-operation 4days and the predictability was 34.9%. The predictability of cancer or not was highest, 22.6%. Age, diagnosis and cancer or not were the significant predictors for the scores of nursing outcome in post-operation 7days and the predictability was 27.8%. The predictability of age was highest, 17.3%. Conclusions: The patient characteristics affecting nursing outcomes should be considered when nursing care is planned and provided. Especially, careful attention should be given to the patients with cancer and older age. And, these patient characteristics should be adjusted for correct estimation of the effectiveness of nursing interventions on nursing outcomes.