• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2023

Objectives: National health insurance herbal prescription of Korean medicine has been serving important role in public healthcare in spite of continuous demand on revision of system. However, the categories of insurance herbal prescriptions are not equally distributed throughout the KCD-based major disease categories. We analyzed statistical database of claimed national health insurance classified as major disease categories by years. We classified all 56 herbal prescriptions as per their total medical indications into 22 major disease categories to analyze their distribution. Significant increase of M and S-T code claims were found, whereas decrease of U code claims by years. We figured out that the 56 prescriptions were unequally distributed along with enrichment of certain codes such as K and J. Meanwhile, the insurance claim of each prescription was positively correlated with number of code types of their indications. As a result, we believe that the reform of national health insurance herbal prescription list is necessary to promote use of it in clinic.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2789-2802
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• 2020

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are attracting wide attention due to their outstanding performance, extensive studies have been carried out for lead-based fast reactors (LFRs) that cooled with Lead or Lead-bismuth (LBE), and small modular natural circulation LFR is one of the promising candidates for SMRs and LFRs development. One of the challenges for the design small modular natural circulation LFR is to master the natural circulation thermal-hydraulic performance in the reactor primary circuit, while the natural circulation characteristics is a coupled thermal-hydraulic problem of the core thermal power, the primary loop layout and the operating state of secondary cooling system etc. Thus, accurate predicting the natural circulation LFRs thermal-hydraulic features are highly required for conducting reactor operating condition evaluate and Thermal hydraulic design optimization. In this study, a thermal-hydraulic analysis code is developed for small modular natural circulation LFRs, which is based on several mathematical models for natural circulation originally. A small modular natural circulation LBE cooled fast reactor named URANUS developed by Korea is chosen to assess the code's capability. Comparisons are performed to demonstrate the accuracy of the code by the calculation results of MARS, and the key thermal-hydraulic parameters agree fairly well with the MARS ones. As a typical application case, steady-state analyses were conducted to have an assessment of thermal-hydraulic behavior under nominal condition, and several parameters affecting natural circulation were evaluated. What's more, two characteristics parameters that used to analyze natural circulation LFRs natural circulation capacity were established. The analyses show that the core thermal power, thermal center difference and flow resistance is the main factors affecting the reactor natural circulation. Improving the core thermal power, increasing the thermal center difference and decreasing the flow resistance can significantly increase the reactor mass flow rate. Characteristics parameters can be used to quickly evaluate the natural circulation capacity of natural circulation LFR under normal operating conditions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2022

Buckling is one of the most critical phoneme in the design of steel structures. Lateral torsional buckling (LTB) is particularly significant for slender beams generally subjected to loading in plane. The web distortion effects on LTB are not addressed explicitly in standards for flexural design of steel I-section members. Hence, the present study is focused to predict the influence of the web distortion on the elastic (L_r) limiting lengths given in American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) code for the lateral torsional buckling (LTB) behavior of steel beams due to no provision in the code for consideration of web distortion. For this aim, the W44x335 beam is adopted in the buckling analysis carried out by the ABAQUS finite element (FE) program since it is one of the most critical sections in terms of lateral torsional buckling (LTB). The strain results at mid-height of the web at mid-span of the beam are taken into account as the monitoring parameters. The web strain results are found to be relatively greater than the yield strain value when L/L_r is equal to 1.0. In other words, the ratio of L/L_r is estimated from the numerical analysis to be about 1.5 when the beam reaches its first yielding at mid-span of the beam at mid-height of the section. Due to the effect of web distortion, the elastic limiting length (L_r) from the numerical analysis is obtained to be considered as greater than the calculated length from the code formulation. It is suggested that the formulations of the limiting length proposed in the code can be corrected considering the influence of the web distortion. This correction can be a modification factor or a shape factor that reduces sectional slenderness for the LTB formulation in the code.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2019

The grade of East Asian architecture is generally classified by the size, the shape of the roof, and the type of bracket set. The craftsmanship of columns, beam, purlin, stylobate, column base stone and paintwork is also a contributing factor for such classifications. These classifications can be found not only in historical documents such as 「Oksajo(屋舍條)」 of 『Samguksagi(三國史記)』 but also in 「house details regulations of residential architecture(家舍規制)」 of Joseon Dynasty. However, there are differences in detailed designs among the same grade of architecture regardless of the classification. In this research, the Palace, the Royal Residence(宮家), and the Jaesil(齋室) are considered as the Palatial Buildings and Royal Residences. And the advanced architectural o details which appear only in the Royal Architectures are defined as the 'The Architectural Crafts as a Code of Manners'. The Architectural Crafts as a Code of Manners is detailed design, which can be seen as fabrication of materials and supplementary factors. The Architectural Crafts as a Code of Manners used in the Palatial Buildings and Royal Residences reveal the types and their historical changes. This research will present a basis for the repair and restoration of cultural heritages to be carried out in the future, and also prevent them from further damages, thus help to preserve the cultural heritages.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.124-133
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• 2022

하드웨어 기술이 발달하고 수치 모델 방식이 고도화됨에 따라 더욱 정밀한 기상예보를 진행할 수 있게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 CESM의 간소화 버전인 SCAM에 포함된 적운모수화 코드 (Unicon, Fortran)를 최적화하고 유지보수성을 증가시키기 위해 Loop Vectorization, Dependency Vectorization, Code Modernization 3가지가 결합한 Unicon Optimization 기법을 제안하고 이를 테스트 하기 위하여 SCAM 전체 실행 구조도를 제시하였다. 본 논문에서는 구축한 SCAM 실행 환경에서 논문에서 제안한 Unicon Optimization 기법을 테스트 하였고 기존 소스 코드 대비 Loop Vectorization은 3.086% Dependency Vectorization은 0.4572% 성능 향상을 이끌어 냈다. 그리고 이를 모두 적용한 Unicon Optimization의 경우 기존 소스 코드 대비 3.457%의 성능 향상을 이끌어 냈다. 이는 본 논문에서 제안한 Unicon Optimization 기법이 우수한 성능을 제공하고 있음을 입증한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.661-673
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• 2020

The quarter-core simulation of BEAVRS Cycle 2 depletion benchmark has been conducted using the MCS/CTF coupling system. MCS/CTF is a cycle-wise Picard iteration based inner-coupling code system, which couples sub-channel T/H (thermal/hydraulic) code CTF as a T/H solver in Monte Carlo neutron transport code MCS. This coupling code system has been previously applied in the BEAVRS benchmark Cycle 1 full-core simulation. The Cycle 2 depletion has been performed with T/H feedback based on the spent fuel materials composition pre-generated by the Cycle 1 depletion simulation using refueling capability of MCS code. Meanwhile, the MCS internal one-dimension T/H solver (MCS/TH1D) has been also applied in the simulation as the reference. In this paper, an analysis of the detailed criticality boron concentration and the axially integrated assembly-wise detector signals will be presented and compared with measured data based on the real operating physical conditions. Moreover, the MCS/CTF simulated results for neutronics and T/H parameters will be also compared to MCS/TH1D to figure out their difference, which proves the practical application of MCS into the BEAVRS benchmark two-cycle depletion simulations.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.551-560
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• 2012

The Wolsong-1 (W-1) Phase-B pre-simulations were carried out in preparation for tests to be conducted for the restart of the reactor after a major refurbishment project that included replacement of the pressure tube. These pre-simulations for Wolsong-1 Phase-B differ from those in the past that were performed for the Wolsong-1,2,3,4 tests in that these tests use the WIMS/DRAGON/RFSP-IST code suite for verification of the tests and gadolinium instead of the traditional PPV/MULTICELL/RFSP code system and boron as poison in the moderator system. The use of gadolinium is deemed not to have domestically accumulated experience gained from the previous Phase-B tests. Thus, it is appropriate to conduct a study in order to gain a correct understanding and interpretation of potential differences in test results stemming from using gadolinium rather than boron. Although the calibration of the reactivity device will not be noticeably different using boron and gadolinium at a constant moderator temperature, the temperature dependency of the neutronic behavior due to the presence of gadolinium in the moderator system might be pronounced. The results of the pre-simulations using gadolinium revealed that the moderator temperature reactivity coefficients indeed showed significant differences in comparison with those with boron. In order to secure the validity of the analysis results, the newly acquired WIMS/DRAGON/RFSP-IST code suite was verified against the W-2,3,4 Phase-B test results. The results of the new code suite verifications revealed some overall improvements in accuracy; justification of the use of the code can be claimed for the validation of the W-1 Phase-B test results.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2019

이 연구에서는 국내 도로교 한계상태설계법에서 콘크리트부재의 설계를 위하여 적용하고 있는 재료계수의 문제점을 제기하고, 잘 정립된 최적화 과정에 의한 재료계수를 제안하였다. 신뢰도분석을 통하여 현 설계기준의 하중계수와 제안 재료계수가 목표신뢰도지수 보다 높은 신뢰도수준을 확보하고 있음을 보이고, 역신뢰도해석을 통하여 목표신뢰도지수를 잘 근사할 수 있는 하중계수를 제시하였다. 유로코드에서 제시하고 있는 기본 개념에 근거하여 신뢰도기반 하중-재료계수 결정법을 정식화하였다. 제안된 접근법이 신뢰도개념에 의하여 유도되었지만, 이 접근법에 의하여 계산된 하중-재료 계수가 목표신뢰도지수를 정확히 만족시키지 못하는 요인으로서 재료와 부재간에 존재하는 불확실성의 차이를 지적하고, 이러한 차이를 고려하지 않는 유로코드의 개념적 문제점을 제기하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.791-808
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• 2013

The main purpose of this paper is to develop seismic fragility curves for existing reinforced concrete, RC, buildings based on the post earthquake field survey and the seismic performance using capacity design. Existing RC buildings constitute approximately 65% of the total stock in Algiers. This type of buildings, RC, was widely used in the past and chosen as the structural type for the future construction program of more than 2 millions apartments all over Algeria. These buildings, suffered moderate to extensive damage after the 2003 Boumerdes earthquake, on May 21st. The determination of analytical seismic fragility curves for low-rise and mid-rise existing RC buildings was carried out based on the consistent and complete post earthquake survey after that event. The information on the damaged existing RC buildings was investigated and evaluated by experts. Thirty four (34) communes (districts) of fifty seven (57), the most populated and affected by earthquake damage were considered in this study. Utilizing the field observed damage data and the Japanese Seismic Index Methodology, based on the capacity design method. Seismic fragility curves were developed for those buildings with a large number data in order to get a statistically significant sample size. According to the construction period and the code design, four types of existing RC buildings were considered. Buildings designed with pre-code (very poor structural behavior before 1955), Buildings designed with low code (poor structural behavior, between 1955-1981), buildings designed with medium code (moderate structural behavior, between 1981-1999) and buildings designed with high code (good structural behavior, after 1999).

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.68-80
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• 2002

최신 마이크로프로세서에서 성능 최적화된 수치 코드를 작성하는 접근법을 제시하였다. 국소화로 지칭한 이 코드 최적화 방법은 모든 최신 마이크로프로세서에서 채용되는 2차 캐시의 사용을 최대화하고 시스템의 주기억장치에 대한 접근을 최소화하는 개념이다. 본 연구에서는 유체역학 문제의 해결을 위한 LU-SGS 해법을 3 단계에 걸쳐 국소화 하였으며, 요즈음 널리 이용되고 있는 여러 가지 마이크로프로세서들에 대해 시험을 수행하였다. 국소 최적화 개념의 시험 결과는, 컴퓨터 시스템에 따라서는, 같은 컴퓨터에서 완전히 동일한 해를 기본 알고리즘에 비해 7.35배까지 빨리 얻을 수 있는 주목할 만한 성능을 보여 주었다.