• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.223-236
• /
• 2013

The paper presents an experimental set-up for osmotic membrane distillation, which can be operated continuously for several weeks. NaCl solutions were used as an osmotic solution. The influence of osmotic solution concentration on the obtained permeate flux is presented. The experimental set-up was equipped with a system for the regeneration of dilute brine. The regeneration was carried out using a method of natural evaporation to the air surrounding the installation. The evaporation area was created by the Białecki rings, assembled in the form of tower. The obtained evaporation rate was sufficient to maintain a constant NaCl concentration (over 300 g/L), for air with the relative humidity in the range of 30-80%. Accurel PP S6/2 hydrophobic polypropylene membranes were used in the study. The membranes exhibited 100% rejection for 600 h of the process duration.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.353-358
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 막 접촉기에서 운전조건에 따른 암모니아 제거 특성에 대해 알아보았다. 물질 전달 계수를 이용하여 각 조건에서의 암모니아 제거효율을 정량적으로 비교하였다. PTFE 재질의 막을 이용한 본 시스템에서 빠른 시간 내에 효율적으로 암모니아 탈기가 가능하였다. 여러 가지 운전조건 항목 중에서 접촉시간과 용액의 pH가 전체 제거 효율에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다른 가압 방식의 막 분리 공정과는 다르게 본 공정에서는 유입수의 고형물질에 의해 효율이 감소하는 현상은 발견되지 않았다. 또한, 삼투 증류(osmotic distillation)에 의해 물질 전달 효율이 감소하는 현상은 흡수용액의 온도를 증가시키는 것으로 해결할 수 있었다. 본 연구에 사용한 막 접촉기 시스템은 유입수와 흡수용액(stripping solution)의 유속, 유입수의 pH 등을 최적화 할 경우에 고농도 암모니아 제거에 효과적으로 사용할 수 있을 것이라 예상된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2012

This study investigates the complete removal of nitrate and the recovery of valuable ammonium salt by the combination of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) and a membrane contactor system. The NZVI used for the experiments was prepared by chemical reduction without a stabilizing agent. The main end-product of nitrate reduction by NZVI was ammonia, and the solution pH was stably maintained around 10.5. Effective removal of ammonia was possible with the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane contactor system in all tested conditions. Among the various operation parameters including influent pH, concentration, temperature, and contact time, contact time and solution pH showed significant effects on the ammonia removal mechanism. Also, the osmotic distillation phenomena that deteriorate the mass transfer efficiency could be minimized by pre-heating the influent wastewater. The ammonia removal rate could be maximized by optimizing operation conditions and changing the membrane configuration. The combination of NZVI and the membrane contactor system could be a solution for nitrate removal and the recovery of valuable products.