• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2006

Background and purpose: Well being which emphasizes peace of mind and richness of spirit, has been already used from several thousands years ago, as the name of Yangsaeng(養生) when we regard it in the view point of oriental medicine. Yangsaeng means a person's daily life according to natural rules in order to compensate his essence qi spirit(精氣神) and to prevent and cure his disease for his long life, and there are environment, spirit, qigong, food, dwelling labor, sleeping and sexual intercourse as its methods. But in Korea, we are mainly using the health and concept of the health management and use of it, with the one developed in Western. Thus, in this study, literature study was made for the situation of research and feature of Yangsaeng method. Among them, I tried to study mainly on adapting method of Exercise Yangsaeng and its possibility which can derive harmonious development of Spirit and body for human body, in the view point of identity(整體觀). Methods: Diploma thesis and words of 'Yangsaeng', 'exercise cure', 'exercise therapy', and 'exercise prescription', in 'KERIS(Korea Education & Research Iformation Service).' Results and conclusion: In this study, in order to adapt oriental method of Yangsaeng to the reality, I selected and researched only Exercise Yangsaeng among various Yangsaeng methods including environment, spirit, qigong, food, dwelling labor, sleeping and sexual intercourse. The Exercise Yangsaeng has its advantage that it ran train both mind and body as well as it has various programs, but it is regarded at it is in need of more study as lows; First, it requires assessment on the effect of construction itself as well as degree management of Excercise Yangsaeng as a method of exercise which is being done in daily life or in the literature. Second, above all, standardization of Yangsaeng Exercise and specialized programs are required in order to introduce the Exercise Yangsaeng which was verified for its effect, to the cure of disease. Third, researches are required for the system of assessment management for measurement of relative effect of standardized programs. fourth, continuous compensation is required in the future by adapting researched and developed programs into the field.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

This paper is focused on the 'contents' of database level medical texts sponsored by the Chinese government. The premise of the study is that the contents of state-sponsored medical texts would show how medical policy makers and practitioners approached the body and diseases of the time, and by association the medical text would reveal the policy associated with state medical education and distribution of medical resources associated with the practitioners' approaches. This paper analyzes the contents of four representative state-sponsored medical texts: Cao's Treatise on the Origins and Symptoms of Various Diseases (巢氏諸病源候論, 610, Sui China); Great Peace and Sagely Benevolence Formulas (太平聖惠方, 996, Song China); Complete Record of Sagely Benevolence (聖濟總錄, 1117, Song China); Formulas for Universal Relief (普濟方, 1406, Ming China).

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.123-142
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• 2018

Objectives : This paper aims to study the I-Ching perspective in Shanghansuyuanji. Methods : Key words associated with I-Ching was searched in Shanghansuyuanji and analyzed its meaning and categorized thematically. Results & Conclusions : 1. Qianhuang symbolized Shaoyang, The Power of the Great hexagrams, Jueyin Peace hexagrams, Taiyin Gen Earth, Yangming Kun Earth, Shaoyin Return hexagrams, but didn't symbolize Taiyang, making it not uniform. 2. Qianhuang explained physiology focusing the change of YangQi with I-Ching perspective. This is possible because Shanghanlun thought that much of YangQi and I-Ching set a high value on Yang. 3. Qianhuang explained pathology such as insomnia, epigastric fullness, splenic constipation syndrome, Taiyinbing syndrome, somnolence, thirst, YinYang exchange with I-Ching perspective, it is meaningful because it enriches medical YinYanglun. 4. Qianhuang explained prescriptions such as Daqinglongtang, Zhenwutang, Shizaotang, Fuzixiexintang, Dachaihutang, Baihutang, a comparison between Daqinglongtang and Xiaoqinglongtang with I-Ching perspective. This is helpful to grasp the image of prescriptions. 5. Qianhuang explained nature of drugs such as Guizhi, Fuling, Fuzi, Qiandan, Rougui with I-Ching perspective, and it combines well with the features of I-Ching with drugs efficacy. 6. Qianhuang explained diseases of the six Meridians curing time with I-Ching perspective. This shows diseases of the six Meridians recover when Corresponding Qi is vigorous or Conflict Qi appears, and it is persuasive. For reasons mentioned above; Shanghansuyuanji is meaningful as Shanghanlun commentary.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-75
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• 1997

After examining the viewpoints of the mental cultivation of The yellow Emperor's Internal Bible(內徑), from the viewpoints of The yellow Emperor's Internal Bible, I studied the principles and methods of the mental cultivation(精神養生) which the Taoism School, the Confusian School and the past physicians proposed. And I studied the methods of mental cultivation of the child, the woman and the old by the differences of ages and sex. At the subject of health preservation(養生學) on the basis of concept of relevant adaptation of man to nature(天人相應思想), the mental cultivation(精神養生) was regard more important than the body cultivation(肉體養生) and it was considered that the success of health preservation depended on the state of mind. the basic principles of the mental cultivation is achivement of the mental internal keeping(精神內守) through the state of peace and tranquility without avarice and wild fancy(恬憺虛無). The ways of mental cultivation of the Taoism School, the Confusian School and the past physicians were in the category of The yellow Emperor's Internal Bible. 4. In the previous Jin dynasty(先秦時代), the important theoretical bases and practices to mental cultivation were made. In the Han dynasty(漢時代), the physicians attached importance to mental treaments. During the time from Sui dynasty to Tang Dynasty(隋唐時代), the mental cultivation was made perfect theoretically. During the Period from Song dynasty to Yuan Dynasty(宋元時代), Many methods of mental cultivation were newly created. During the Ming and the Qing Dynasties(明淸時代), the theory of health preservation and the methods of mental treaments were embodied. 5. Studying the mental cultivation by the differences of ages, the childhood(小兒期) is the spring of life. So the mental cultivation of this period put importance to the cultivation of Sh ng(養生). And the youth(靑年期) is the summer of life. So the mental cultivation of this period pill importance to the cultivation of Ch'ang(養長). And the middle age(中年期) is the autumn of life. So the mental cultivation of this period put imporance to the cultivation of Shou(養收). And the old age(老年期) is the winter of life. So the mental cultivation of this period put importance to the cultivation of Tsang(養藏). Studying the mental cultivation by the differences of sex, the man must do the mental cultivation through the dynamic nature(性情) of Yang(陽) and the woman must do the mental cultivation through the static nature of Yin(陰).

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제21집
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• pp.111-141
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• 2004

정완영의 고향의식 발현 양상은 두 가지로 나눠볼 수 있다. 첫째는 전원적 자연친화 공간이다. 전원적 자연친화 공간인 그의 지정학적인 고향은 김천이고, 그곳의 자연을 그리워하는 내용의 작품을 많이 쓰고 있다. 서정적이고, 전원적이며, 목가적인 면을 많이 발견할 수 있는 그의 작품은 그의 성장 환경이기도 하며, 고향은 정완영의 작품에 늘 그리움과 평화스러움, 정신적 안식을 주는 공간이 되고 있다. 전원적이며 자연적 고향은 어떠한 갈등도 나타나지 않고, 동양적 자연친화사상이 그 바탕이 되고 있다. 둘째로 정완영의 고향의식은 조손이 함께하는 안식공간이다. 정완영은 '고향이란 산 사람과 죽은 조상이 등을 맞대 사는 마을'이라고 정의하고 있는 만큼 그의 의식 속에는 고향은 조상과 자손이 함께 사는 공간으로 나타난다. 고향에 대한 그리움은 곧 부모에 대한 그리움이며, 형제자매의 동기와 어릴 적 친구들에 대한 그리움으로 나타난다. 즉 고향이란 조상의 산소가 있고 부모와 형제와 친지가 있는 亐이며, 이들과 함께 하던 삶이 있던 공간으로 인식되는 정완영의 작품에서는 고향은 영원한 모성적인 모습을 지니고 있다.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제59호
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• pp.425-453
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• 2018

이 논문은 황성신문의 '동양' 인식에 관한 분석이다. 이질적 보편성과의 만남은 전통적 가치 체계와 지배 구조를 붕괴할 만큼 강력했다. 비서양으로서의 '동양'은 중화주의의 해체 및 일본중심주의의 생성을 담지한 지리개념이었다. 황성신문은 아한은 동양의 일원으로서 중국과 일본과는 순치보거(脣齒輔車)의 정족(鼎足)관계에 있다고 인식하였다. 또 황인종인 동양 삼국은 서양 백인종의 제국주의 침략에 대항할 문명적인 지역 권역으로 보았다. 특히 문명 선진국인 일본을 동양 평화를 실현할 맹주로 용인하였다. 황성신문은 근대를 인종대결시대로 파악하고 백인종인 서양의 이문(異文)에 대항하여 동종동주동문론(同種同洲同文論)을 이론화하였다. 하지만 서양중심주의를 재생산하고자 했던 동양주의는 일본이 자국을 중심으로 지역질서를 재편하고 제국주의적 침략을 정당화하려는 수단에 불과했다. 그럼에도 불구하고 황성신문은 일본 중심의 연대를 통해 독립과 동양평화를 실현할 수 있다고 파악하였다. 러일전쟁 이후 일본의 침략이 본격화되었지만, 황성신문은 일본이 동종상수(同種相愛)와 인국(隣國)의 우의(友誼) 및 동양 맹주로서의 덕의(德義)를 실천하지 않는다고 비판하는데 그쳤다. 이는 황성신문이 일본의 동양주의가 제국주의 침략을 은폐하기 위한 하나의 전략이었음을 간파하지 못한 한계를 노정했다고 평가할 수 있다. 제국주의침략에 대한 통절한 자기비판 없이 반복되는 일본의 동양주의는 아시아공동체를 가로막고 있는 가장 근본적인 걸림돌이다. 자국중심주의에 대한 성찰 없이 아시아공동체를 논의하는 것은 불가능하다. 일본 중심의 군국적(軍國的) 동양주의와 중국의 자국 우월적 중화주의가 궁극적으로 팽창적 민족주의의 다른 이름이라면 그것은 유학적 본질인 인(仁)에 위배된다.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.109-140
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• 2006

Background: In practicing qigong, People must achieve three Points : adjust their Posture, control their breathing and have a peace of mind. That is, Cho-Sin [調身] , Cho-Sik [調息] , Cho-Sim [調心] . Slow respiration is the important pattern of respiration to improve the human health. However, unsuitable breathing training have been occurred to mental disorder such as insomnia, anorexia etc. So, we think that the breathing training to consider the individual variations are desired. Objectives: We performed this study to examine the physiological effects of controlled respiration on the normal range of frequency domain electroencephalogram(EEC) in healthy subjects Also, to study examine individual variations according to the physiological effects between controlled respiration and Han-Yeol [寒熱] , respiration period, gender and age-related groups on the EEC in healthy subjects. Methods: When the subjects controlled the time of breathing (inspiration and expiration time) consciously, compared with natural respiration, and that their physiological phenomena are measured by EEC. In this research we used breathing time as in a qigong training (The Six-Word Excise) and observed physiological phenomena of the controlled natural respiration period with the ratio of seven to three(longer inspiration) and three to seven(longer expiration) . We determined, heat-cold score by Han-Yeol [寒熱] questionnaire, average of natural respiration period, according to decade, EEC of 140 healthy subjects (14 to 68 years old; 38 males, 102 females) by means of alpha, beta spectral relative power. Results: 1) In Controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\alpha}\;I\;(Fp2)\;and\;{\beta}$ I (Fpl, Fp2, F3, F4) decreased on the EEC. 2) In controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\beta}$ I (Fpl, Fp2, F3, F4) increased with cold group, ${\alpha}/{\beta}$(F3) decreased with heat group, ${\alpha}$ I (Fp2)increased with cold group in longer inspiration. But by means of compound effects, ${\alpha}$ II(F3) increased with cold group in longer inspiration, the other side ${\alpha}$ I (F3) decreased with heat group in controlled respiration on the EEC. 3) In controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\alpha}$ I (Fp2) decreased with decreased-respiratory-rate(D.R.R.) group, ${\beta}$ I (Fpl, Fp2, F3, F4) increased with D.R.R. and D.R.R. groups, ${\alpha}/{\beta}$(F3) decreased with D.R.R. group. But by means of compound effects, in controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\alpha}/{\beta}$(F3) decreased with D.R.R. group on the EEG. 4) In controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\beta}$ I (Fpl, F3, F4) increased with female cup, ${\beta}$ I (Fp2) increased with male and female groups, ${\alpha}/{\beta}$(F3) decreased with male group. But by means of compound effects, in controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\alpha}$ I (Fp2) increased with female group on the EEC. 5) Compared with the natural respiration, in longer expiration ${\alpha}$ I (Fp2) increased in their forties group, in longer inspiration ${\alpha}$ I (Fp2) increased in their fifties group. But by means of compound effects, in controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\beta}$ I (Fpl) decreased in teens group on the EEG.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.387-410
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to approach to the internal meanings included in the Happening and the culture of hippies, by analysing the basic mental conditions in the process of the Happening. And this study was composed of the concept and the development of Happening, the characteristics of the hippies that related in the midst of the happening's background, and the formativeness between these factors and hippies'fashion. Since the happening a genre of fine arts expression attended the New School for social research in New York in 1954, Allan Kaprow direct-influenced by John Cage used the word 'Hapening'first, practicing '18 Happenings in 6 parts'at the Rueben gallery in 1959. Kaprow's 18 Happenings was one of the earliest opportunities for a wider public to attend the live events that several artists had performed more privately for various friends. Despite the very different sensibilities and structures of artist's works, artists were all thrown together by the press under the general heading of 'Happening', following Kaprow's 18 Happenings. Being considered as the root of the Happening 'Expression of Sound'of John Cage was the discovery of the exisiting thing- the Happening. Most artists were to be deeply influenced by Cage's theories and attitudes-that is, his sympathy for Zen Buddihism and oriental philosophy-and by reports of the Black Mountain events. These events would directly reflect contemporary painting and stemmed from the Futurists, Dadaists and Surrealists. And Happening's development background was based on the culture of hippies. Swinging London had been under the sway of psychedelic drugs and utopian visions of 'hippie'wave sweeping in from Califonia. This wave, which affected solid middle-class youth first and formost, began in Haight Ashbury in San Francisco. Without dwelling on the hippie movement here, it is worth nothing that it resulted from the convergence of several undercurrents : consciousness-expending drugs, the anti-Vietnam war developments, the impact of English pop groups on American music and the rise of protest songs, and finally the beatnik tradition of non-conformism. Hippie culture and its pursuit of love, peace and psychedelia was the antitheses of 1960s main street fashion. The media gave everyone with long hair the label of 'hippie', but it was always a very loose collage of attitudes and styles. The rejection of sexual taboos was conveyed by the hippie's refusal to wear. Although the bold exposure of body raised controversies because it went against the existing moral values, it has a significant implications. Psychedelics brought mind-expansion and the possibillity that modern technology (light show, synthesized electronic sounds), new fabrics or colors, and LSD could be utilized to provide an escape route from the dreariness of modern life. During the 1960s, traditional costumes, many of which had never been seen outside their native regions, became sought after and adopted in the West, initially by the young, who wanted to demonstrate their solidarity with cultures uncontaminated by mass industry. The most ardent proponents of such folk costumes were the hippies. Hippies dress was sometimes decribed as 'anti-fashion', produced by a patchwork of ragged cast-offs and flamboyant accessories, of outmoded Western dress and time-honored ethnic garments all combined, modified and permutated into variety of personal statements. 'Flower Power'became a reality. From the results of this study, we can see the expanding trend of the influence and the concept of the sew art genre 'Happening'in the formativeness as well as the fine arts field.

• 복식
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• 제24권
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• pp.121-142
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• 1995

The Expressionism took shape in the early twentieth century, so called as the time of change and innovation which intermediated between the time of extreme prosperity and peace and the time of disruption. This study is based on the wide sense of Expressionism out of various concepts of Expressionism. The afore-mentioned phenomenon was emphasized all the more in the French Expressionism and it is the most important and substantial object in the Art to make a direct transference of emotion , feeling and thought and it could be regarded as one of characteristics of the French Expressionism . In Addition, the Expressionism produced " Aesthetics on Ugliness "Aesthetics des H lichen )" in creating work of art. It was an expression of the Existentialism based on Humanism for modern people who lived at time of nihility and such artistic movement accepted polarity and ambivalance concepts claimed by Nietzsche into three specific fields in accordance with thought and technique in the work of art and those are the Intuitional Expressionism. Cubistic Expressionism and Fantastic Expressionism. This study makes a close analysis of costume style trends on the basis of the categorized Expressionism enumerated as above. The characteristics of Intuitional Expressionism is that poverty and a sense of alienation dominated all society and thus the social reality brought a trend of social participation . This social reality effected significantly modern costume style and a reformative costume turned up at last . This reformative costume was classified into Gar onne look, Military look and Lingerie look by characteristics of style in order to make a close examination for the relationship between social reality and the reformative structure. Cubistic Expressionism effected costume forming and changed costume style through " Deformation " and " Distortion" in forming technique , and also it has developed geometrical style of costume, which could be symbolized by mechanism. And on the other hand, this Cubistic Expressionism has emphasized exaggerated expression ability to produce rigid and stiff style of costume. Fantastic Expression pursued basic artistic worth from the primitive and ethnic customs and accepted fantastic oriental Exoticism . This Fantastic Expressionism effected costume style of twentieh century and such designers as Lon Bakst, Paul Poiret, Elsa Schiapareli adopted intentive primary color. It also applied " Depaysment" to modern costume style , which introduced avant-garde design to give an impact through destruction of the existing traditional concept. This study also analized seven major representative costume designers of the early twentieth century. They are L on Bakst, Paul Poiret, Madeline Vionnet, JeanPatou, Gabriel Chanel and Elsa Schiaparelli. These designers deployed creative costume design work with peculiar expression technique based on the French expressionism. The costume study related to art history was so far made mostly to approach costume forming but only a few study is found to have approached idealistic background of art history in connection with creating costume. From that point of view, it is profoundly significant for this study to analize idealistic background and characteristics of Expressionism and relationship between costume and expressionism and to examine modern costume of twntieth century in conjunction with technical characteristics and spiritual sense of Expresionism.eristics and spiritual sense of Expresionism.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.48-65
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• 2018

1874년 박규현이 기술한 '파산서당기'를 중심으로 분석한 파산서당의 영건과정과 조경식물의 변화상을 추적한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대구 달성의 하빈면 묘리 파회에 자리한 살림집 삼가헌과 별당(파산서당)은 사육신 박팽년(1417~1456)의 11대손 박성수로부터 14대손 박규현에 이르기 까지 약 90년간(1783~1874)에 걸쳐 완성되었는데, 풍수적 회룡고미형(回龍顧尾形)으로 회자되는 길처이다. 둘째, 파회마을은 박성수가 1769년(영조 45)에 벗들과 교우하기 위해 초가를 짓고 자신의 호(삼가헌(三可軒))를 당호로 삼은 것으로부터 유래하는데, 둘째아들 박광석이 분가(1783)한 후 사랑채(1826)와 안채(1869)를 지었고, 박광석의 손자 박규현이 1874년에 연을 심어 가꾼 연못과 정자(하엽정)를 추가했으며, 파산서당 명칭은 삼가헌 뒷동산 지명과 연계된다. 셋째, 네모꼴 연못은 길이 21m, 너비 15m 규모로 연꽃을 심었는데, 못 가운데 원형 섬을 두어 조선시대의 보편적인 성리학적 세계관을 반영하고 있다. 파산서당에 부가된 정자(하엽정)의 명칭, 동쪽 방 이연헌(怡燕軒), 서쪽 방 몽양재(蒙養齋) 등은 군자적 삶의 염원, 그리고 자손들의 밝은 미래를 염원하는 뜻을 담았다. 넷째, 성리학적 규범(소나무, 연꽃, 대나무), 안빈낙도의 생활철학(버드나무), 은일사상과 태평성대의 염원(대나무), 그리고 구휼목적과 실용성(밤나무, 상수리나무, 가래나무, 옻나무 등)에 비중을 둔 식재수종의 반영을 추적할 수 있는데, 이는 서당이라고 하는 장소성과 상징성, 절제미학 등을 고려한 조경법이라 하겠다. 다섯째, 조영초기 식재수종은 회화나무와 연꽃을 제외하고 대부분 고사하여 다른 수종으로 대체되었는데, 서당 기능의 상실과 풍수적 가치(홍동백서 상징수종), 벽사기능(엄나무와 탱자나무), 심미성 및 실용적 가치(해당화, 매화, 배나무, 복숭아나무, 굴참나무), 가문의 번영과 변화지 않는 청백의 삶(자귀나무, 배롱나무, 주목), 심미관 등 후손들의 확장된 작정관을 보여주는 사례이다.