• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine the impurity tolerance of Zanthoxylum Peel. Methods : Compare with medicinal Herb Books and the Pharmacopoeia of 6 nations. Results : Current Pharmacopoeia show different Zanthoxylum Peel's Purity, such as 2.0% of seeds and fruit stalk, etc. in North Korea, 2% of seeds in Vietnam, totally 3% in China. On the other hand, Korea and Japan set the total number 26.0% including the specific numbers such as 20.0% of seeds, 5.0% of fruit stalk, 1.0% of the other foreign matter. This Zanthoxylum Peel's Purity, 26.0%, is too high compared to that of other medical matters specified by The Korean Pharmacopoeia Ninth Edition. When The Japanese Pharmacopoeia Sixth Edition firstly set the Zanthoxylum Peel's Purity, the herbal name was Fructus. However, since the part for medical usage in origin is well-ripen pericarp, not seed, the permissible level, 30.0%, is supposed to be simple error range, 3.0%. Conclusions : As a result, I think bills concerning the Zanthoxylum Peel's Purity should be revised to the total number 3.0% or specifically set the level 2.0% of seeds, 1.0% of fruit stalk, twig and so on.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.103-111
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• 2013

Objectives : Herbal medicines were used a lot in the Northeast Asia, traditionally. However, the pharmacopoeia standards in South Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, and North Korea including many other Asia are different and cause confusion. If the origins are not belonging to same genus, it should be careful to distinguish. In this study, herbal medicines in the pharmacopoeia were analyzed for different genus of origins in order to identify the disruptive items for each country. Methods : The scientific names of herbal medicines (plant based) was analyzed origins from Pharmacopoeias of Republic of Korea, People's Republic of China, Japan, Taiwan, and Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The origins specified differently were examined. Especially, the items which have different genus were analyzed in detail and confirmed for correct scientific name. Results : The analyzed herbal medicines in Pharmacopoeia were all 753 items. 320 items were in only one country's Pharmacopoeia. 237 items were in more than two countries' Pharmacopoeia, but their origins were same on each other. The items which have different genus were 35 items. Conclusions : In general, species belonging to the same genus have similar ecological, morphological, and pharmacological activity. However, species with different genus may have different medicinal ingredients and pharmacological activity. Thus, the items which have same name but different genus are required to analyze for comparison of pharmacological activity. Also, other species belonging to the different genus should be used for different items.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2021

Objectives : Herbal medicines have been used a lot traditionally in Northeast Asia. In particular, various Apiaceae plants (Umbelliferae) are widely used for medicinal purposes among countries. However, the original species designated in each pharmacopoeia standards, are sometimes different and confuse. In this study, herbal medicines in the pharmacopoeia were analyzed for Apiaceae taxa to compare the taxonomic identity and different taxonomic opinions for each country based on their local flora and recent taxonomic studies. Methods : The scientific names of herbal medicines were analyzed origins from Pharmacopoeias of Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, People's Republic of China, Taiwan, and Japan. Especially, we compared their local floras, international plant scientific name database, and recently published taxonomic studies to confirm the correct scientific name. Results : The analyzed apiaceous herbal medicines in pharmacopoeias were all 21 items and 39 taxa; the highest percentage, genus Angelica (21%) and roots including rhizomes (62%) the registered genera and medicinal parts, respectively. Eleven items were in all five country's pharmacopoeias. Four items were in more than two countries' pharmacopoeias. Six items were registered in only one pharmacopoeia. Conclusions : Our research provides necessary information, e.g., corrected scientific names of original species based on taxonomic species concepts, taxonomic reviews, and figures of medicines. These results will help in the understanding of the apiaceous taxa among the five countries' pharmacopoeias. Moreover, these extensive nomenclatural reviews of authentic apiaceous taxa will help for the next revision of Korea Pharmacopoeia.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.3 s.18
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• pp.79-90
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• 2006

This study was investigated to determine the quality monitoring of distributed materials from Glycyrrhizae Radix (26 samples), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (24 samples) according to storage period after $1{\sim}3$ year. We have estimated by identification, purity, loss on drying, ash, acid insoluble ash, extract content, essential oil content, assay and microbial contamination. As a result, Glycyrrhizae Radix (26 samples) were satisfied with the standard of K.P. (Korean Pharmacopoeia) and WHO's microbial contamination limit standard. In the Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (24 samples), 2 samples were not satisfied with the standard of K.P.(Korean Pharmacopoeia) and WHO's microbial contamination limit standard. The results make practical application of the basic data for the quality control of herbal medicine in storage.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2000

In this study, advanced model for quality control of oriental medicine and methods for practice was suggested through literature inspection, analysis of foreign system such as China and Japan, survey analysis on the current system, quality analysis of randomly selected oriental medicine samples, and intensive discussions among oriental medicine specialists 1. The quality of oriental medicine should be consistently controlled by Ministry of Health and Welfare form its cultivation or import to its circulation process to final consumer 2. All oriental medicines should be circulated as standardized goods which should be marked by lot numbers. The packing material and Packing size should be liberalized. The qualify should be differentialized though free competition among makers. 3. Realistic standards for pesticide, heavy metal and decolorant should be established though long-term monitoring process according to each oriental medicine's origin, therapeutic part, cultivation area, harvesting time, and cultivation method. 4. Ministry of Health and Welfare should educate oriental medicine's quality control personnel regularly or on demand, and establish specialist pool. Ministry of Health and Welfare should also establish oriental medicine information system to provide informations about quality of domestic or foreign oriental medicinal raw materials. 5. The government should provide information about foreign of oriental medicine market to importers. Quality of imported oriental medicine should be inspected before its customs clearance, and all imported oriental medicine should be circulated by standardized oriental medicine makers. 6. Oriental medicine's pharmacopoeia should be Published to provide quality standard of oriental medicine and improve it.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 2000

Current status and quality administration of botanical products in America which has one of the biggest market need to be analyzed for the internationalization of oriental medicine. In this study, current status of botanical products as dietary supplements was analyzed and quality adminstration by United States Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary(USP-NF) was compared with The Korea Pharmacopoeia and botanical drug standard collection(KP), Even though the number of botanical products in USP-NF is small, it is rapidly increasing and more detailed compared with KP. Especially, reference standard compound should be determined for each botanical drugs, and more detailed standard for other items should be established in KP considering international trends. Though the history of botanical drugs in America is short, its annual market is about 3.2 billion dollar, so American administration system should be examined carefully for the internationalization of oriental medicine and related industry.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine the herbal name and four Qi(四性) of genus curcuma in the Korea Pharmacopoeia ninth Edition. Methods : Compare with the name and four qi of genus curcuma from the Korea Pharmacopoeia ninth Edition and the other nation's Pharmacopoeia and main herbal medicine books. Results : 1. The Rhizoma of Curcuma longa is called Kanghwang in KP 9, but is called Ulgeum in the main herbal medicine book. 2. The Rhizoma of genus curcuma except Curcuma longa is called Achul in KP 9, but is called Kanghwang in the main herbal medicine book. 3. The root of genus curcuma is called Ulgeum in KP 9, but is called Achul in the main herbal medicine book. 4. The four qi of the Rhizoma and Radix of genus curcuma is recorded worm and cold in the Ch. p 2005, but is recorded cold and worm in the main herbal medicine book. Conclusions : Kanghwang, Achul, Ulgeum in the KP 9 is equivalent Ulgeum, Kanghwang, Achul in the main herbal medicine book. The four qi of Rhizoma is cold, Radix is warm.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2022

Objectives : In the Korean Pharmacopoeia 12th edition (KP 12) and the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (KHP), two authentic herbal medicines are described, namely Bang-gi (Cheong-pung-deung) and Mok-bang-gi, respectively. In China, Bun-bang-gi is also used as herbal medicine. This study was conducted to develop a molecular authentication tool for distinguishing the three herbal medicine used as Bang-gi, which are Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizoma (Rhizome of Sinomenium acutum), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Root of Stephania terandra), and Cocculi Radix (Root of Cocculus trilobus). Methods : Twelve samples of three species (four samples of S. acutum, five samples of S. tetrandra, and three samples of C. trilobus) were collected from different habitats. The sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were obtained and comparatively analyzed to design the species-specific sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers. The specificity of each pair of SCAR primers that amplified species-specific amplicon was evaluated for establishing the singleplex and multiplex PCR assay tools. Results : The singleplex SCAR markers show discriminability in C. acutum, S. tetrandra, and C. trilobus. These SCAR markers were also efficiently authenticated three species in the multiplex SCAR amplification using single PCR reaction. Furthermore, these PCR assay methods were applicable to authenticate dried herbal medicines distributed in the markets. Conclusions : The SCAR markers and PCR assay tools help discriminate the three herbal medicines used as Bang-gi at the species levels and provide a reliable genetic method to prevent the inauthentic distribution of these herbal medicines.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to clarify the medicinal using part of Linderae Radix. Methods : Find out the using part of Linderae Radix in the Pharmacopoeia, main Herbal book and present day scientific research result. Results : 1. In the Phamacopoeia of 6 Nation, The herbal name of Lindera strychnifolia is Linderae Radix, the origin is root, shapes of Linderae Radix are recorded spindle-shaped, slightly curved, some constricted in the middle to be moniliform on every Pharmacopoeia. But only in the Pharmacopoeoa of the people's republic of china, root is recorded as root tuber. 2. The Straight root of Linderae Radix can not be used as medicine on the Pharmacopoeia of the China, Vietnamese, Chinese Taipei. 3. In Gaebo Boncho(開寶本草) and Bonchodogyeong(本草圖經), Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑), Bonchogangmok(本草綱目), ickmulmyeongsildogo(植物名實圖考), only the spindle-shaped root of Linderae Radix can be used as medicine. 5. The picture of the root is also spindle-shaped. Conclusions : The herbal name of Lindera strychnifolia is Linderae Radix, medicinal using part is root tuber, spindle-shaped, some constricted in the middle to be moniliform, straight and not spindle-shaped tap roots can not be used medicinally, and allowing guide line of straight root will upgrade the quality of Linderae Radix.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.99-112
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• 2000

Objective: This study was conducted to suggest a proper administration system of the quality of herbal medicine. Methods: Related literature was carefully inspected and discussions among specialists in the field of herbal medicine's growth, production, circulation and administration were conducted. Results: 1. The administration of herbal medicine's quality should be done in each stage of its circulation; growing stage, harvesting stage, importing stage, production stage, quality examination stage, wrapping stage, circulating stage, and administration stage. 2. A safety standard should be established for items, parts and origins of each medicinal herb. A standard for the identification of forged products and objective standards for quality discrimination should also be established. 3. A national system for the training of herbal medicine quality administration personnel and herbal medicine discrimination personnel should be established. A data base of standardized product specimens should be established and a pharmacopoeia of herbal medicine should be published as a standard of quality administration in herbal medicine. 4. Research into the following preliminary areas should be conducted to investigate quality adminstration of herbal medicine: research related to herbal medicine's raw materials and herbal medicinal drugs; quality estimation of raw materials and drugs; quality administration in oriental medical hospitals; herbal medicine administration law; herbal medicine administration organization; herbal medicinal pharmacology; and policy-related research for the quality improvement of domestically grown medicinal herbs. Conclusion: For the proper administration of herbal medicine's quality, governmental support and intensive research among specialists should be done for the supply of good quality medicinal herbs and the improvement of the efficacy of herbal medicine.