• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2005

목 적: 검증되지 않는 방법이나 성인비만치료 방법을 성장과 발달을 과정에 있는 소아에게 그대로 적용하게 되면, 건강에 악영향을 주게 된다. 여과 없이 무제한적으로 노출되고, 최근 급격히 이용률이 증가하고 있는 정보전달 매체인 인터넷 웹사이트에 소개된 소아 및 청소년 비만치료의 실태 및 문제점에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 방 법: 2004년 7월1일부터 8월1일까지 1개월 동안 야후 코리아의 검색엔진을 사용하여 '소아비만'이라는 검색어로 검색된 203개의 웹 사이트를 대상으로 하였다. 실제 하이퍼텍스트로 접근할 수 없거나 중복된 경우를 제외한 203개의 웹 사이트를 최종분석 대상으로 선별하였다. 각 분석 대상은 의료기관, 피부미용실, 단식원 및 그 외 사설 정보센터로 분류하여, 현재 실행되고 있는 치료 행태의 종류 및 성인비만과는 구분된 소아비만치료의 특수성을 고려하 고 있는지의 여부에 대해 분류하였다. 결 과: 비만치료에 대한 구체적인 항목을 표방한 경우가 157곳(77.3%)였고, 단순한 정보만 제공한 경우가 46곳(22.7%)이었다. '소아비만' 치료를 표방한 사이트의 구성은 한의원(52.2%), 의원 및 병원(35.0%), 그 외 다이어트식품회사, 피부 관리소 등 기타 순이었다. 의원 및 병원 중, 소아과 의원 및 병원은 35곳(22%)에 불과하였으며, 성형외과 7곳, 가정의학과와 내과가 각각 6곳, 정신과와 신경과 2곳 순이었다. 성인과는 구분된 올바른 소아비만 치료를 하고 있는 사이트의 구성은 한의원 중 19곳(23%), 소아과 병원 및 의원 중 26곳(93%), 내과 및 가정의학 과 등 타과 의원 중 7곳(25%)이었으며, 한의원 63곳 (77%), 소아과 이외의 타과 의원 21곳(75%)에서 성인비만치료를 그대로 여과없이 소아비만에 적응하여 치료하고 있었다. 결 론: 소아 비만에 대한 잘못되거나 부정확한 정보가 인터넷 정보로 무분별하게 제공되고 있으므로 소아과 의사의 더 많은 관심과 인터넷을 통한 홍보 관리 시스템의 적극적인 개발이 필요하다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2007

목 적 : 본 연구의 목적은 시상하부에서 침처치에 대한 nitric oxide synthase (NOS)발현을 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d)를 이용한 조직화학 염색법으로 관찰하였다. 실험방법 : 동물은 Balb/c (wild type) 와 Stat 4 knockout (KO) 생쥐를 사용하였다. 염증유도는 1% carrageenan 용액 (20ul/마리)을 발 뒤꿈치 표피에 주사하였고, 침 처치는 족삼리 (ST36)에 시침하였다. 침 처치 후 5시간까지 부종율을 부종측정기로 측정하였으며, 마지막으로 부종을 측정한 후 동물을 희생하여 뇌를 적출하여 고정하였다. 침에 대한 효과를 확인하기 위하여 NADPH-d 반응의 조직염색을 실시하였다. 염증유도와 그룹간의 유의성 검증은 one-way ANOVA를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 대조군인 Balb/c와 실험군인 stat4 KO 생쥐를 carrageenan으로 염증을 유도시에 대조군은 90%이상 유도된 반면, Stat4 KO 그룹은 50% 정도의 염증만이 유도되었다. 염증을 유도한 생쥐의 족삼리에 침 처치시 대조군은 1시간에서 약 40%정도 감소하였고 (P<0.05), Stat4 KO 실험군은 유의한 염증 감소율을 보이지 않았다. 시상하부의 lateral hypothalamic area (LHA)와 paraventricular nucleus (PVN)부위의 침에 대한 효과를 NADPH-d 에 양성으로 반응하는 세포수로 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 대조군에서 염증 유도시 시상하부의 PVN는 NADPH-d 양성세포수가 감소하였고, LHA에서는 증가하였다. (2) 염증을 유도한 대조군에 침을 처치시 PVN은 세포수가 증가하였고, LHA에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. (3) 염증을 유도한 Stat4 KO 군에서는 시상하부의 PVN과 LHA부위 모두에서 NADPH-d 양성세포수가 감소하였고, 염증유도그룹에 침을 처치시 PVN과 LHA부위 모두에서 세포수가 증가함을 관찰 할 수 있었다. (4) 대조군과 실험군 모두에 salicylic acid로 비교하였더니 염증유도 효과 및 NADPH-d 세포 수에서 침 처치와 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 결 론 : 침은 염증을 유도한 생쥐에서 염증 감소에 유의한 효과가 있다. 염증을 유도한 Balb/c 와 Stat4 KO 생쥐에 침을 처치 시 시상하부의 NADPH-d 발현이 LHA부위와 PVN에서 서로 다르게 나타나는 것으로 나타난다. 이러한 현상은 침 효과가 시상하부의 위치에 대한 작용이 다르기 때문이라고 생각된다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.146-168
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• 1998

This thesis is a study on the diagnostic theory and methods of Macjin(checking of pulse) as described in the Whang Di Nei Qing. There are four methods of Macjin in this text, namely: Dong Macjin(動脈法), Sam Bu Gu Who Macjin(三部九脈診). In Young Gi Gu Macjin(人迎氣口脈診法), Nei Qing's Gi Gu Macjin(內徑의 氣口脈法). Each method developed in it's own way, but they are all closely related and became the basis of today's Macjin. I examined the methods of Macjin in the Whang Di Nei Qing from a perspective of "change". The main questions of this study are: "What brought about the development of the different methods?". "How do the methods differ?", and "how did these methods evoke into today's Macjin?". The method of Macjin generated spontaneously from the observation and treatment of disease. Dong Macjin was the first method developed and became the basis of subsequent forms of Macjin. The accumulation of medical knowledge and the influence of oriental philosophy fueled the evolution of Macjin. Chronologically, Macjin methods developed starting with Dong Macjin and eventually into Sam Bu Gu Who Macjin. In Young Gi Gu Macjin, and Nei Qing's Gi Gu Macjin. The different methods of Macjin vary in how many pulse points are checked, and were established with simplicity and effectiveness in mind. Dong Macjin involves the checking the whole body. Sam Bu Gu Who Macjin involves nine points. In Young Gi Gu Macjin involves four points. and Nei Qing's Gi Gu Macjin involves two. In it's early development, the checking of a patient's pulse was used to diagnose only localized disorders in comparison with symptoms. It evolved with Oh Jang Mad(五臟脈, five main types of pulse) to be able to check internal organs with the introduction of Nei Qing's Gi Gu Macjin. After the division of Chon Kwan Chuck(寸關尺), it evolved further to be able to make a detailed diagnosis by using the result of pules checks. Nowadays, we can make 28 forms of diagnostic indices from these development. In conclusion, Macjin can be used practically and effectively in the diagnosis of disease. In using three methods of Macjin(In Young Gi Gu Macjin, Nei Qing's Gi Gu Macjin, and today's Gi Gu Macjin, which can determine the whole body's Siate of well-being) in conjunction with Dong Macjin(which helps pinpoint the localized disorder), an exact diagnosis can be obtained. I strongly feel that we should acquire objectivity by accommodating Macjin with modern methods of medicine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2014

Objectives : Warm needling is the method combining the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion. In modern clinics, warm needling is only affected by treatment time or frequency. We need to study the physical characteristics of warm needles currently used in clinics in order to develop more efficient and economical treatments. Methods : We collected various warm needle specimens and analyzed chemical constitutions, measured heat transfer velocity, micro Vicker's hardness and specific resistance. We studied the relationship between heat transfer velocity and micro Vicker's hardness as well as that between heat transfer velocity and specific resistance. Results : The heat transfer velocity of the Silver_HL was 3.3 mm/sec, of the Au alloy group was 1.3~2.6 mm/sec, and Silver_IN, Silver_ZK and SS groups was less than 0.3 mm/sec. We therefore concluded that the needle composed of Ag has the best heat transfer velocity. In the Micro Vicker's hardness test, Vicker's hardness of the Au alloy group was 159~170 Hv, of Silver_HL was 181 Hv, and of the Silver_IN, Silver_ZK, SS group was 450.8~519 Hv. In the Silver_IN, Silver_ZK and SS groups, hardness was inversely proportial to thermal conductivity. In the specific resistance test, the specific resistance of Silver_HL was the lowest, that of the Au alloy group was the second lowest, and that of the Silver_IN, Silver_ZK, SS groups were the highest. Conclusions : We concluded that the needle composed of Ag has the best heat transfer velocity, highest electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, therefore the needle composed of Ag is suitable for warm needling.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2015

본 의학적 효능연구는 전통고의서 문헌에 나타난 닭관련 약처방을 분석 정리하여 재래닭의 의학적 효능을 구명하는데 목표를 두고 고려시대에서 조선시대에 이르는 필사본 한의서를 중심으로 재래닭 관련 처방을 번역하고 정리 하고자 한다. 주지하다시피 필사본 고의서는 당대의 명의가 숱한 시행착오를 거쳐 정립된 자신만의 고유처방을 출판술이 발달되지 않은 시대적 상황에서 직접 기술하여 자손대대로 전래한 처방중심 고의서이다. 전국에 산재되어 있는 처방중심의 고의서는 관리부실에 의한 손망실로 거의 원형을 찾아보기 어렵고, 또 소실로 인해 그 존재조차 확인되지 않고 있다. 현존하는 한의서에 기술된 다양한 닭처방과 약리작용을 분석하여 대체의학을 위한 자료를 정리하고자 한다. 이러한 연구는 분석된 내용을 구분 정리하여 DB를 구축하고 처방 및 혼합약재에 대한 치료방법을 유용성 평가를 통해 다양한 기능성식품개발의 근거로 마련하고자한다. 현존하는 재래닭 관련 지식정보의 관리체계가 미흡하여 국가 지식 자원의 지속적인 확충과 전문인력양성 및 지식문화 관련 사업의 부가가치 창출을 통한 미래 신성장 동력산업 육성에도 일익하고자 한다. 고의서에 나타난 재래닭관련 처방지식을 정제화하여 다학제간의 융복합연구 시스템을 통한 재래닭의 약리작용 연구와 유용성을 평가하고 기능성식품이나 대체의학의 실용화 방안 역시 제시하고자 한다.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.185-199
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• 1998

Going back to long chinese medical history, there were many different methods of treatment according to the origin of local chinese areas, such as Bian-Shi(?石) from east, herbal therapy from west, acupuncturing from south, moxibustion from north, and mainpulating therapy from middle china. In the midst of these therapies, acupuncture needling had developed very much both in theories, shapes, usages and also in theraputic boundray. Historical books dealing with acupuncture had introduced and used Jiu-Zhen as a tool for acupuncture needling in common. But there are some differences between each texts about in shape, use, and there are also another different point of view about the interrelationship between Bian-Shi and Ji-Zhen. So the author, in this research, tried to look for how Jiu-Zhen had took on its real kinds, adaptive usages, theraputic boundaries, many different skills of needing. By researching over ${\ulcorner}$ Ling-Shu, Jiu-Zhen(靈樞,九鍼)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$ Ling-Shu, Jiu-Zhen-Shi- Yi-Yuan(靈樞,九鍼十二原)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$ Ling-Shu, Guan-Zhen(靈樞,官鍼)${\lrcorner}$, and by compar- ing them with the contents of Jiu-Zhen in ${\ulcorner}$ Zhen-Jiu-Yi-Jing(鍼灸甲乙經)${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$Zhen-Jiu-Da-Cheng (鍼灸大成)${\lrcorner}$, the author discovered small conclusions such as following. 1. Taking Jiu-Zhen in a narrow sense, it only repesents nine different needle used in different cases. But in large sense, this means nine different deedling methods using each different needles which is represented in the form of Wu-Ci ( 五剌 ), Shi-Yi-Ci ( 十二剌 ) in ${\ulcorner}$ Ling-Shu, Guan-Zhen ${\lrcorner}$ 2. Jin-Zhen has been first originated from stone age as a substitute for Bian-Shi and through bronze and iron age, it followed a process of it's own shape and applicating functions. As an example, the moxibustional therapies shown in ${\ulcorner}$ Zu-Bi-Shi-Yi-Mai- Jiu-Jing ( 足臂十一脈灸經 )${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$ Yin-Yang-Shi-Yi-Mai-Jiu-Jing ( 陰陽十一脈灸經)${\lrcorner}$ in ahead of ${\ulcorner}$ Nei-Jing ( 內經 )${\lrcorner}$ era, was relationship in acupuncturing skills and shape. So Jiu-Zhen had been originated on the base of Bian-Shi in ancient times to develop into delicate shape, skill, and theraputic foundation of modern oriental medicine.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.131-154
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• 2000

<난경(難經)>은 <내경(內經)>의 사상(思想)을 보다 자세(仔細)하고 심도(深度)있게 문답(問答)을 가설(假說)하여 의난(疑難)을 해석하는 방식으로 편찬된 서적(書籍)으로써, 논술(論述)은 기초이론(基礎理論)을 위주로 하고, 또 일부 병설(病說)도 분석(分析)하였는데 그 내용이 간요(簡要)하며, 변석(辨析)이 매우 정미(精微)하게 되어있다. 그 중 1-23난(難)은 맥(脈)을 논(論)하고, 23-29난(難)은 경락(經絡)을 논(論)하고, 30-47난(難)은 장부(臟腑)를 논(論)하고, 48-61난(難)은 병(病)을 논(論)하고, 62-68난(難)은 혈도(穴道)를 논(論)하고, 69-81난(難)은 침법(鍼法)을 논(論)하였다. 특히 <난경(難經)>에는 진법(診法)으로써 오늘날까지 한의학의 맥진방법(脈診方法)으로써, 가장 많이 응용되고 있는 '독취촌구법(獨取寸口法)'을 명확하게 밝히고 있다. 이에 본(本) 저자(著者)는 <난경(難經)>의 맥론(脈論)에 대한 이해를 높이기 위하여 <난경지연구(難經之硏究)>를 중심으로 1-23난(難)에 나오는 맥론(脈論)들을 정리하여 다음과 같이 정리하였다. 팔십일(八十一) 난경중(難經中) 일난(一難)부터 삼십삼난(三十三難)까지의 맥학(脈學)에 관(關)한 조문중(條文中)에는, 백맥(百脈)이 조회(朝會)하고 그 시작(始作)과 끝이 되는 촌구(寸口)를 중심개념(中心槪念)으로 하고 정상적(正常的)인 생리적(生理的) 맥(脈)과 병적(病的)인 맥(脈)이 대비(對比)되면서 제시(提示)되어있다. 1. 십난(十難)에서 오사(五邪)와 강유(剛柔)의 이론(理論)과 각(各) 장부(臟腑)의 고유(固有)한 맥상(脈狀)이 등장(登場)하고 있다. 2. 십삼난(十三難)에서는 색(色)과 맥(脈), 형육(形肉)의 세가지 요소(要素)가 상응(相應) 또는 상승(相勝)하는가에 따라서 병(病)의 난(難) 역치(易治)를 결정(決定)한다고 하였다. 3. 십사난(十四難)에서는 맥(脈)을 손(損)(지맥(遲脈))과 지(至)(수맥(數脈))으로 구분하는데, 맥(脈)의 손(損)에 따른 이경(離經), 탈정(奪精), 사(死), 절명(絶命)의 구분(區分)과, 맥(脈)의 지(至)에 따른 이경(離經), 탈정(奪精), 사(死), 절명(絶命)을 구분(區分)을 설명(說明)하였다. 4. 십오난(十五難)에서는 현(弦), 구(鉤), 모(毛), 석맥(石脈)으로 사시(四時)에 따라서 맥(脈)이 다르다는 것을 말하였다. 이와같이 난경(難經)에서는 "독취촌구(獨取寸口)"의 맥법(脈法)을 명화(明確)하게 확립(確立)하였으며, <내경(內經)>의 이론(理論)을 더욱 다져서 진일보(進一步)시키면서도 <내경(內經)>과는 다른 독창적(獨創的) 이론(理論)을 제시(提示)한 것이 <난경(難經)>의 가치(價値)를 더하게 하였다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2017

Objectives : In our previous study, single co-administration GMODT within 5 min significantly inhibited the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen through variable influences on the absorption and excretion of tamoxifen. Therefore, the object of this study was to elucidate the possible effects on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen after single oral co-administration of GMODT with 2.5 hr-intervals. Methods : After 50 mg/kg of tamoxifen treatment, GMODT 100 mg/kg was administered with 2.5 hr-intervals. The plasma were collected at 30 min before administration, 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of GMODT treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of tamoxifen (Tmax, Cmax, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$) were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered rats. Results : Two-half hr-interval co-administration with GMODT induced variable changes on the plasma tamoxifen concentrations as compared with tamoxifen single treated rats, and especially significant (p<0.05) increases of plasma tamoxifen concentrations were demonstrated at 0.5 (199.61%) and 1 hr (101.06%) after end of co-administration with GMODT, and also related significant (p<0.05) decreases of $t_{1/2}$ (-39.54%) and $MRT_{inf}$ (-43.94%) as compared with tamoxifen single formula treated rats, at dosage levels of tamoxifen 50 mg/kg and GMODT 100 mg/kg with 2.5 hr-intervals, in this experiment. Conclusions : According to the results, GMODT critically decreased on the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen through variable influences on the absorption and excretion of tamoxifen. Hence, the co-administration of GMODT and tamoxifen should be avoided in the comprehensive and integrative medicine, combination therapy of tamoxifen with GMODT on the breast cancer.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.146-158
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• 1996

We observed 79 patients, who visited the Department of Oph. & Otorhinolaryngology in Oriental medicine of Kyung Hee University Medical Center from July 1995 to June. 1996, with the complaint of decreased visual acuity. The results were as follows. 1. In the incidence of decreased visual acuity, men's was $46.84\%$(37 cases) and women's was $53.16\%$(42 cases), which showed that more women were suffering decreased visual acuity than men. In the incidence of myopic ametropia and astigmatic ametropia among the total patients, men's was $44.62\%$(29 cases) and $37.50\%$(9 cases) each, and women's was $55.38\%$(36 cases) and $62.50\%$( 15 cases) each, which also showed that more women were suffering myopia and astigmatism than men. 2. The average age of patients was 11.08 years at the first visit. The most were the patients from 6 to 15 years old, with 63 cases($79.74\%$). 3. The age of onset in the decreased visual acuity was mainly 6∼10 years with 45 cases($56.96\%$). In the case of myopic ametropia and astigmatic ametropia, the age of onset was also mainly 6∼10 years with 65 cases($60.00\%$), and with 12 cases($50.00\%$) each. 4. In ABO blood type, the frequency was, A type, O type, B type and AB type in order. In men, O type was the most, while in women, A type. 5. In the liking for cool or warm food or tepidity, the liking for cool food was the most in both men and women. 6. The type of decreased visual acuity was mainly myopic ametropia with 65 cases($82.28\%$). Astigmatic ametropia was $30.38\%$ with 24 cases, hyperopic ametropia $2.53\%$ with 4 cases, and the decreased visual acuity accompanied by amblyopia $7.59\%$ with 4 cases. 7. At the first visit, the average visual acuity of O.D. was 0.29 and that of O.S.. 0.24, which showed that O.S.. is worse than O.D.. The visual acuity below 0.2 was the most, $63.29\%\;in\;O.D..\;72.15\%$ in O.S.. 8. In the treatment period, 4∼7 weeks occupied $35.44\%$ with 28 cases, 8∼11 weeks $30.38\%$ with 24 cases, so the treatment period was mainly these two periods with 52 cases($65.82\%$). 9. The average frequency of acupuncture treatment per week was mainly 2.1∼3.0 times with 45 cases($56.96\%$). In this case, men was 24 cases($53.33\%$) and women 21 cases($46.67\%$), so men was more than women. 10. The frequency of herbal prescription was mainly Gamijungjitang and Gamijingjibogansan with 76 cases($85.39\%$).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2010

Objectives and methods : The Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) were published in five journals in 2001 and 2002. These guidelines, in the form of a checklist and explanations for use by authors and journal editors, were designed to improve reporting of acupuncture trials, particularly the interventions, thereby facilitating their interpretation and replication. Subsequent reviews of the application and impact of STRICTA have highlighted the value of STRICTA as well as scope for improvements and revision. To manage the revision process a collaboration between the STRICTA Group, the CONSORT Group, and the Chinese Cochrane Centre was developed in 2008. An expert panel with 47 participants was convened that provided electronic feedback on a revised draft of the checklist. At a subsequent face-to-face meeting in Freiburg, a group of 21 participants further revised the STRICTA checklist and planned dissemination. Results : The new STRICTA checklist, which is an official extension of CONSORT, includes six items and 17 sub-items. These set out reporting guidelines for the acupuncture rationale, the details of needling, the treatment regimen, other components of treatment, the practitioner background, and the control or comparator interventions. In addition, and as part of this revision process, the explanations for each item have been elaborated, and examples of good reporting for each item are provided. In addition, the word "controlled" in STRICTA is replaced by "clinical", to indicate that STRICTA is applicable to a broad range of clinical evaluation designs, including uncontrolled outcome studies and case reports. Conclusions : It is intended that the revised STRICTA, in conjunction with both the main CONSORT Statement and extension for nonpharmacologic treatment, will raise the quality of reporting of clinical trials of acupuncture.