• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.108-111
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• 2005

A field study was conducted to develop an economically suitable combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers for sugarcane cultivation in sandy acidic soil of a commercial sugarcane farm under Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain of Bangladesh. Results revealed that the treatment $T_4$ which received $75\%$ of Recommended fertilizers (N 120, P 35, K 100, S 25, Zn 2 kg $ha^{-1}$) + 10 Mg $ha^{-1}$ Rice mill ash + Mg $ha^{-1}$ press mud significantly produced higher sugarcane yield (72.34 Mg $ha^{-1}$) among all the treatments except $T_5$ having $100\%$ of Recommended fertilizers + 10 Mg $ha^{-1}$ Rice mill ash + 10 Mg $ha^{-1}$ press mud, which was identical. $T_4$ also gave the highest net economic benefit at Bangladesh Taka 15,920.47 per hectare from the added nutrient management. Thus, the integrated use with organic and inorganic fertilizer is highly essential for sustainable production of sugarcane in commercial farm of the region in Bangladesh, where it has been grown year after year.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.182-185
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• 2011

Soil $NH_4$-N content became higher in proportion to the increase in the urea application rate, while in livestock faeces compost (LFC) plots, it became lower than in urea plots and had no significant difference statistically among LFC plots. There was a close relationship between phosphate fertilization rate and the increment of soil available phosphate content after experiment resulting y=0.1788x-6.169 ($R^2=0.9425$) when applied fused superphosphate fertilizer, and y=0.0662x-2.689 ($R^2=0.9315$) when applied LFCs by the same amounts of phosphate (x: phosphate application, kg $ha^{-1}$, y: increment in soil available phosphate content, mg $kg^{-1}$. Plant height, number of stems, nutrients uptake by rice and rice yield showed higher levels in N 100, 150% application plots of chemical fertilizers, while every LFC plots exhibited lower values and no significant difference among them. Relative nitrogen fertilization efficiencies of LFCs compared to urea was 12.3% for cattle faeces compost (CaFC), 8.8 for swine faeces compost (SwFC) and 24.6 for chicken faeces compost (ChFC), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.564-571
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• 2016

As the amount of rice straw collected increases, green manure crops are used to provide the needed organic matter. However, as green manure crops generate methane in the process of decomposition, we tested with different tillage depths in order to reduce the emission. The atmosphere temperature of the chamber was $25{\sim}40^{\circ}C$ during the examination of methane and soil temperature was $2{\sim}10^{\circ}C$ lower than air temperature. The redox potential (Eh) of the soil drastically fell right before irrigated transplanting and showed -300~-400 mV during the cultivating period of rice (7~106 days after transplant). When hairy vetch was incorporated to soil and the field was not irrigated, the generation of methane did not occur from 12 to 4 days before transplanting rice and started after irrigation. Regarding the pattern of methane generation during the cultivation of rice, methane was generated 7 days after transplanting, reached the pinnacle at by 63~74 days after transplanting, rapidly decreased after 86~94 days past transplanting and stopped after 106 days past transplanting. When tested by different soil types, methane emission gradually increased in loam and clay loam during early transplant, whereas it sharply increased in sandy loam. The total amount of methane emitted was highest in sandy loam, followed by loam and clay loam. In all three soil types, methane emission significantly reduced when tillage depth was 20 cm compared to 10 cm. The rice growths and yield were not affected by tillage depth. Therefore, reduction of methane emission could be achieved when application hairy vetch to the soil with tillage depth of 20 cm in paddy soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.408-414
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find out optimum cultivated regions for rice organic farming. The organic and conventional rice as control were grown in three different places : secluded hill paddy field for Hapcheon, normal rural paddy field for Sancheong, and suburban paddy field for Jinju from 2005 to 2006. In secluded hill paddy field, the organic material and pesticide to control pest and disease were input twice for organic and conventional rice cultivation. However, in normal rural and suburban paddy field, those were input three times for organic and conventional rice cultivation. The occurrence of sheath blight in organic farming was higher than in conventional farming. Whereas brown planthopper population per 20 plant was significantly high 10.1~19.5 for conventional farming compared with 4.4~10.0 for organic farming. For that reason, the density of the brown planthoppers was higher in organic farming than those in conventional farming. Dominated weeds occurred in organic and conventional paddy field were namely Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia prostrata, and Cyperus difformis. The population per 20 plant and dried weight per $m^2$ of weeds were higher in 121 and 50.5 g for organic paddy field. The productivity of rice in different cultivated regions for organic farming was $2.96Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in hill paddy field, $4.03Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in normal rural and suburban paddy field. Toyo-taste value and ratio of perfect grain of milled rice were not different by cultivated regions in both farming system.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.491-504
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• 2020

School food services using environment-friendly agricultural products (E.F.A.E) have been promoted by school food service center (S.F.S.C) of each county in Chungnam. Since Dangjin S.F.S.C was established for the first time in 2011, 13 S.F.S.Cs have been established in 13 counties of Chungnam. 9 S.F.S.Cs of them have been managed directly by each county and 4 S.F.S.Cs of them managed by contracted cooperatives. Price deviation of 8 foodstuffs (rice, radish, spinach, cabbage, scallion, onion, garlic and potato) which are consumed much relatively was showed differently by counties. And in the average price of 8 foodstuffs, that of foodstuffs produced within the county was lower than that of produced in Chungnam and domestic. Also, the coefficient of variation of school foodstuffs was lower than that of retail market because S.F.S.C has procured school foodstuffs by contract cultivation between each S.F.S.C and producers. Contract cultivation effected on E.F.A.E price stability and producers' farm income.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2023

Golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculat) (GAS) are widely used for weed control in rice cultivation. However, concerns on the ecological risk of invasive GAS species are increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the overall impacts of GAS on weed control, abundance of aquatic animals and insects, and rice yield, in comparison with that from other biocontrol agents such as loach (Misgurnus mizolepis) and catfish (Silurus asotus), which are alternatives for biological weed control in rice paddy cultivation. Field experiments included five treatments; control, herbicide, GAS, loach, and catfish. During the rice growth, weed appearance and biological abundance were monitored, and at harvest, the rice yield was determined. Weed control efficiency was the highest for GAS treatment (100%), followed by that for herbicide (95.8%), loach (57.5%), and catfish treatments (31.7%). Insect abundance was considerably decreased in GAS treatment due to heavy weed removal, which affects the habitat of aquatic animals and insects. The amount of rice yield (unit: kg 10 a^-1) was in the order of GAS (798.9) > loach (708.1) = herbicide (700.7) > catfish (629.4) > control (496.0). Therefore, considering the weed control efficiency, biological abudance, and rice yield, loach could be a potential alternative for biological weed control in organic rice farming. However, the activity of the biocontrol agents are susceptible to environmental conditions; therefore, further studies under different conditions are essential to confirm these findings.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.23-29
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• 2017

This experiment was carried out to compare the productivity and feed value between standard cultivation and organic mixed expeller cake fertilizer cultivation to develop organic cultivation technology except from standard cultivation using chemical fertilizers in the field of forage production. This study was conducted in the rice field of Livestock Research Institute Jacheon-myeon, Gangin-gun Jellanam-do. Organic mixed expeller cake fertilizer consists of 4.0% nitrogen, 65% castor, 30% seeds and 5% fish meal. Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrids(SX17) was sowed 40kg per hectare on May 25. Test group formation was consisted of a standard group and test treatment. The standard group(Con.) was fertilized chemical fertilizer according to the N-P-K kg/ha, 200-150-150 (basal 100kg, uptake 100kg). Test treatment was carried out organic fertilizer 100%(T1), organic fertilizer 150%(T2) and organic fertilizer 200%(T3) according to the nitrogen content of standard group(Con.). Plant height of harvest time depending on the treatment was that Con was 317cm, T1 was 252cm, T2 was 269cm and T3 was 293cm. Dry matter yield was that Con was 11,386kg/ha, T1 was 6,015kg/ha, T2 was 6,799kg/ha, T3 was 7,627kg/ha. In the test treatment, plant height and dry matter yield increased with increasing fertilizer. Crude protein was the height in Con(7.0%) and Crude protein of test treatment was T1(5.7%), T2(6.3%), and T3(5.1%). As a result of this study, T2 was recommended.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.528-534
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• 2015

Green manure crops have been well recognized as the alternative for chemical fertilizer, especially N fertilizer, because of its positive effect on soil and the environment. Hairy vetch and green barley are the most popular crops for cultivation of rice in paddy field. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of hairy vetch and green barley on soil microbial community and chemical properties during short-term application (three years). For this study, treatments were composed of hairy vetch (Hv), green barley (Gb), hairy vetch + green barley (Hv+Gb), and chemical fertilizer without green manure crops (Con.). Hv+Gb treatment showed the highest microbial biomass among treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that PC1 (73.0 %) was affected by microbial biomass and PC2 (21.5 %) was affected by fungi, cy19:0/18:$1{\omega}7c$ (stress indicator). Combined treatment with hairy vetch and green barley could be more efficient than green manure crop treatment as well as chemical fertilizer treatment for improvement of soil microorganisms.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2001

In countries that consumes rice as a main staple, rice hulls are natural resources composed of a large amount of organic compounds and high uniformity in size. Rice hulls are expanded to get rid of a defect in untreated rice hulls and to be used as a hydroponic substrate. Research on rice hulls is continuing for the agricultural application. This research was conducted to stabilize rhizosphere pH of the expanded rice hull substrates because of high pH caused by repeated use in ERH(expanded ride hull) substrates and without increasing the cost of developing new substrates. Sphagnum peatmoss (pH 3.0-4.0) wee mixed with the expanded rice hull substrate in the ratio of 10% (v/v), and this ratio kept the pH range of 6.0 to 6.5 in the root area of tomato plants during growth and at the time of harvest of tomato fruits. Also absorbtion of nutrients was highly increased. The yield increased from 1,051 to 1,266 kg per tomato plant which were harvested by two clusters.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.495-500
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• 2007

Recently we are interest in organic farming of rice. The technology of paper mulching was practised without herbicide in machine transplanting cultivation of paddy. A field experiment was conducted in Gangseo series (coarse loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aquic Fluventic Eutrochrepts) at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi province, Republic of Korea in 2004. This experiment was carried out to evaluate soil redox potential, weed control and rice growth by the different organic matter in paper mulching transplanting. Compost, rice straw and soiling rye were incorporated as organic matter. The nitrogen amount of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) plot was 80% compared with nitrogen amount ($110kg\;ha^{-1}$) of conventional fertilization. Mulching paper consisted of recycled paper which was coated with biodegradable plastics. There were no difference between conventional rice transplanting and paper mulching on missing hills after organic matter application. Weed control were the highest at added soiling rye plot. The redox potential of soil was the lowest in rice straw + CRF 80% plot at tillering stage. The $NH_4{^+}-N$ in soil was the highest at soiling rye + CRF 80% tillering stage. There was no difference in yield between soiling rye + CRF 80%, compost + CRF 80% and conventional fertilization plot.