• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2014

Four Korean kernel fruit (apple, pear, persimmon, and mandarin orange) juices were obtained by household processing techniques (i.e., blending, juicing). Whole and flesh fractions of each fruit were extracted by a blender or a juicer and then examined for phytochemical content (i.e., organic acids, polyphenol compounds). The antioxidant capacity of each juice was determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Results revealed that juices that had been prepared by blending whole fruits had stronger antioxidant activities and contained larger amounts of phenolic compounds than juices that had been prepared by juicing the flesh fraction of the fruit. However, the concentration of ascorbic acid in apple, pear, and mandarin orange juices was significantly (P<0.05) higher in juice that had been processed by juicing, rather than blending. The juices with the highest ascorbic acid (233.9 mg/serving), total polyphenols (862.3 mg gallic acid equivalents/serving), and flavonoids (295.1 mg quercetin equivalents/serving) concentrations were blended persimmon juice, blended mandarin orange juice, and juiced apple juice, respectively. These results indicate that juice extraction techniques significantly (P<0.05) influences the phytochemical levels and antioxidant capacity of fruit juices.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.375-391
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• 2022

This study investigated the online transaction status of low-carbon certified fresh agricultural products and analyzed the low-carbon certified premium. For two months from March to April 2022, eight products (rice, apple, pear, sweet persimmons, paprika, tomatoes, cherry tomatoes, and lettuce) were surveyed at major online shopping malls. The low-carbon certification premium was analyzed using hedonic price analysis model. As a result of the online market survey, the low-carbon certified agricultural products were not traded in the case of rice, cherry tomatoes, and paprika. And the proportion of low-carbon certified agricultural products in the case of tomatoes and lettuce was low. As a result of the low-carbon premium analysis, of the five products that analyzed the low-carbon certification premium, four products excluding pear did not have a low-carbon certification premium. Thus, it is necessary to expand the sale of the low-carbon certified agricultural products by distributors, and various efforts to secure the premium of certified agricultural products are important.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.164-166
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• 2005

Corynespora leaf spot occurred severely on balsam pear (Momordica charantia) at Changwon, Gyeongnam province in Korea in November and December 2003. The causal fungus isolated from infected leaves of the plants grew well on potato dextrose agar showing gray to brown color. Solitary or catenary conidia of the fungus were obclavate to cylindrical in shape, and pale olivaceous brown or brown in color. The number of isthmus pseudosepta ranged from 4 to 20 and measured 36~186${\times}$8~19 ${\mu}m$ in size. Conidiophores were pale to light brown in color and measured 94~648${\times}$3~8 ${\mu}m$ in size. Optimal temperature for mycelial growth was $30{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity, the fungus was identified as Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt.) Wei. This is the first report on the corynespora leaf spot of M. charantia caused by C. cassiicola in Korea.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.322-326
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• 2013

Many organic fruit growers adopt cover cropping in their orchards to improve soil properties. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cutting frequency of cover crop (CF) and liquid manure application (LM) on green manure production (GMP) and returnable nutrient content (RNC) in pear orchard. The combined effects of CF and LM were tested at two levels, respectively, with liquid manure ($L_1$) and without liquid manure ($L_0$). After that, cover crops were cut once ($C_1$) and three times ($C_3$) in rye, and twice ($C_2$) and four times ($C_4$) in hairy vetch. The result showed that main factors related to green manure production were different depending on the species. In rye, LM was more effective in increasing the dry weight of cover crop and RNC than CF. In contrast, the parameters were more affected by CF rather than LM in hairy vetch. Thus, it is suggested that different management technique is needed depending on the cover crop species in order to maximize the green manure production in pear orchard.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.229-243
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• 2011

최근에 소비자들의 안전 농산물에 대한 관심과 정부의 정책적인 친환경농업에 대한 지원은 유기농 재배를 지속적으로 발전시켜 왔다. 본 연구는 유기농 재배 과원과 관행 과원간의 토양 물리성과 화학성 및 미생물성에 대한 시기별 비교분석을 통하여 변화양상을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 토양 가비중과 고상 및 경도는 유기농 과원에서 통계적으로 유의성있게 낮게 나타났다. 토양 pH와 유기물 함량은 3월에서 8월까지 증가하는 경향이 나타났고, 유기농 과원에서 관행과원에 비하여 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 전질소와 유효인산은 처리구에 상관없이 3월에서 8월까지 각각 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 유기농 과원에서 관행과원보다 전질소는 높았으나 유효인산은 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 토양 미생물 탄소 생체량은 처리구에 상관없이 3월부터 8월까지 증가(유기농 36%, 관행 15%)하였고, 미생물 질소생체량은 6월에 가장 높았고, 유기농 과원에서 관행과원보다 지속적으로 높은 미생물 생체량을 나타내었다. 토양중 dehydrogenase와 chitinase activity는 3월과 8월보다 6월에 가장 높았고, ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity는 시기적으로 점차 감소(유기농 38%, 관행 48%)하였으며, acid phosphatase activity는 증가하였다. 유기농 배 과원토양에서 관행재배에 비하여 6월에 조사된 acid phosphatase activity를 제외하고는 모든 효소활성이 시기에 상관없이 높은 분포를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.991-998
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• 2009

배술 제조 과정 중 pH, 산도, 에탄올 및 당도의 변화와 기호도를 조사하고 배 원료와 발효 배술의 유리아미노산, 유기산 및 페놀성 성분 등을 분석하였다. 배술의 관능을 개선하기 위하여 생강 첨가량을 달리하여 배술을 제조하였을 때 생강 첨가량에 따른 pH와 산도는 차이가 없었다. 에탄올 함량은 무 첨가구에 비하여 생강 0.1% 첨가구가 13%로 높게 나타났으며 맛, 색 및, 향의 관능검사는 생강 0.2% 첨가구에서 가장 높았다. 배술을 55, 60, 65 및 $70^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 각각 30분간 열처리 한 후 $30^{\circ}C$에서 60일간 저장하면서 pH와 산도의 변화를 검토하여 저장성을 검토한 결과 열처리하지 않은 배술은 저장 30일 이후부터 pH와 산도는 급격히 변화하였고 가장 변화가 적었던 처리구는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 열 처리구 가장 변화가 적었다. 유기산의 함량은 원료 배가 0.71%, 배술이 0.89%로 증가하였으며, 유리당은 발효에 의하여 12.05%에서 3.13%로 감소하였다. Phenolic compound는 원료 배중에 caffeic acid, catechin 및 epicatechin이 각각 1.64, 1.4 및 0.23 mg/100 mL로서 결합형으로 다량 존재하고 있었으며, 배술의 caffeic acid는 급격히 감소하여 0.12 mg/100 mL이었고, 유리형의 catechin은 0.28에서 1.16 mg/100 mL로 크게 증가하였다. 유리형 arbutin은 배 8.34 mg/100 mL, 배술 10.39 mg/100 mL로 증가하였다. 배의 유리 아미노산은 aspartic acid가 $118.5\;{\mu}g/100mL$로 가장 높았으며, serine, alanine, glutamic acid 순이었고, 배술의 aspartic acid는 급격히 감소하였으나 tyrosine, GABA, lysine, arginine은 크게 증가하였다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2022

Objectives: The chemical composition of cactus pear seed oil (Opuntia ficus-indica [L.] Mill.) was analyzed in terms of its fatty acid composition, tocopherol content, phenolic identification, and the oil's phenolic-rich fraction antioxidant power was determined. Methods: Fatty acid profiling was performed by gas chromatography coupled to an FI detector. Tocopherols and phenolic compounds were analyzed by LC-FLD/UV, and the oil's phenolic-rich fraction antioxidant power was determined by phosphomolybdenum, DPPH assay and β-carotene bleaching test. Results: Fatty acid composition was marked by a high unsaturation level (83.22 ± 0.34%). The predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid (66.79 ± 0.78%), followed by oleic acid (15.16 ± 0.42%) and palmitic acid (12.70 ± 0.03%). The main tocopherol was γ-tocopherol (172.59 ± 7.59 mg/kg. In addition, Tyrosol, vanillic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, pinoresinol, and cinnamic acid were identified as phenolic compounds in the analyzed seed oil. Moreover, the oil's phenolics-rich fraction showed a significant total antioxidant activity, scavenged DPPH up to 97.85%, and effectively protected β-carotene against bleaching (97.56%). Conclusion: The results support the potential use of cactus pear seed oil as a functional food.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2014

Due to recent interest of the consumers on safe farm products and the government's political support for eco-friendly agriculture, organic fruit production has been growing continuously. This research was conducted in order to study the effect of cover plants on soil microbial community on cover plants and establish an organic fruit cultivation method through choosing optimal cover plant. As a result of investigating soil microbial population density, the bacterial density in soil showed an increasing trend in June compared to April, and there was a decreasing trend in bacterial density of the soil in August compared to June. The density of actinomycetes in soil increased around 1.6 times in June compared to April when the soil was covered with hairy vetch. The increase of filamentous fungus in crimson clover group was 6.1 times higher in June compared to April and in hairy vetch group, the increase was 4.9 times higher in June compared to April. As a result of analyzing DNA extracted from the soil categorized by different types of cover plants using DGGE method, soil collected from April had higher number of bands detected from different locations according to different types of cover plants. Diversity of the bands from the soil collected from August showed higher range of reduction. As a result of analyzing soil microbial community by different period and the types of cover plants using Pyrosequencing method, microbes were detected in the order of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes. Distribution rate of Firmicutes increased in the soil collected in August compared to June and this was shown in all types of cover plants by twice the amount.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2010

본 연구는 유기재배와 관행재배 된 배 '신고' 과실특성과 항산화 활성을 비교하기 위해서 수행되었다. 유기농으로 재배된 과실은 진한 적색계열의 과피색을 보였고, 관행과 유기재배 된 과실의 무게, 당 및 산함량, 경도, 그리고 석세포 함량은 별다른 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 과실 중 K는 유기재배에서 높았고, 다른 무기성분인 P, Ca, 그리고 Mg는 비슷한 농도를 보였다. 유기농 과실은 관행에 비교해서 과피와 과육 그리고 과즙에서 페놀함량이 유의적으로 높았고, 과피는 과육보다 재배방법에 상관없이 항산화 물질에서 모두 높은 함량을 나타냈다. DPPH 라디칼 제거능은 과피에서는 처리간에 별다른 영향이 없었고, 과육에서는 유기농 과실에서 관행보다 더 높게 나타났다. 페놀함량과 플라보노이드 모두 DPPH 라디칼 제거능과 강한 유의 상관관계가 나타났다. 배과육과 과피내 아질산염은 처리간에 비슷한 제거효과를 보였다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.375-381
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• 2008

최근 전국에 걸쳐 동양배의 과실, 잎 및 신초에 과피얼룩병이 발생하여 과실의 상품성을 저하시키고 있다. 하지만, 이들 과피얼룩병 방제에 효과적인 방법이 아직까지 알려진 바 없다. 과피얼룩병의 년도별 발생정도와 강우량과의 관계를 보면 강우량이 많았던 해에 과피얼룩증상 발생이 많았다. 과피얼룩병의 발생은 봉지씌우기에 의해 예방되지 되지 않았고, 발병량도 씌우는 봉지의 종류에 따라 큰 차이가 없었다. 봉지씌우기의 발병과에 있어서 과실적도면의 위쪽보다 하부쪽에 병반수가 많이 나타났다. 화학농약을 적게 살포한 과수원에서 과피얼룩병의 발생이 심하였다. 시판 살균제 중에 thiophan WP와 penconazole WP가 과피얼룩병균의 일종인 Cladosporium sp.의 생장을 억제하는데 효과적이었다. 그러나 실제 포장에서 penconazole과 flusilazole의 단독 혹은 교호로 살포하였을 때 모두 방제가가 낮았다. 반면에 석회유황합제 살포와 봉지씌우기를 병행하였을 때 과피얼룩병 방제에 효과적이었다. 최근들어 화학농약의 사용량을 줄이고 있는 배 과원이나 유기농 과원에서 과피얼룩병의 발생이 심해지고 있어 앞으로 이들 병 발생을 효과적으로 방제할 수 있는 방제 방법이 시급한 실정이다.