• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate decomposition of livestock manure in soils cultivated with Chinese cabbage along an alitude gradient. The experiments were conducted in Kangreung (17 m above sea level), Bongpyeong (430 m above sea level), and Daekwanryeong (800 m above the sea level) in order to assess the decomposition rate and accumulations of livestock manures depending on different altitudes. During chinese cabbage cultivation, the decomposition ratios of organic matter derived form livestock manure expressed as % of the initial organic matter content were 42~48% for Kangreung, 26~29% for Bongpyeong and 10~14% for Daekwanryeong. Changes in air temperature with altitude might be a main factor affecting manure decomposition rates.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.83-87
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• 1992

The ring expansion of 1,3-thiazolidines 4 derived from ${\beta}$-ketoacid derivatives to the corresponding dihydro-1,4-thiazines 1 by using the action of chlorine on 4 has been achieved. In the chlorinolysis unisolable sulfenyl chlorides 5 may be formed from chlorosulfonium ions 11 by ${\beta}$-elimination involving carbonyl activated methylene hydrogens. Addition of sulfenyl chloride to the internal double bond appears to form probable thiiranium ions 14, which in turn gave 1 with loss of acidic proton. Imminium ions 15 could be hydrolyzed easily to give enol 8. As a side reaction, dihydrothiazine that was formed was further chlorinated to produce dichlorides 16 which were rearranged readily to the chloromethyl compounds 10.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제68권
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• pp.209-219
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• 2018

Colloidally stable organic-inorganic (O-I) hybrid nanoparticles could be prepared using an alkoxysilanefunctionalized amphiphilic polymer (AFAP) precursor. O-I hybrid sols could maintain colloidal stability for six months even at 45% solid content and be coated onto glass as well as PET film to form transparent O-I hybrid films. The formation of O-I hybrid nanoparticles dispersed in cured coating films could be confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. The cured coating film showed 3H and 5H pencil hardness on PET and glass, respectively. Nanoindentation measurements also showed that their modulus and hardness was varied with the type of AFAP used in its preparation.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1991

A laboratory experiment was conducted in order to learn the effect of a number of organic matters on the ammonification and nitrification of urea, and the reaction of soil, applied to a loamy upland soil poor in orgnic matter(<1.5%, without plants 1.The ammonification of urea was most pronounced in one week period immediatly after fertilizer and water treated, after which a rapid decrease of it was followed showing no accumulation at the end of 3rd week. Owing to the accumlation of ammonium, pHs of treated soils were read 7.0 to 7.3 from 6.8~6.9. 2.Nitrification was also progressed rapidly in the first one week period so that the accumulation of NO$_3$-N surpassed that of ammonia during this period. After the 1st week the accumulation of N0$_3$-N was continuously increased showing the maximum at the end of 4 weeks following a sharp decrease at the end of 5th weeks. The accumulation of NO$_3$-N dropped soil pH from 6.8-7.0 to 6. 0-6.2,but the decrease of NO-N at the end of 5th weeks brought up soil pH to 6.4-6.6. again. 3.Amino acid fermentation byproduct rich in salt, paticularly chloride, slowed down the ammonification and nitrification of urea. 4.The application of organic matter diminished the acidifying effect of chemical fertilizers. The diminishing effect of soluble humic acid and amion acid fermentation byproduct showed greater than that of solid organic matter in this experiment, which might be own to the application of a rather small amount of water soluble organic matters. Rice straw powder among solid organic matters appeared to be the least in the diminishing effect above. It may be reasoned that these soluble organic matters decomposes rapidly so as to affect Soil pH, but solid organic matters, particularly the rice straw powder, form acidic humus.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.27-50
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• 2010

This paper was to analyze the fusion between the organic and inorganic characteristics performed in architecture and urbanism, especially on the characteristics found in the works of Archigram group who was very active during 1960s and 70s. Generally, it was thought that Archigram drew its ideas mainly from a mechanist metaphor and that the diagrams of its members were based on the notion of the material obsolescence, which could be placed in a British tectonic tradition. But, Archigram's works has been continually influenced by the biological-organic analogy from the birth of the group to its dissolution. Simply, the importance that the biological-organic analogy takes in the works of Archigram has changed periodically according to the change of its members. We can divide generally Archigram group in two parts : on one hand, nascent members such as Peter Cook, Dennis Greene, Michael Webb ; on the another hand, three members who participated from LCC such as Warren Chalk, Ron Herron, Dennis Crompton. As the new three LCC members participated, Archigram Group focalized on the technological part more than ever. But, when its members dispersed geographically and professionally, its biological-organic analogy came out again at the surface of their works. However, Archigram's organic and inorganic characteristics did not always adhere in opposing position with each other and took the form of coexistence in harmony at the same period. That is, the works of Archigram were persuing the creation of community that nature, technology and architecture could communicate and harmonize with each other through the intergration between organic and inorganic characteristics. The reason why Archigram became the one of the most excellent architectural avant-garde group in the 60s was mainly to receive asssitance with the fact that two small groups having contradictory tendencies got together and formed the Archigram group.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2004년도 Proceedings of the second conference of aseanian membrane society
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• pp.7-10
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• 2004

Reversed micelles (RMs) are nanometer-scale molecular assemblies in organic media. Their surface films (membranes) are composed of surfactant molecules normally holding two hydrocarbon hydrophobic chains. Di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate (AOT), which is a negatively charged molecule, is most popular surfactant utilized to form reversed micelles.(omitted)

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.343-353
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• 2017

In the present study, the isolation of selenium (Se)-enriched bacteria from rumen fluid and hot spring water was carried out. Rumen fluid samples were taken from cannulated goats fed a basal diet and the water samples were collected from Selayang hot spring, Selangor-Malaysia. A total number of 140 Se-tolerant isolates were obtained aerobically using an Se-enriched medium and spread plate technique. All the isolates were initially screened for the ability to transform the Se-containing medium to a red-orange culture using a spectrophotometer. Twenty isolates of dark red-orange medium were selected for a screening of the highest Se-containing protein accumulating strains using the dialysis technique and icp.ms to measure the Se content. Four isolates, identified as Enterobacter cloacae (ADS1, ADS7, and ADS11), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ADS2) from rumen fluid origin, as well as, one isolate from hot spring water (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (ADS18)), were associated with the highest biomass organic Se-containing protein when grown in a medium enriched with $10{\mu}g/ml$ sodium selenite. In addition, around $50{\mu}g/100{\mu}g$ of the absorbed inorganic Se was accumulated as an organic form. Organic Se-containing protein in all the selected strains showed antioxidant properties in the range of 0.306 to 0.353 Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) mg/ml. Therefore, these strains may offer a potential source of organic Se due to their Se-tolerant nature and higher biomass organic to inorganic Se ratio.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2022

Inorganic acids such as HCl, HNO₃, and H₂SO₄ have been commonly applied to soil washing of heavy metals-contaminated soil due to their cost-effectiveness. However, implementing the 'Chemical Substance Control Act' requires off-site risk assessment of the chemicals used in the soil washing. Therefore, in this study, organic acids or Fe(III)-based washing agents were evaluated to replace commonly used inorganic acids. Ferric removed heavy metals via H⁺ generated by hydrolysis, which is similar to the HCl used in the control group. Oxalic acid and citric acid were effective to remove Cu, Zn, and Cd from soil. Organic acids could not remove Pb because they could form Pb-organic acid complexes with low solubility. Furthermore, Pb could be adsorbed onto the iron-organic acid complex on the soil surface. Ferric could remove exchangeable-carbonate, Fe-Mn hydroxide, and organic matter and sulfides bound heavy metals (F1, F2, and F3). Organic acids could remove the exchangeable-carbonate and Fe-Mn hydroxide bound metals (F1&F2). Therefore, this research shows that the fractionation of heavy metals in the soil and the properties of washing agents should be considered in the selection of agents in the process design.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2022

Since the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been widely investigated as next-generation displays, it has been successfully commercialized as a flexible and rollable display. However, there is still wide room and demand to improve the device characteristics such as power efficiency and lifetime. To solve this issue, there has been a wide research effort, and among them, the internal and the external light extraction techniques have been attracted in this research field by its fascinating characteristic of material independence. In this study, a micro-nano composite structured external light extraction layer was demonstrated. A reactive ion etching (RIE) process was performed on the surfaces of hexagonally packed hemisphere micro-lens array (MLA) and randomly distributed sphere diffusing films to form micro-nano composite structures. Random nanostructures of different sizes were fabricated by controlling the processing time of the O₂ / CHF₃ plasma. The fabricated device using a micro-nano composite external light extraction layer showed 1.38X improved external quantum efficiency compared to the reference device. The results prove that the external light extraction efficiency is improved by applying the micro-nano composite structure on conventional MLA fabricated through a simple process.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2007

국내의 실리카 광물인 규질이암으로부터 실리콘알콕사이드와 같은 실리콘 유기화합물을 합성하였다. 이 실험에서는 알카리금속염 촉매 존재 하에서 트리에탄올아민과 규질이암의 반응에 의해 트리에탄올아민의 치환체인 트리스실라트라닐옥시에틸아민의 합성이 관찰되었다. 이 트리스실라트 라닐옥시에틸아민은 산성촉매인 발연황산의 존재 하에서 메탄올과의 반응으로 메톡시실란을 얻을수가 있었으며, 이 메톡시실란과 메탄올과의반응으로 테트라메톡시실란이 합성되었다. 반응의 중간 생성물 및 최종 산물은 FT-IR, XRD, SEM, 1H and 13C NMR 및 가스크로마토그래피에 의해 확인할 수 있었다.