• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.685-692
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• 2023

This study was conducted in organic and conventional farming areas to understand the activity and habitat use patterns of bats according to farming methods. A total of 521 bat sounds were recorded, of which approximately 90% sounds were of Pipistrellus abramus. The activity of bats according to farming methods was significantly higher in organic farming areas. Bat activity was the highest for approximately an hour after sunset, and gradually decreased. Buzz calls in bats were also significantly higher in organic farming areas, and buzz calls were identified only in Pipistrellus abramus. Our results suggest that the activity of bats was significantly higher in organic farming areas, and the differences in activity and habitat use of bats according to farming methods show that bats can be used as an indicator species of farming methods.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.71-93
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• 2001

Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic forming is covered such as \circled1 development of organic farming, \circled2organic farming organizations, \circled3standards and certification, \circled4implementation of EU council regulation, \circled5state support, \circled6implementation of Agenda 2000, \circled7training and education, \circled8advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by \circled1cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting crops in multi-annual rotation system, \circled2incorporation in the soil organic material, by-products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure ; \circled1choice of appropriate species and varieties, \circled2appropriate rotation programs, \circled3mechanical cultivation, \circled4protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, \circled5diversified ecosystems, \circled6flame weeding, \circled7natural enemies, \circled8bio-dynamic preparations, \circled9mulching and mowing, \circled10grazing of animals, ⑪mechanical controls, ⑫steam sterilization.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.335-339
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze effects of greenhouse gas reduction in organic agriculture. To accomplish the objective of the study, a field survey was conducted. Based on the field survey results, LCA method was used to estimate the greenhouse gas emission. The farmer survey and LCA estimation data were provided by The Foundation of Agricultural Technology Commercialization and Transfer. The GHG estimation results showed that GHG emission of organic farming is less by 10.6~89.3% when compared with the conventional farming. In addition, the economic value of greenhouse gas reduction in organic farming amounts to 1,097 million won. Based on major findings, in response to national greenhouse gas reduction target, it is needed to expand organic farming, supporting organic farmers' income.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 2000

An organic agriculture should be managed by mixed farming in farm unit as a closed recycling system. Due to restricted purchased of fertilizers from outside, organic farmer has to deal with limited amount of nutrient source in farm unit. Especially the supply of the essential nutrient, nitrogen, mostly depends on legumes fixing nitrogen optimizing the site-adapted crop rotation. Dynamics of humus and metabolic plant carbon and active soil carbon compartment in active and passive humuspool by rotation system was explained, and dynamics of potentially mineralizable nitrogen in organic nitrogen and biomass was discussed. It was also discussed comparison of ammonia emission, potential greenhouse effect, primary energy input, acidification potential, CO2 emission between organic and conventional farming, the nitrate-nitrogen dynamic in the soil profile by organic, integrated and conventional farming system. In conclusion, it was suggested for Korean Organic Agriculture that the importance of legumes and green manures in rotation system for increase/maintenance of soil ferfility, and was pointed out the need of investment for environment impact of Korean organic farming implement.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 2001

This study the effects of the application of organic farming materials on the soil Physicochemistry property and plant growth, yield and components of Tomato were compared with conventional culture. The results obtained from the experiment are summarized as follows : 1. The effect of soil chemical properties after application organic farming materials, The amounts of pH and O.M. in N, P, K treated plot were few of change, To the contrary, fermentation compost and microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot were some increase, Amount of $P_2$$O_{5}$, Ca and K increase in comparison with the N, P, K treated plot. 2. Changes of soil microbial after application organic farming materials, The number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in N, P, K treated plot were appeared definite direction. to the contrary, The number of bacteria and actimycetes in fermentation compost and microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot showed the increased tendency, The number of fungi showed the decreased tendency. 3. Effect of organic farming materials application on the growth and yield of tomato was superior in order of microorganisms fermentation compost plot〉 chemical fertilizers plot〉 fermentation compost plot. especially, chicken manure ＋ microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot was the highest. 4. Effect of organic farming materials application on the components of tomato were not different.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 2003

In 1992, HyoGo County in Japan itself established a guideline for the environment-friendly agriculture and have been propelling the environment-friendly agriculture as a major agricultural policy together with organic farming. This study focuses on the evaluation of the “organic farms' villages” projected by the County among other projects. The results indicate that the project results in several benefits such as decrease in chemical input use and environmental pollution, and enhancement in farmers' concerns on safety and environment. On the contrary. it shows that no economic benefits are anticipated in the short run with the organic farming. Therefore, it is necessary to consider economic incentives for farmers who adopt the organic practices to sustain farmers' income.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.34-58
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• 2001

Within the paper, an overview of organic farming in Europe countries is given and the Principle and skills of organic agriculture is shortly reported with special regard to Germany. The overview information on European organic farming is covered such as (1)development of organic farming, (2) organic farming organizations, (3)standards and certification, (4)implementation of EU council regulation, (5)state support, (6)implementation of Agenda 2000, (7)training and education, (8)advisory service and research situation. In the paper the principle and skills for organic farming which are practiced actually in the German organic farms is also reported. How to maintain and increase the fertility and microbiological activity of the soil by (1)cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting crops in multi-annual rotation system, (2)incorporation in the soil organic material, by-products from livestock farming is one of the major principle to organic crop production. Pest and diseases and weeds are controlled by any one, or a combination of the following measure; (1) choice of appropriate species and varieties, (2)appropriate rotation programs, (3)mechanical cultivation, (4)protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat and ecological buffer zone, (5)diversified ecosystems, (6)flame weeding, (7)natural enemies, (8)bio-dynamic preparations, (9)mulching and mowing, (10)grazing of animals, (11)mechanical controls, (12)steam sterilization.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.108-110
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• 2011

In order to evaluation of beneficial functions for organic farming, we have divided beneficial functions as 9 sub-functions such as flooding control, fostering water resources, purifying the air, mitigating summer climate, purifying water quality, decreasing soil erosion, accumulating soil carbon, conserving biodiversity, and preventing accidents from pesticides. And they were quantified by searching related repots and statistics, and surveying fields. Organic farming, especially organic paddy farming, showed that some functions like fostering water resources, accumulating soil carbon, conserving biodiversity, and preventing accidents from pesticides were higher than conventional paddy farming, while the others were almost similar. The fostering water resources function was evaluated as 4,297 ton $ha^{-1}\;year^{-1}$ to increase about 3.6% comparing with that of conventional farming. New function for accumulating soil carbon at organic paddy fields has been assessed by 4.67 ton $ha^{-1}$ in terms of long periods over 10 years. Considering area of organic paddy farming in Korea and value of carbon price, it was evaluated monetary value as 22.4 to 84.1 billion won using replaced method. It could be also evaluated that flooding control, fostering water resources, purifying the air, mitigating summer climate, purifying water quality, decreasing soil erosion, and preventing accidents from pesticides were 2,980, 123.4, 482.6, 87.5, 0.9, 55.6, and 284.1 billion won, respectively. Conserving biodiversity function would be very big at organic farming though it couldn't be evaluated as monetary value.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.248-265
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• 2001

Recently, agriculture in Korea is seriously depressed by economic globalization and trade liberalization because of low competitive power. Organic farming, which is favorable for small scale agriculture, is expected to be one of alternatives to boost agricultural activities in Korea. Organic agriculture requires systemic developments of new technologies considering the complex biological interaction within the system in connection with high quality and safety standard. The National Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology(NIAST) has been worked on the series of organic farming technologies, including bio-pesticides, pheromone, natural enemies as well as the testings of materials used in organic farming. NIAST will concentrate on the technological development for compromising to the conflict between commodity-oriented and ecological harmony. Research on systemic land and water use, management of plant nutrition, pest and disease control, post-harvest would also be important targets. Integrated efforts among researchers, professors, administrators, farmers, private sectors, and extension workers are substantial for fast technology development and its dissemination. Development and use of these technologies will homely enlighten the Korean organic farming although it may require quite a time and endeavor.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.367-386
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• 2020

The significance of this study was to analyze the quality value of organic livestock pork for the first time based on the results of managing and testing the cycling organic farming of black pork and vegetables within farm for two years. The results of analysis could be summarized as follows. First, the pork of experimental group with crop-livestock cycling farming showed the excellent quality and high consumer preference compared to the control group of general pork or pork from non-crop-livestock cycling organic farming. In the content ratio of Omega-3 as a representative essential fatty acid, it was 1.46 that was about 2.8 times more than general pork (0.52). In case of Omega-6, it had about 2.5 times more than general pork. Especially, the U/S ratio value which was the content ratio of Unsaturated Fatty Acid (UFA, U) of Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA, S), was largely shown in pork (2.93) from cycling organic farming. Second, it would be necessary to maintain the economies of scope shown in crop-livestock cycling organic farming, and the high quality value of livestock products. For this, there should be a value chain model that could realize the economies of scope and economies of scale at the same time based on scaling and diversification through cooperative organization between farmers. Through this, it would be possible to establish a cycling model called 'community cooperative agriculture' by forming local internal markets through cooperation of production-processing and integration of distribution-sale-consumption. For the managerial activation of this cooperative organization, the government should promote/support the small crop-livestock cycling organic farming cooperative organization in local unit. For securing the reliability of crop-livestock cycling organic agricultural products and crop-livestock cycling organic livestock products, it would be necessary to review the introduction of Participatory Guarantee System (PGS).