• Title/Summary/Keyword: organic calcium

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Estimation of optimal phosphorus and calcium levels on the growth and cast production of earthworm(Eisenia foetida) (지렁이의 생육과 분립생산을 위한 적정 인과 칼슘 수준의 추정)

  • Lee, Ju-Sam;Lee, Pil-Won
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.96-102
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was estimate the optimal phosphorus and calcium levels of Korean native cow manure on the growth and cast production of earthworm(Eisenia foetida). Phosphorus and calcium levels supplemented to cow manure were 0%(without earthworm), 2% and 4%, and 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% of the cow manure by weight, respectively. The maximum fresh weight and increasing rate of earthworm were obtained with 2% phosphorus level, but there was not significant differences between calcium levels. The ratios of available phosphorus to calcium contents of cast were 1.04-1.20:1 with 2%, and 1.28-1.37:1 with 4% phosphorus levels. Conversion rate of organic matter to earthworm tissue were 0.35-0.41% with 2%, and 0.25-0.40% with 4% phosphorus levels.

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Chemical Effects to Cement Concrete by Grease Oxidation (그리이스의 산화가 시멘트 콘크리트에 미치는 화학적 영향)

  • 정근우;조원오;김영운;임수진;이은아;김성욱
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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    • 2000.06a
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2000
  • Greases composed of base oil and thickener are widely used in the purpose of lubrication and anti-corrosion of machinery. However, greases are sometimes oxidized and decomposed by heat of friction, and produced organic acid. And the greases leaked out ordinary spot make the concrete structures weaken. In this study, the chemical effects of the greases with the concrete structures were investigated through oxidation reaction under pressure and oxygen, and evaluated by the analysis of TAN, Ca content, FT-IR and XRD of grease and cement powder after the oxidation reaction. As the results, TAN value decreased with the increase of the content of cement because of neutralization of organic acid produced by the oxidation of grease with calcium contained in the cement. The content of calcium linearly increased with the increase of cement due to calcium salt by neutralization of acid. Also, according to XRD results of the cement powder oxidized at 99 $^{\circ}C$, the diffraction peak due to calcium hydroxide decreased in comparison with that at room temperature because of the reaction of calcium and organic acid.

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Effects of Salts on the Formation of $\alpha$-Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrated from by-Product Gypsum of Phosphoric Acid Process at Hydrothermal Condition (가압수열 수용액중에서 인산석고로부터 $\alpha$형 반수석고의 생성에 미치는 염류의 영향)

  • 이구종;최상흘
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.343-348
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    • 1987
  • The effects of salts such as aluminum sulfate as inorganic salt(2-4%), and sodium salts of citrate, tartrate, succinate, potassium tartrate and gelatin as organic salts(0.1%) on the formation of ${\alpha}$-calcium sulfate hemihydrate from by-product gypsum of phosphoric acid process under hydrothermal condition at 123$^{\circ}C$ and 133$^{\circ}C$ were investigated. Aluminum sulfate solution exhibited the catalystic effected on the crystallization of ${\alpha}$-calcium sulfate hemihydrate of which was assumed in the prismatic form, and organic salts solution exhibited little effect on the catalystic action to the crystallization, than inorganic salts. In the acidic solution with sulfuric acid(pH=2), needle like crystal of calcium sulfate hemihydrate was obtained. Hydrothermal process with aluminum sulfate solution also showed certain amounts of impurity removal such as phosphorus penataoxide from calcium sulfate hemihydrate.

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Effects of Lime Compounds on the Reduction of Ammonia Gas Formation and Nitrogen Loss During the Formation of Poultry Manure-Sawdust (가축분에 몇가지 석회 화합물 처리에 의한 질소손실 경감과 $NH_3$ 가스 발생 감소에 미치는 영향)

  • 박창규;양장석;조광래;원선이
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.89-96
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    • 2000
  • To reduce loss of nitrogen and generation of ammonia gas during composting, poultry manure and sawdust were mixed at the equivalent ratio and calcium chloride, fused superphosphate and vermiculite were added. Ammonia and sulfurous gas during composting, and NH4-N and NO3-N contents of composts were periodically measured. With the treatments of 0.5∼3% calcium chloride and 3% fused superphosphate, ammonia and sulfurous gas during composting significantly decreased, and especially generation of gases sharply reduced and a increase of calcium chlorde. Extractable NH4-N content in composts treasted with calcium chloride and fused superphosphate were high but extractable NO3-N markedly decreased. In conclusion, the results suggest that it is necessary the additon of 1∼3% calcium chloride or 3% fused superphosphate to reduce loss of nirogen and generation of offensive odor during composting of poultry manure mixed with sawdust.

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FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL CALCIUM FROM SEAWEEDS

  • Lawlor Susan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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    • 2001.12a
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    • pp.126-133
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    • 2001
  • As dietary intakes levels of Calcium decrease below those recommended by health authorities the incidence of Osteoporosis is set to continue to rise. To address this issue it is becoming necessary to fortify regularly consumed foods such as cereals, biscuits etc. with ingredients such as AquaCal. AquaCal is a natural, organic source of calcium that is produced from calcified seaweed, Phymatolithon and Lithothamnion and can be utilised for Calcium and magnesium supplementation in a broad range of foods and beverages. AquaCal presents a great potential over other calcium sources because of its porous structure and it composition associating key minerals as calcium, magnesium and boron in addition to being neutral in taste in applications. Once consumed the efficacy of AquaCal must then be verified therefore a bioavailability a comparative feeding study to assess effects of AquaCal on bone density was carried out. There was no significant difference in bioavailability based on calcium absorption between AquaCal and Limestone however the weights of the femurs of the animals fed AquaCal did significantly increase over the group fed Limestone. As a natural and organic mineral AquaCal has many different fields of application.

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Treatment of Dyeing Wastewater by Flocculation with Calsium and Magnesium salts (칼슘과 마그네슘염을 이용한 염색폐수의 응집처리)

  • 김재용;서완주
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.89-98
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    • 2002
  • The changes of conventional clarification process and an increase in treatment cost are required to meet increasingly stringent regulations related to the treated water quality. Although many enhanced coagulations have introduced to improve organic matter removal, the results to remove color, nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic material have not been very efficient yet. The removal of waste matters such as SS, organic matter, color and turbidity contained in dyeing wastewater was carried out by using the combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate. The flocculation was investigated as a function of coagulant dose, pH, mixing time, settling time and coagulant addition modes such as the sequential addition of the two coagulants and the simultaneous addition of them. The flocculation by the combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate was compared with that by aluminum sulfate. The mechanism of flocculation was investigated as well. About 84% of color in dyeing watewater was removed by flocculation with combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate.

On the Decay Rate of Soil Organic Matter and Changes of Soil Microbial populaiton (토양유기물의 분해속도와 Microbial populaiton의 소장에 관한 연구)

  • 김춘민
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • v.10 no.1_2
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    • pp.21-30
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    • 1967
  • The aim of present study is to elucidate the relationship between decay rate of soil organic matter, and the change of soil microbial population under the oak and pine forest soils in Kwang-nung plantation stand. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The correlation coefficient between decay rate and the soil bacteria is 0.84 and fungi 0.93. 2) The distribution of soil microbial population is higher in both F horizon of the oak forest soil, and F and H horizon of the pine forest soil. However, the number of soil microorganisms decreases with the depth in each forest soil. 3) The population of soil microbes is related to moisture content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium, except organic carbon in fungi. 4) The soil organic matter has been mainly decomposed by fungi, and the size of its population are governed by the factors such as moisture content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium.

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Rheological Properties of Cooked Noodle Fortified with Organic Acids-Eggshell Calcium Salts (유기산 난각 칼슘 강화 숙면의 물성)

  • Shin, Hyung-Soon;Kim, Kong-Hwan;Yoon, Jung-Ro
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.1197-1202
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    • 1998
  • Organic acids-eggshell calcium salts were prepared to recycle calcium component from discarded egg shells, and the effects of addition of the salts on dough characteristics of raw noodle and physical properties of cooked noodle were also investigated. Based on Farinograms, calcium malate (CM) affected absorption, stability time, and development time more considerably than calcium citrate (CC). Maximum concentrations of both CM and CC with little influence on dough characteristics were found to be 0.1% and 0.4%, respectively. Addition of calcium salts led to reduce the volume expansion rate of cooked noodle and this was more clearly shown in a sample fortified with CM than CC. As for CC, addition of more than 0.6% resulted in rapid increase in springiness which was in a good agreement with sensory evaluation results. Calcium ion concentration of cooked noodle fortified with 0.4% CC was 48 ppm, equivalent to 86 mg of calcium obtained from 200 g of cooked noodle.

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Influence of Orgnainc Pigment Addition on Surface Properties of Coating Layer (유기안료의 첨가가 도공층의 표면특성에 미치는 영향)

  • 정경모;이용규
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 2004
  • In this experiment the effects of the packing structure of pigment on the surface characteristics (smoothness and gloss) of coated paper are studied. Four different kinds of inorganic pigments(clay), ground calcium carbonate(GCC), two of precipitated calcium carbonates(PCC), and two organic pigments(solid bead and hollow type) were used. The method of measuring the relative sediment volume(RSV) was used to analyze the packing structure of coating layer. The relative sediment volume was measured, using the pressure dewatering dry-cake method(PDDM) and centrifuge method. Also, the particle size distribution of coating pigment was determined. The results showed that small amount of organic pigment, added to inorganic pigment, improved smoothness and its effect was greater when GCC was used as inorganic pigment. The efficiency of organic pigment depended upon the inorganic pigment since the organic pigment is packed in the pores formed by the inorganic pigment.

Effect of Calcium Entry Blockers on the Calcium Transport in the Isolated Sarcolemmal membrane from the Porcine Small Intestine (돼지 소장 평활근 세포막에서의 Calcium 이동에 미치는 Calcium entry blockers 의 영향)

  • Seok, Jeong-Ho;Lim, Jong-Ho;Lee, Jae-Heun
    • The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 1986
  • There are some evidence for the presence of more than one type of calcium channels. To investigate whether organic calcium antagonist sensitive calcium channels exist in the isolated sarcolemmal membrane, we prepared high KCl-loaded sarcolemmal vesicle from the procine small instine, and induced calcium transport by high $K^+$ concentration or by electrical stimulation after preincubation of KCl-loaded vesicle in the low potassium solution. Calcium transport induced by high $K^+$ concentration (84.7mM) was significantly increased (p<0.05), compared with that by low $K^+$ concentration (2.08 mM), and not inhibited by diltiazem $(10^{-6}\;M)$. Calcium transport was inactivated with time. By continuous electrical stimulation (3V, 15Hz, 25m see), calcium transport was markedly increased, and inhibited significantly by dilltiazem $(10^{-6}\;M)$ and nifedipine $(10^{-6}\;M)$ (p<0.005), compared with the value of control without electrical stimulation. Calcium transport by electrical stimulation was not inactivated with time for at least 2 min. From these results, it was concluded that there was organic calcium antagonist sensitive channel in the isolated intestinal sarcolemma membrane, which was activated by electrical stimulation.

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