• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2002

본 연구는 vermicomposting에 의하여 한우분을 처리할 경우, 지렁이의 생육과 분립생산에 알맞는 적정한 인과 칼슘의 첨가수준을 추정하였다. 인 2%수준에서 실험 종료시 생체중, 증체속도가 높았지만, 칼슘 첨가수준간에서는 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 분립의 유효 인 함량과 칼슘함량의 비율은 인 2% 수준에서 1.04-1.20:1의 범위였고, 인 4%수준에서는1.28-1.37:1의 범위를 나타내었다. 유기물의 체 조직으로의 전환율은 인 2%수준에서 0.35%-0.41%의 범위, 4%수준에서는 0.25%-0.40%의 범위를 나타내었다.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2000년도 제31회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.99-105
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• 2000

Greases composed of base oil and thickener are widely used in the purpose of lubrication and anti-corrosion of machinery. However, greases are sometimes oxidized and decomposed by heat of friction, and produced organic acid. And the greases leaked out ordinary spot make the concrete structures weaken. In this study, the chemical effects of the greases with the concrete structures were investigated through oxidation reaction under pressure and oxygen, and evaluated by the analysis of TAN, Ca content, FT-IR and XRD of grease and cement powder after the oxidation reaction. As the results, TAN value decreased with the increase of the content of cement because of neutralization of organic acid produced by the oxidation of grease with calcium contained in the cement. The content of calcium linearly increased with the increase of cement due to calcium salt by neutralization of acid. Also, according to XRD results of the cement powder oxidized at 99 $^{\circ}C$, the diffraction peak due to calcium hydroxide decreased in comparison with that at room temperature because of the reaction of calcium and organic acid.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.343-348
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• 1987

The effects of salts such as aluminum sulfate as inorganic salt(2-4%), and sodium salts of citrate, tartrate, succinate, potassium tartrate and gelatin as organic salts(0.1%) on the formation of ${\alpha}$-calcium sulfate hemihydrate from by-product gypsum of phosphoric acid process under hydrothermal condition at 123$^{\circ}C$ and 133$^{\circ}C$ were investigated. Aluminum sulfate solution exhibited the catalystic effected on the crystallization of ${\alpha}$-calcium sulfate hemihydrate of which was assumed in the prismatic form, and organic salts solution exhibited little effect on the catalystic action to the crystallization, than inorganic salts. In the acidic solution with sulfuric acid(pH=2), needle like crystal of calcium sulfate hemihydrate was obtained. Hydrothermal process with aluminum sulfate solution also showed certain amounts of impurity removal such as phosphorus penataoxide from calcium sulfate hemihydrate.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2000

To reduce loss of nitrogen and generation of ammonia gas during composting, poultry manure and sawdust were mixed at the equivalent ratio and calcium chloride, fused superphosphate and vermiculite were added. Ammonia and sulfurous gas during composting, and NH4-N and NO3-N contents of composts were periodically measured. With the treatments of 0.5∼3% calcium chloride and 3% fused superphosphate, ammonia and sulfurous gas during composting significantly decreased, and especially generation of gases sharply reduced and a increase of calcium chlorde. Extractable NH4-N content in composts treasted with calcium chloride and fused superphosphate were high but extractable NO3-N markedly decreased. In conclusion, the results suggest that it is necessary the additon of 1∼3% calcium chloride or 3% fused superphosphate to reduce loss of nirogen and generation of offensive odor during composting of poultry manure mixed with sawdust.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.126-133
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• 2001

As dietary intakes levels of Calcium decrease below those recommended by health authorities the incidence of Osteoporosis is set to continue to rise. To address this issue it is becoming necessary to fortify regularly consumed foods such as cereals, biscuits etc. with ingredients such as AquaCal. AquaCal is a natural, organic source of calcium that is produced from calcified seaweed, Phymatolithon and Lithothamnion and can be utilised for Calcium and magnesium supplementation in a broad range of foods and beverages. AquaCal presents a great potential over other calcium sources because of its porous structure and it composition associating key minerals as calcium, magnesium and boron in addition to being neutral in taste in applications. Once consumed the efficacy of AquaCal must then be verified therefore a bioavailability a comparative feeding study to assess effects of AquaCal on bone density was carried out. There was no significant difference in bioavailability based on calcium absorption between AquaCal and Limestone however the weights of the femurs of the animals fed AquaCal did significantly increase over the group fed Limestone. As a natural and organic mineral AquaCal has many different fields of application.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2002

The changes of conventional clarification process and an increase in treatment cost are required to meet increasingly stringent regulations related to the treated water quality. Although many enhanced coagulations have introduced to improve organic matter removal, the results to remove color, nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic material have not been very efficient yet. The removal of waste matters such as SS, organic matter, color and turbidity contained in dyeing wastewater was carried out by using the combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate. The flocculation was investigated as a function of coagulant dose, pH, mixing time, settling time and coagulant addition modes such as the sequential addition of the two coagulants and the simultaneous addition of them. The flocculation by the combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate was compared with that by aluminum sulfate. The mechanism of flocculation was investigated as well. About 84% of color in dyeing watewater was removed by flocculation with combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1967

The aim of present study is to elucidate the relationship between decay rate of soil organic matter, and the change of soil microbial population under the oak and pine forest soils in Kwang-nung plantation stand. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The correlation coefficient between decay rate and the soil bacteria is 0.84 and fungi 0.93. 2) The distribution of soil microbial population is higher in both F horizon of the oak forest soil, and F and H horizon of the pine forest soil. However, the number of soil microorganisms decreases with the depth in each forest soil. 3) The population of soil microbes is related to moisture content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium, except organic carbon in fungi. 4) The soil organic matter has been mainly decomposed by fungi, and the size of its population are governed by the factors such as moisture content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1197-1202
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• 1998

폐기되는 난각으로부터 칼슘성분을 회수하여 재활용하는 방안으로서 유기산 난각칼슘염을 제조하고 생면에 첨가하여 첨가량에 따른 반죽특성, 조리성질에 미치는 영향과 숙면의 물성을 조사하였다. 칼슘염을 밀가루에 $0.2{\sim}1.0%$ 첨가하여 흡수율, 반죽형성기간, 안정도 등의 반죽 성질에 미치는 영향을 Farinograph로 조사한 결과 전반적으로 calcium malate (CM)의 경우가 calcium citrate (CC)의 경우보다 크게 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 반죽의 특성에 크게 영향을 주지 않는 범위의 첨가량은 CM의 경우 0.1% 이하이고 CC의 경우는 약 0.4%이었다. 칼슘염을 첨가하여 생면을 제조하였을 때 제조된 숙면의 조리시 부피 증가 속도는 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 감소하였으며 이 경향은 CM 첨가시가 CC 첨가시 보다 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 숙면의 관능검사 결과 칼슘염을 0.6% 첨가시 CC의 경우 5% 수준에서 무첨가 생면간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되었으나, CM의 경우는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이는 CC의 경우 0.6% 이상 첨가시 springiness가 급격히 증가하였으며 그 증가폭도 CM 첨가의 경우보다 컸던 점과 잘 일치하였다. 한편 반죽 특성과 숙면의 texture, 관능검사로부터 얻어진 최적 첨가량인 CC 0.4%를 첨가한 경우의 칼슘이온농도는 48 ppm으로 무첨가시의 16 ppm의 약 3배에 해당하였다. 이를 200 g의 숙면으로부터 얻어진 칼슘으로 환산한 값은 86 mg이었으며 이온화율은 97.4%이었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

In this experiment the effects of the packing structure of pigment on the surface characteristics (smoothness and gloss) of coated paper are studied. Four different kinds of inorganic pigments(clay), ground calcium carbonate(GCC), two of precipitated calcium carbonates(PCC), and two organic pigments(solid bead and hollow type) were used. The method of measuring the relative sediment volume(RSV) was used to analyze the packing structure of coating layer. The relative sediment volume was measured, using the pressure dewatering dry-cake method(PDDM) and centrifuge method. Also, the particle size distribution of coating pigment was determined. The results showed that small amount of organic pigment, added to inorganic pigment, improved smoothness and its effect was greater when GCC was used as inorganic pigment. The efficiency of organic pigment depended upon the inorganic pigment since the organic pigment is packed in the pores formed by the inorganic pigment.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 1986

최근 심근세포 또는 신경세포에서 발표된 여러 종류의 calcium channel중 calcium antagonist로 차단되는 channel 또는 차단되지 않는 channel 등이 있는지 알아보기 위해 실험을 시행하였다. 돼지 소장 평활근으로부터 고농도의 KCl(150mM)로 부하된 세포 포막낭을 만들어 고농도의$K^+$ 또는 전기자극으로 $^{45}Ca$의 이동을 유발시켜 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 저농도의 $K^+$용액에서의 $^{45}Ca$이동보다 고농도의 $K^+$-용액에서의 $^{45}Ca$이동이 유의하게 증가되었으며(p<0. 05) 이때 유입되는 $^{45}Ca$의 양은 시간에 따라 서서히 감소되었다. 전기자극(3V, 15Hz, 25msec)을 하였을때 유입되는 $^{45}Ca$의 양은 전기자극을 하지 않은 대조군에 비하여 현저하게 증가되었고, 자극시간에 따른 $^{45}Ca$의 유입량은 2분 동안 계속 증가되었다. Diltiazem 또는 nifedipine을 처치하였을때, 고농도의 $K^+$-용액에 의한 $^{45}Ca$의 유입은 억제되지 않았으나 전기자극에 의해 유도되는 $^{45}Ca$의 유입은 유의하게 억제되었다(p<0.005). 상기의 실험성적으로 돼지 소장 평활근으로부터 분리한 세포막에서의 calcium이동 중 전기자극에 의해 이루어지는 것은 calcium antagonist로 차단되는 calcium channel을 통하여 이루어지는 것으로 사료된다.