• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2023

Although pediatric X-ray examinations are continuously increasing, there are not many studies on the radiation exposure to children and X-ray examination assistants according to X-ray Exposure conditions. Accordingly, we measured the radiation exposure dose of pediatric and X-ray examination assistants according to the standard guidelines and clinical average X-ray Exposure conditions when X-ray examination 10-year-old children. The effective dose and organ dose to pediatric were measured using an Dose area production meter and Monte Carlo-based PCXMC program, and the exposure dose of X-ray examination assistants was measured using an ion-chamber. When performing abdominal supine AP projection, the effective dose to children was up to 2.38 times higher under clinical average X-ray Exposure conditions than the standard guidelines. In addition, during abdominal supine AP projection, the radiation exposure dose to the X-ray examination assistants was highest on the hands at 0.0148 ~ 0.0709 mSv, and exposure dose could be reduced by up to 35% when wearing protective gloves. In conclusion, because the X-ray Exposure conditions used in clinical are unnecessarily high, unnecessary medical radiation exposure could be reduced if appropriate X-ray Exposure conditions and the radiation field area were minimized and the assistant wore shielding gloves.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2016

디지털 팬텀을 사용한 선량평가 방법은 일반화된 장기에 대해서만 평가가 가능하여 종양에 대한 선량평가가 불가능하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 몸통 팬텀에 방사성동위원소를 주입하고 실제 측정된 CT 영상을 기반으로 장기와 종양에 대하여 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 S-value를 계산함으로써 장기와 종양에 대한 흡수선량을 평가하고자 하였다. 몸통 팬텀은 폐, 간, 척추, 실린더로 구성되어 있으며 구 모형 팬텀을 이용하여 종양을 모사하였다. 방사성동위원소의 실제 선량 측정은 방사성동위원소 Cu-64 73.85 MBq 주입된 몸통 팬텀에 유리선량계(glass dosimeter)를 삽입하여 방사성동위원소의 선량을 측정하였다. 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 위한 몸통 팬텀의 각 영역 정보는 Cu-64가 주입된 몸통 팬텀을 이용하여 PET/CT 영상을 획득하고 CT영상의 해부학적 정보를 우선으로 평균값과 매뉴얼로 각 장기 및 종양을 영역별로 분할하여 제공하였다. 방사성동위원소의 영역별 잔류시간은 PET 영상에서 분할된 영역을 기반으로 시간변화에 따라 Cu-64 방사능량을 측정하여 계산하였다. 각 영역의 S-value는 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션에 입력된 공간상의 좌표, 복셀 크기, 밀도정보를 사용하여 계산하였다. 흡수선량 평가는 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 선량분포를 계산하였으며 각 영역별로 미치는 S-value와 잔류시간을 이용하여 계산하였다. 각 영역에서의 흡수선량은 간에서 4.52E-02 mGy/MBq, 종양1에서 4.61E-02 mGy/MBq, 그리고 종양2에서 5.98E-02 mGy/MBq으로 평가되었다. 유리선량계로 측정된 선량 값과 시뮬레이션을 통해 계산된 선량 값의 차이는 평균 12.3% 이내의 차이를 보였다. 본 연구결과는 다양한 크기와 위치에 대하여 영상기반 선량평가의 적용가능성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2018

Background: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) can be applied in brain-dead donors for organ perfusion before donation, thereby expanding the donor pool. The aim of this study was to examine the benefits and early clinical outcomes of ECLS for organ preservation. Methods: Between June 2012 and April 2017, 9 patients received ECLS with therapeutic intent or for organ preservation. The following data were collected: demographics, purpose and duration of ECLS, cause of death, dose of vasoactive drugs, and need for temporary dialysis before organ retrieval. The early clinical outcomes of recipients were studied, as well as survival and graft function at 1 month. Results: ECLS was initiated for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 5 patients. The other patients needed ECLS due to hemodynamic deterioration during the assessment of brain death. We successfully retrieved 18 kidneys, 7 livers, and 1 heart from 9 donors. All organs were transplanted and none were discarded. Only 1 case of delayed kidney graft function was noted, and all 26 recipients were discharged without any significant complications. Conclusion: The benefits of protecting the vital organs of donors is significant, and ECLS for organ preservation can be widely used in the transplantation field.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was to evaluate the effect of Palmijihwang-whan (PMJHW) aqueous extract in the regulation of hypothyroidism related reproductive organ damages in propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced rat model. Methods: PMJHW aqueous extract (yield=17.90%) were administered, once a day for 42 days from 2 weeks before start of PTU treatment as oral doses of 500, 250, and 125 mg/kg (body weight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 mg/kg for 28 days. Results: PTU-induced hypothyroidism and related male reproductive organ damages-atrophic changes of testis, epididymis and prostate, were favorably and dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of PMJHW 500, 250, and 125 mg/kg. They also effectively regulated the PTU-induced abnormal antioxidant defense system changes in the testis. Although levothyroxine also favorably inhibited PTU-induced hypothyroidism, it deteriorated the hypothyroidism related male reproductive organ damages through testicular oxidative damages. The results suggest that oral administration of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of PMJHW has favorable effects on the hypothyroidism and related reproductive organ damages through augmentation of antioxidant defense system in the testis. Conclusions: This study suggest that PMJHW may be help to ameliorate the hypothyroidism and related organ damages in clinics.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2014

중재방사선을 이용한 의료적 시술이나 진단은 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 특히 환자에 근접하여 이루어지는 중재방사선시술의 특성상 시술자에 대한 직무피폭의 관리 및 감시가 중요하다. 개인선량계를 통해 측정되는 방사선 방호 실용량인 심부선량은 중재방사선시술의 경우 균질한 방사선장에 의해 전신에 고르게 노출되는 경우가 아니므로 유효선량을 항상 대표할 수는 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 C-arm을 이용한 대표적인 중재방사선시술에 대해 수학적 모의피폭체와 몬테카를로 방법을 이용한 계산과 개인선량계를 이용한 실측을 통해 개인선량당량과 장기별 선량을 평가하고자 하였다. 주요 장기별 선량평가 결과는 개인선량계로 측정된 선량 값보다 낮았으나, 갑상선과 같은 장기는 전신 연조직 선량보다 상당히 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 중재방사선시술자에 대한 적절한 방사선방호를 위해 납치마의 착용과 같은 전신 방호와 더불어 갑상선 방호와 같은 추가적인 방호조치가 고려되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the single oral dose toxicity of Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyinjianghuo-tang) and Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyinjianghuo-tang) fermented with Lactobacillus acidophyllus in male and female ICR mice. Methods : In this single oral toxicity study, non-fermented and fermented Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyinjianghuo-tang) were administered to male and female ICR mice as an oral dose of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. After single administration, body weight changes, general behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined for 14 days. Serum chemistry, organ weights and necropsy findings were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results : There were no mortality or signs of toxicity for 14 days. There were also no significant differences in body weights, organ weights, or serum chemistry values between treatment and control groups. Conclusions : These results indicate that the 50% lethal dose of Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyinjianghuo-tang) fermented with Lactobacillus acipophullus may be over 2000 mg/kg. This finding can be expected to provide scientific evidence for the safety of Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyinjianghuo-tang) fermented with Lactobacillus acidophyllus.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2020

Bone mineral density is a examination to measure the amount of bone in patients with metabolic bone disease. It is a low dose, but may cause unnecessary exposure to the gonads and other organs located in the periphery when examining the lumbar and proximal femurs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluated the exposure dose for each organ exposed during the bone mineral density through simulation, and analyzed the applicability of the subject to radiation shielding devices using 3D printing materials. As a result, the highest dose was shown at 11.47 uSv in the breast during lumbar examination and 8.98 uSv in the testis during proximal femur examination. Also, the farther away from the examination site, the lower the effect of the scattering-ray. The shielding effect of using 3D printing shielding device showed high results in proportion to the effective atomic number and specific gravity of the printing material. Among the printing materials, ABS + W showed an effect of at least 78.72 to 96.3 9% compared to the existing lead material.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2015

목 적 : 안와 주변 방사선 치료 시 수정체 피폭선량감소를 위하여 사용된 2차 차폐 block의 유용성을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : Human phantom(Alderson Rando Phantom, The Phantom Laboratory, USA)을 사용하여 CT(Somatom Definition AS, Siemens, Germany) 모의촬영 후 전산화치료계획시스템(Pinnacle, PHILIPS, USA)을 통해 실제 치료와 유사한 IMRT치료계획을 실시하였다. 2차 차폐를 위하여 두께 3mm 지름 25 mm의 납판과 3 mm tungsten eye-shield block(Extra small size, Radiation Products Design, Inc, USA)를 사용하였으며, TPS(Treatment Planning System) 상의 lens dose와 모의치료 상의 lens dose를 OSLD로 측정 비교하였다. 또한, 5 cm 두께의 acrylic phantom에 동일한 조건의 2차 차폐물인 3 mm 납판과 tungsten eye-shield block을 사용하여 200 MU(6 MV, SPD(Source to Phantom Distance)=100 cm, $F{\cdot}S\;5{\times}5cm$)를 조사 및 측정하였으며, 조사야 밖의 누설선 및 투과방사선 영향을 제한시키고자 8 cm 납블럭(O.S.B: Outside Scatter Block)을 적용하여 위와 동일한 실험을 시행하였다. 조사야로부터 1 cm 이격하여 phantom 끝 옆면에 OSLD(Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter)를 부착하였고, eyelid의 두께에 해당하는 bolus 3 mm를 적용하였다. 결 과 : human phantom을 이용하여 IMRT 치료계획 상의 Lens dose와 실 측정치는 각각 315.9, 216.7 cGy가 측정되었고, 3 mm 납판과 tungsten eye-shield block으로 2차 차폐 후 각각 234.3, 224.1 cGy가 측정되었다. acrylic phantom을 이용한 실험 결과는 no block, 3 mm 납판, tungsten eye-shield block을 사용했을 때 5.24, 5.42, 5.39 cGy가 측정되었으며, 조사야 밖에 O.S.B를 적용하여 no block, 3 mm 납판, tungsten eye-shield block을 실험한 결과 각각 1.79, 2.00, 2.02 cGy가 측정되었다. 결 론 : 광자선 조사 시 critical organ을 보호하기 위하여 2차 차폐를 적용할 시에는 field 외부일지라도 헤드 누설방사선 및 collimator & MLC 투과방사선이 존재하므로 치료부위와 beam 방향에 따라 금속과 같은 높은 원자번호의 차폐물질이 critical organ근처에 있다면 선량 증가의 원인이 될 수 있다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 피폭선량 감소를 위한 2차 차폐의 시도는 분명 의미가 있었으나 미 검증된 시도는 오히려 역효과를 가져올 수 있다는 사실을 인지하여 QA를 통해 목적에 부합하는 결과가 나오는지를 사전에 알아보아야 할 것이다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2016

방사선 치료시 최근 많이 쓰이고 있는 IMRT, Tomotherapy, mArc(modulation arc therapy)의 치료법을 선량적인 측면에서 상호 비교하고자 한다. 비소세포성 폐암의 환자를 대상으로 하여 치료계획용적에 58.0 Gy를 처방선량을 기준으로 설정하였으며 주변 정상장기는 척수, 식도, 간을 설정 하였다. PTVmean는 mArc의 경우 57.60 Gy, Tomotherapy가 61.04 Gy, IMRT는 58.95 Gy이었다. 식도(Esophagus)의 평균선량은 mArc가 2.84 Gy였고, Tomotherapy가 5.14 Gy, IMRT가 1.84 Gy로 나타났다. 간(Liver)은 mArc는 19.44 Gy, Tomotherpy가 12.22 Gy, IMRT는 21.97 Gy이었고 척수(Spinal Cord)은 mArc 5.72 Gy, Tomotherapy가 7.08 Gy, IMRT는 6.15 Gy로 측정되었다. 또한, 선량포함도와 선량체적곡선 등의 자료를 관찰해 본 결과 mArc와 Tomotherapy 그리고 IMRT의 결과와 현저한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 하지만, 본 연구는 폐암이라는 질환으로 한정하였었고 실험군의 수가 적은 단점을 가지고 있으므로 좀 더 많은 질환과 환자를 대상으로 연구를 폭넓게 진행 한다면 환자 맞춤형 치료기법을 개발하여 적용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2003

The effect of Banhasasim-tang extracts on the hepatic, splenic and cardiac toxicity induced by doxorubicin administration (three injection protocol) were monitored using male ICR mice. Changes of body weight, clinical signs, necropsy findings and organ weights of liver, spleen and heart were observed with blood GOT and GPT levels. The results were as follows: 1. Decrease of body weight after doxorubicin treatment was dose-dependently inhibited by Banhasasim-tang extracts. 2. The degrees of anorexia, ataxia and dehydration that were observed in doxombicin treatment groups were dose-dependently inhibited by Banhasasim-rang extracts. 3. Increase of absolute and relative liver weight observed in the doxorubicin treatment group were dose-dependently inhibited by Banhasasim-tang extracts. In addition, the degrees of liver congestion and necrotic spot were significantly and dose-dependently decreased in the Banhasasim-rang extracts dosing group compared to that of the doxorubicin-only treatment group. It is also demonstrated that elevated serum GOT and GPT levels in the doxorubicin treatment group were significantly decreased in the Banhasasim-rang extracts dosing group. 4. Decrease of absolute and relative spleen weight observed in doxorubicin treatment groups were dose-dependently inhibited by Banhasasim-rang extracts. In addition, the degrees of splenic atrophy were significantly and dose-dependently decreased in the Banhasasim-rang extracts dosing group compared to that of doxorubicin-only treatment group. 5. Increase of absolute and relative heart weight observed in doxorubicin treatment groups were dose-dependently inhibited by Banhasasim-rang extracts. In addition, the degrees of heart congestion and enlargement were significantly and dose-dependently decreased in the Banhasasim-rang extracts dosing group compared to that of the doxorubicin-only treatment group. In conclusion, the toxicity of doxorubicin treatment (decrease of body weight, clinical signs such as anorexia, ataxia and dehydration, changes of organ weights of liver, spleen and heart, elevation of serum GOT and GPT levels) was inhibited and/or prevented by Banhasasim-rang extracts. According to these results, it is considered that Banhasasim-rang has some preventive effect against the toxicity induced by doxorubicin.