• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1994

From the consideration of stages and their origins assigned to the five elements by connecting O-Shin(五神) with the five organs, centered on former documents, following were achieved. 1. From the age of civil wars, the mind has been connected to the part icular organ among the five organs : the has been considered as the main body of mind activity and the central organ which controls eve ry organ. 2. KWAN-JA(管子) and JANG-JA(莊子) wrote firstly written in connection between the mind and the whole five organs. 3. O-SHIN(五神) were materialized through the middle part and last year of Former China and after the five organs assignment of the natur e and the emotions. 4. O-SHIN(五神) orignated from HWANG-JE NAE-KYUNNG(黃帝內經) assigned as the liver soul, the heart spirit, the spleen ideas, the lung inferior spirit, and the kidney will.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.317-318
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• 2018

Plants are unable to relocate themselves to a more favorable location and thus have to deal with developmental programs and environmental cues wherever they happen to be. It is yet largely unknown how plant cells coordinate cellular activities and architectures to accomplish developmental processes and respond to environmental changes. By identifying and establishing a new cellular model system, we have discovered that two neighboring cell types in the abscission zone (AZ) of Arabidopsis flowers coordinate their activities to ensure a precise "cut" through a highly restricted area of plant tissue to bring about organ separation. From this perspective, we further discuss the essence of cellular coordination in AZ, the key molecules controlling the organ separation, and relevant implications.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2020

The intelligent tissue theory states that organ information is conveyed on electromagnetic waves and these are interpreted by bodily tissue, so that real-time organ states are reflected in the tissue at each organ's related meridian. This article describes the practical implications of this, how this relates to acupuncture, and how it accounts for the common acupuncture-related phenomena. The Chinese medicine notion of "chi" is also explored. Its history is described, including the 1970's reinterpretation. This article suggests that both the Nei Jing and also the 1970's model of how acupuncture works are merely metaphorical; do not describe reality; and that "chi" (which is central to these models) does not really exist. Alternative explanations are provided for all the common phenomena that are usually attributed to "chi", and a simple account of how acupuncture works is given.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2001

The pathological aspects of purified ricin from the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis, were examined, using light and transmission electron microscopy. ICR mice were exposed to ricin by peritoneal injection with 100 ng/1 $m\ell$ PBS(pH 7.0) mouse and histological observations on the liver, spleen, thymus, lung and heart were carried out at intervals up to 48 h after exposures. All the organs examined were damaged by ricin. Among the organs, the spleen and thymus; immune organs were the most sensitive to ricin, whereas the effect delayed in the liver, lung and heart. Furthermore, the immune cells in each organ were the most sensitive to ricin. Accordingly, the effect of ricin on the organs seems to be affected by the immune cells existed in each organ, In each organ, the immune cells showed apoptotic changes, while the capillary endothelial and parenchymal cells showed necrotic changes.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.451-454
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• 1998

Gulgastrura reticulosa, first described by Yosii (1966) as a monotypic new genus from a Korean limestone cave, was reviewed for its systematic position by c1adistic analysis of morphological characteristics, investigation of its intermaulting period and reproductive cycle as well as allozyme and 18S rDNA analysis. The great extent of divergence was strongly suggested by its combined lack of sensory organs (third antennal organ, postantennal organ, eyes, pseudocelli) with simultaneous development of an 'apical organ'at the tip of the antennae. The obvious divergence from any existing Collembola families was additionally supported by the extremely prolonged intermoulting period as well as by the low strap value it showed with Onychiuridae as obtained by 18S DNA sequence analysis. All these were considered Justifying the creation of a new family, Gulgastruridae, but still revealing more allied to Onychiuvidae rather than to Hypogastruridae.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2015

Objectives : An atlas of tripple energizer affords to make us understand what the ancients thought it shaped. Methods : All pictures of it were picked out from traditional east Asian medical books where the atlas of every organ had been inserted. To be sure what it shaped, they were classified according to shape. Results : Shang Han Lun Tiao Bian(傷寒論條辨) has been one of the 4 books that shows it in the entire atlas drawing all organs in traditional Chinese, Korean and Japanese medical books. 14 books have a picture of it, while 18 books have an atlas of each organ except it. Since its multiple functions could not be expressed on a canvas at once, it had 6 different shapes, including the picture in Shang Han Lun Tiao Bian. Conclusions : Most of them were more representational or conceptualized than realistic, because ancient people had drawn it to inform the various functions, rather to show the actual feature. As anatomy went out into the east world, the more actually it was drawn, the further it was away from the own purpose.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-37
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to understand the function & the character of meridians through the theory of Gae-Hap-Chu (開闔樞). Methods : First, We researched the meaning of Gae-Hap-Chu from Internal Classic (內經). Then, We investigated the theory of Gae-Hap-Chu (開闔樞) comparing with the principle of Oriental studies. The last, we considered the function & the character of Gae-Hap-Chu (開闔樞). Results & Conclusions : Gae-Hap-Chu represents distributing-gathering-controlling of meridians and suggests the place of meridians acting. Gae-Hap-Chu is true to the principle of Sam-Jae (三才原理) and interrelationship of Jang-Bu organ (臟腑相關) is also true to the study of Sang-Su (象數學). Descending & ascending meridians make a interrelationship of Jang-Bu organ individually. The function of gathering & distributing is expanded on Yang meridians. Heart & Gallbladder Meridians control Hap (闔) and Kidney& Triple Energizer meridians control Gae (開).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.176-181
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• 2018

Background: Low electrical impedance at acupoints is a familiar concept, and it has also been found that this increases with poor organ function. Kovich hypothesizes that organ states are communicated to their related acupoints in real time, and this experiment set out to test this. Methods: The electrical impedance at 4 digestion-related acupuncture points (acupoints) was recorded over a 14-hour period and a food diary was recorded. The readings were taken in 23 sessions, between which the participant continued his usual daily routine. Results: The impedance at all the monitored acupoints varied considerably throughout the day, and the peaks were aligned with periods of high stomach activity. Conclusion: Variations in stomach function produced corresponding variations in the impedance at key stomach-related acupoints. However, the experiment was limited in that samples were only taken at around 30-minute intervals, and further investigations are needed to explore this phenomenon in more detail.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.106-118
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• 2018

How the organ size is adjusted to the proper size during development and how organs know that they reach the original size during regeneration remain long-standing questions. Based on studies using multiple model organisms and approaches for over 20 years, a consensus has been established that the Hippo pathway plays crucial roles in controlling organ size and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Given the significance of these processes, the dysregulation of the Hippo pathway has also implicated various diseases, such as tissue degeneration and cancer. By regulating the downstream transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ, the Hippo pathway coordinates cell proliferation and apoptosis in response to a variety of signals including cell contact inhibition, polarity, mechanical sensation and soluble factors. Since the core components and their functions of the Hippo pathway are evolutionarily conserved, this pathway serves as a global regulator of organ size control. Therefore, further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms will provide physiological insights to better understand tissue homeostasis. In this review, the historical developments and current understandings of the regulatory mechanism of Hippo signaling pathway are discussed.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.91-91
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• 1993

The anatomical study of whole organ sections was used necessarily for understanding the histopathological anatomy, and routes of neoplastic spread. Ten whole-organ cancerous larynges were axially sectioned and its histopathologic findings were compared with the MRI findings. This study is designed to evaluate the anatomical relationships of the tumor to the laryngeal structure & possible spread of cancer of the larynx.