• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess changes in blood glucose level, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in elderly women aged over 65 years with hypertension and either normal glycemic control, impaired fasting glucose tolerance, or diabetes mellitus. We also wished to investigate the relationship between stages of diabetes and physical fitness. [Methods] A total of 24 elderly women with hypertension were assigned to a control group (CON; n=7), impaired fasting glucose group (IFG; n=9), and diabetes mellitus group (DM; n=8). In each group, blood glucose level, brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), and blood pressure were measured at baseline as well as 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. Physical fitness factors such as hand grip strength, balance test, 4 m gait speed test, chair stand test, short physical performance battery, and 6-minute walking test were subsequently assessed. [Results] In all three groups, blood glucose levels were significantly increased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. In the DM group, blood glucose levels were significantly higher before and after a 75 g OGTT than in the CON group. In the CON group, PWV was significantly increased at 60 minutes after a 75 g OGTT; however, there were no changes in other groups after glucose ingestion. In the CON group, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT compared to baseline. However, there was no change in blood pressure after ingestion in the DM group. The IFG group had greater grip strength than the CON group; however, there were no differences in other variables between the groups. [Conclusion] After a 75 g OGTT, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes maintain higher blood glucose levels compared to those with hypertension alone. Unlike elderly women with hypertension alone, those with hypertension and diabetes did not show changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure after a 75 g OGTT. Therefore, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes may not be able to control their blood vessels following a 75 g OGTT due to impaired vascular endothelial function. Moreover, there was no association between diabetes stage and physical fitness in elderly women with hypertension.

• 치과방사선
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to aid in the prediction of tumor cell tolerance to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. For this study, cell surviving curves were obtained for mouse lymphoma YAC-1 cell line using semi automated MTT assay. 2, 4,6, 8, 10Gy were irradiated at a dose rate of 210cGy/rnin using /sup 60/Co Irradiator ALDORADO 8. After irradiation, YAC-1 cell lines(3×10⁴cells/ml) were exposed to bleomycin or cisplatin for 1 hour. The viable cells were determined for each radiation dose and/or each concentration of drug at the 4th day. And they were compared to control values. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The surviving curve with gentle slope was obtained after irradiation of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 Gy on YAC-1 cell line. 2. The cytotoxicity of bleomycin or cisplatin was increased significantly at all concentration of 0.2㎍/ml, 2㎍/ml and 20㎍/ml on YAC-1 cell line (P<0.01). And the cytotoxicity of cisplatin was greater than that of bleomycin at all concentration on YAC-1 cell line (P<0.01). 3. There were no significant differences of surviving fractions among 4Gy, 6Gy and 8Gy after irradiation of each radiation dose with 2㎍/ml of bleomycin compared with irradiation only on YAC-1 cell line. 4. There was significant difference of surviving fraction between 2Gy and 10Gy after irradiation of each radiation dose with 2㎍/ml of cisplatin compared with irradiation only on YAC-1 cell line(P<0.05). 5. There were significant differences of surviving fractions between the groups of irradiation only and the groups of irradiation with 2㎍/ml of bleomycin or cisplatin at all doses of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10Gy on YAC-1 cell line(P<0.05).

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1145-1153
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• 2009

The object of this study was to obtain acute information single oral dose toxicity of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, with mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test for detecting possible genotoxicity. In order to observe the 50% lethal dose, approximate lethal dosage, maximum tolerance dosage and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 50 mg/kg according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights of 12 types of principle organs. In addition, after twice oral treatment of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, we checked the changes on the number of MNPCE. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings upto 2000 mg/kg treated group. The limited dosages in rodents except for increases of lymphoid organ weights and hypertrophy encounted as results from pharmacological effects of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, immune modulator effects with some sporadic accidental findings not toxicological signs. No evidence of increases of MNPCE numbers were also detected in all three different dosages of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts treated mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts in mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. And the results of mouse bone marrow micronucleus test of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts is negative results.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2018

Purpose: This study set out to evaluate the compliance to, and efficacy of oral supplementation, using a 1.5 kcal/mL or 1 kcal/mL sip feed, in children with mild to moderate malnutrition. Methods: This was a parallel, randomized, controlled open-label trial in children aged 3 to 6 years with a weight for height Z (WHZ) score <-1 and ${\geq}-3$, who were randomized to receive a total of 600 kcal/day from either a 1.5 kcal/mL or a 1.0 kcal/mL pediatric sip feed for 28 days. Assessments included daily study product intake, body weight, tolerance and dietary intake from solid food. Results: Of 110 children recruited, 98 ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation of age $49{\pm}7months$) completed the study. Both sip feeds were well tolerated, with high compliance ($80{\pm}24%$ and $81{\pm}22%$ of prescribed volume in 1.5 kcal/mL and 1.0 kcal/mL groups respectively, p=0.79). Both study groups gained similar weight during the 28 days intervention period ($0.42{\pm}0.40kg$ in 1.5 kcal/mL group vs. $0.49{\pm}0.49kg$ in 1.0 kcal/mL group, p=0.43). There were no significant differences between the groups in weight gain and in the change in WHZ score over the intervention period. Dietary analysis at the end of the study did not show replacement of solid food by the oral nutritional supplements. Conclusion: In children with mild to moderate malnutrition, both 1.5 kcal/mL and 1 kcal/mL pediatric sip feeds had high compliance and were well tolerated, and were equally effective in promoting weight gain in the 28 days study period.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2009

The sublingual locus has recently received great attention as a delivery site for various immunotherapies, including those that induce allergen-specific tolerance, and for vaccines that generate protective immunity. To further understand the immune functions of the human sublingual mucosa, we characterized the distribution of various immunocytes therein by immunohistochemistry. We identified professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), including Langerhans cells (LCs) and macrophages. $CD1a^+$ and $langerin^+$ LCs were further found to be distributed in the basal and supra-basal layers of the epithelium, and macrophages were identified in the lamina propria. HLA-$DR^+$ cells were observed in both the epithelium and the lamina propria, which mirrors the tissue distribution of LCs and macrophages within these tissues. $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, and $CD8^+$ T cells were found to be distributed along the basal layer of the epithelium and also in the lamina propria. Although B cells, plasma cells, and $Foxp3^+$ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were only occasionally observed in the human sublingual mucosa in the absence of inflammation, they did show enrichment at inflammatory sites. Hence, we have further elucidated the immune cell component distribution in human sublingual mucosa.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.124-133
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• 2010

The object of this study was to obtain acute information single oral dose toxicity of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, with mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test for detecting possible genotoxicity. In order to observe the 50% lethal dose, approximate lethal dosage, maximum tolerance dosage and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 50 mg/kg according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights of 12 types of principle organs. In addition, after twice oral treatment of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg, we checked the changes on the number of MNPCE. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings upto 2000 mg/kg treated group. The limited dosages in rodents except for increases of lymphoid organ weights and hypertrophy encounted as results from pharmacological effects of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts, immune modulator effects with some sporadic accidental findings not toxicological signs. No evidence of increases of MNPCE numbers were also detected in all three different dosages of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts treated mice. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD50 and ALD of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts in mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. And the results of mouse bone marrow micronucleus test of Mahwangbujaseshin-tang extracts is negative results.

• 치과방사선
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to aid in the prediction of tumor cell tolerance to radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. For this study, cell surviving curves were obtained for human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line using semiautomated MTT assay. 2,4, 6, 8, 10Gy were irradiated at a dose rate of 210cGy/min using /sup 60/Co Irradiator ALDORADO 8. After irradiation, MG-63 cell lines(3×10⁴ cells/ml) were exposed to bleomycin and cisplatin at concentration of 0.2, 2, 20㎍/㎖ for 1 hour respectively. The viable cells were determined for each radiation dose and/or each concentration of drug. And they were compared to control values. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There was significant difference of surviving fraction at 4, 6, 8, 10Gy on MG-63 cell line(p<0.05). 2. There was significant difference of cytotoxicity of bleomycin or cisplatin at all concentration of 0.2, 2, 20㎍/㎖ (p<0.05) on MG-63 cell line. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin was more effective than bleomycin at concentration of 20㎍/㎖ on MG-63 cell line. 3. There was significant difference of cytotoxicity of bleomycin or cisplatin at all concentration after irradiation of 2Gy on MG-63 cell line. 4. There was significant difference of cytotoxicity of bloemycin or cisplatin at concentration of 20㎍/㎖ after irradiation than that of irradiation alone(p<0.01). But there was no significant difference of cytotoxicity of bleomycin at concentration of 20㎍/㎖ after irradiation of l0Gy than that of irradiation alone.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2001

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid on radiosensitivity and radiation-induced apoptosis in NHOK, HEp-2 and FaDu cell lines. Material and Methods: We measured the changes in survival fraction at 2 Gy (SF2), α and β after treatment of retinoic acid (1μM) prior to irradiation with doses of 2, 4, 6 and 10 Gy and correlated the radiosensitizing effect of retinoic acid with them. Also, apoptosis induction was assayed with the flow cytometry on days 1,2, 3, 4 and 5 after irradiation (2, 10 and 20 Gy) combined with retinoic acid. Results and Conclusion: SF2 values for NHOK, HEp-2 and FaDu cell lines were 0.54, 0.64 and 0.41, respectively and the cell line of FaDu was the most radiosensitive. For cell lines of NHOK and HEp-2, pretreatment of cells with retinoic acid resulted in a significant decrease of the SF2 values. The α/β ratios of x-ray survival curve were 8.714 (NHOK), 4.098 (HEp-2) and 11.79 (FaDu). The α/β ratio for NHOK decreased on pretreatment with retinoic acid, whereas those for HEp-2 and FaDu increased. Radiation induced apoptosis in all cell lines but, retinoic acid did not affect the apoptosis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

Background: A co-inhibitory molecule, B7-H4, is believed to negatively regulate T cell immunity by suppressing T cell proliferation and inhibiting cytokine production. However, the mechanism behind B7-H4-mediated tolerance remains unclear. Methods: Balb/c $(H-2^d)$ mice were fed with dendritic cell line, DC2.4 $(H-2^d)$ every day for 10 days. Meantime, mice were hydrodynamically injected with recombinant plasmid expressing B7-H4 fusion protein (B7-H4.hFc) or hFc via tail vein. One day after last feeding, mice were immunized with allogeneic B6 spleen cells. 14 days following immunization, mice were challenged with B6 spleen cells to ear back and the ear swelling was determined the next day. Subsequently, a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was also performed and cytokines profiles from the reaction were examined by sandwich ELISA. Frequency of immunosuppressive cell population was assayed with flow cytometry and mRNA for FoxP3 was determined by RT-PCR. Results: Tolerant mice given plasmid expressing B7-H4.hFc showed a significant reduction in ear swelling compared to control mice. In addition, T cells from mice given B7-H4.hFc plasmid revealed a significant hyporesponsiveness of T cells against allogeneic spleen cells and showed a significant decrease in Th1 and Th2 cytokines such as IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-5, and TNF-${\alpha}$. Interestingly, flow cytometric analysis showed that the frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs in spleen was increased in tolerant mice given recombinant B7-H4.hFc plasmid compared to control group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that B7-H4 synergistically potentiates oral tolerance induced by allogeneic cells by increasing the frequency of FoxP3+ CD4+CD25+ Treg and reducing Th1 and Th2 cytokine production.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2011

Food allergies affect 7~8% of infants and young children, and their prevalence appears to have increased in recent years. Food allergy refers to an abnormal immunological reaction to a specific food. These reactions can be recurrent each time the food is ingested. Food allergy manifests itself with a wide spectrum of clinical characteristics including IgE-mediated diseases as immediate reactions, non-IgE-mediated disorders as delayed reactions, and mixed hypersensitivities. As a consequence, the clinical picture of a food allergy is pleomorphic. A well-designed oral food challenge is the most reliable diagnostic test for infants and young children whose clinical history and physical examination point towards a specific food allergy. Food specific IgE antibody tests (RAST, MAST, skin prick test, Uni-CAP, etc) are an alternative tool to determine oral food challenge for IgE-mediated disorders, but not for non-IgE-mediated allergies. Moreover, parents often impose their children on unnecessary diets without adequate medical supervision. These inappropriate dietary restrictions may cause nutritional deficiencies. This review aims to introduce clinical perspectives of food allergy in infants and young children and to orient clinicians towards different strains of diagnostic approaches, dietary management, and follow-up assessment of tolerance development.