• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.584-598
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• 2011

The age structure has been experiencing substantial change due to the decreased birth rate as well as the increased life expectancy. Gorge Magnus, an English economist, casts warnings of population ageing which has the potential of huge socioeconomic impact human society has never experienced before. The prediction that proportion of elderly people in need of oral health care will increase substantially is a new challenge to dentists in the future. The old paradigm that the aged person is just the person who was born earlier and needs the same conventional oral health care should be shifted to the new one. Elderly people tend to express their political interest related with health care system by actively participating in the national elections. The need to sustain economic status for the extended life span makes them seek eagerly esthetic health care to maintain sound social function. Most of them are under multiple chronic diseases and take related medicines. In addition, many studies report about mental change as well as physical change among the aged people. Since the prevalence of dental diseases among the aged is higher than other chronic devastating diseases, the aged seeking oral health care will increase. The aged who has different physical and psychological status as well as chronic disease and related medicine will show unexpected response to the conventional oral health care. In addition, the impact of tooth loss is substantial physically, mentally and emotionally. Dentist should prepare different approaches for the elderly dental patient.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.744-752
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• 2014

There are many causes of oral mucosal diseases, so accordingly, there are various treatments available. The most commonly used agents include adrenocortical hormones, antifungals, antivirals, antibacterials, and immunosuppressants. However, it must also be noted that improving oral hygiene and nutrition, and reducing stress are effective in symptom relief. Furthermore, patients with existing diseases of the oral mucosa should avoid behavior that may cause an increase in pain. Unfortunately, many patients are unaware of the activities that may lead to increased pain and therefore do not avoid these activities. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the behavior of patients with oral mucosal disease with regard to activities that led to increase pain. This cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of patients with oral mucosal disease selected from the Oral Medicine Clinic of the Pusan National Hospital during March to August 2013. These patients were randomly selected. From a total of 479 patients, 116 patients with mucosal disease were selected and 73 fully completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. Data were collected by using self-completed questionnaires. The results were as follows: Mean score of Question 13 (Not smoking) is $2.47{\pm}1.11$. Mean score of Question 11 (Not drinking alcohol or not using mouthwash containing alcohol) is $2.22{\pm}1.15$. The other questions resulted in scores lower than 1.5. The answers to the questions were scored according to the following assigned numerical values: not keeping = score of 0; little keeping = score of 1; often keeping = score of 2; always keeping = score of 3. In conclusion, patients with oral mucosal diseases unknowingly engage in activities that result in an increase in pain. Therefore, they need to be educated about how to behave to protect oral mucosal lesion.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.350-354
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• 2010

Tuberculosis has re-emerged as serious infectious diseases, and oral tuberculosis, though uncommon, can be seen in both the primary and secondary tuberculosis. The aim of the present review is to describe the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and the characteristics of oral tuberculosis. The oral tuberculosis lesion may present as a diagnostic challenge for the clinician. In particular, the risk of tuberculosis transmission in dental practises is potentially increasing, the dentists and dental providers must exercise strict tuberculosis prevention.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2013

With Korea's rapid entry to aged society, elderly population has become a major age group both in the whole society and medical field and its importance will be constantly stressed out. Elderly population is also important in the field of oral medicine which deals with chronic and recurrent diseases in the orofacial region of non-dental origin but there exist few studies indicating epidemiology of elderly patients in this regards. This study aimed to investigate change of age distribution of new patients in a university-based dental hospital and oral medicine clinic for last decade and to investigate clinical epidemiology of elderly patients (${\geq}$ 65 years) of oral medicine clinic. This study was performed retrospectively using medical records of the new patients in Dankook University Dental Hospital in 2001 and 2011. According to the study, percentage of elderly new patients increased in both dental hospital and oral medicine clinic and degree of the increase was greater in oral medicine clinic than in the whole hospital (p=0.000). 13.5% of adult patients ${\geq}$ 18 years of oral medicine clinic were elderly patients ${\geq}$ 65 years. 83% of elderly patients were suffering from one or more systemic diseases. Although TMD was the most common reason for elderly patients who visited oral medicine clinic, oral soft tissue diseases, dry mouth, burning mouth syndrome and oromandibular dystonia was more frequently diagnosed in elderly patients compared to adult patients aged 18 to 64 years. Pain severity and interference of Brief Pain Inventory and depression and anxiety scores of Hospital Anxiety Depression Scales were higher in elderly patients than in the adult patients (p<0.05). Increase of elderly patients with chronic oral diseases and pain needs more attention of dentists and specialists of oral medicine to improvement of assessment and development of tailored management because large portion of the elderly patients have systemic diseases, polypharmacy and impaired communication, possibly restricting treatment options.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.245-258
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• 2010

Smoking has been identified not as a major risk factor for circulatory and respiratory diseases but also as causes of various oral diseases. A number of clinical studies and regional health surveys have found an association between smoking and poor oral health status and between smoking and prognosis of dental treatments. However, there is few studies about status of smoking cessation treatment and policies in dentistry in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the smoking patterns of outpatients and outcomes of short-term smoking cessation treatment in dental hospitals in Korea and, subsequently, to seek further smoking cessation services in dentistry. This study was sponsored by Korean Dental Association (KDA) and department of culture and welfare. 825 dental patients were voluntarily participated in a 4-week smoking cessation program with nicotine patch and 297 participants of them completed on smoking-related questionnaires. All participants were recruited from outpatients of 11 dental university hospitals (primarily in the department of oral medicine, oral surgery and periodontology) in Korea during 3-month period from October 2009 to January 2010. The Questionnaires included demographics, duration of smoking, heavy smoking index (HSI), number of thinking of quit smoking, duration of stop smoking and reasons to smoking, awareness of smoking effects on oral health, and their success rate after 4 weeks of nicotine patch program was investigated. The statistical analysis was carried by SPSS version 18.0 program and Chi-square test. According to the results of this study, male in their 30s to 50s were the most prevalent of all the participants and duration of smoking increased with age. Attempt rate to quit smoking (Quit smoking) was the highest in 30s and 40s with duration of quit smoking ranging 1 to 3 months. Emotional stresswas the most frequently reported reason for smoking, followed by habit and pleasure in order. All age group showed high HIS over 71% and awareness of smoking effects on oral diseases such as oral soft tissue diseases, periodontal diseases and dental caries was found relatively high (50~60%) Periodontal implant was the main reason for participation in the smoking cessation services in dental clinics and the success rate of, 4-week nicotine patch program of all the participants was 29.4%, extremely low compared to that of medical clinics. Systemic education for dentists to be able to provide interventions to quit smoking including counseling with the 5As'and development of available measures for smokers is needed as considered that the low success rate of the smoking cessation services in dentistry could be explained mainly by lack of dentists' strategies, experience and attention. Awareness and attention of dentists should be emphasized and their participation be encouraged by long-term, multidisciplinary policies such as establishment of insurance fee, which would made a considerable progress in preventing smoking-related oral diseases and promoting public oral health.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2020

Oral examination ensures early detection and treatment of oral diseases and improvement of quality of health-related life. This is imperative as it reduces individuals' dental medical expenses and social costs caused by diseases. However, as the low oral examination acceptance rate continues to be a problem, this study was conducted to identify the factors that influence the oral examination of an economically active population. In this study, 4,836 economically active individuals between the ages of 20 and 65 years were studied using data from the 7th National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2018. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors influencing demographic and sociological characteristics on oral examination after adjusting for complaints of mastication and speech discomfort. As a result of confirming the factors influencing the oral examination, increase in age tended to be inversely proportional to the oral examination. Income level, type of job, and job position were identified as factors that influenced oral examinations. Compared to the group with a high socioeconomic status, which is represented by a group with a high income level or a stable job type or job position, the group with low economic status was found to have a negative effect on oral examination. Oral management of vulnerable groups, who might not be considered while devising oral health management policies, should be promoted through the development and provision of oral health management policies that consider employment status and environment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.185-194
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to aid in diagnosis of salivary gland disease by comparing the sialogram with the scintigram. In this study, 47 patients (52 glands) who had taken the sialography and the scintigraphy were examined. The result of two methods was compared with the clinical and operative diagnosis. The following results are obtained. 1. In inflammatory diseases of the salivary gland, the scintigraphy can be a valuable substitution for a sialography. 2. In inflammatory diseases of the salivary gland, we can get more informations in case of the combined use of the sialography and the scintigraphy. 3. In tumorous lesion of the salivary gland, the sialography is superior to the scintigraphy. But both methods are less valuable in diagnosing the extraglandular tumors.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-78
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• 2007

The periodontal diseases and dental caries are major infectious diseases in oral cavity. Many of the preventive and therapeutic dental products contain the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory components. But some of these antimicrobial have weak points such as coloration, burning sensation and insolubility in water. We have screened the therapeutic herbal extracts of the Plant Extract Bank for the antimicrobial activity on the major dental pathogens by growth inhibition assay. For the Porphyromonas gingivalis, 8 herbal extracts had an antimicrobial activity, 11 herbal extracts for the Prevotella intermedia, 43 herbal extracts for the Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans and 61 herbal extracts for the Streptococcus mutans. Among these extracts, 6 herbal extracts had an antimicrobial activity for more than 3 species of dental pathogens. These extracts are Araliae Cordatae Radix, Crassirhizomae Rhizoma, Mori Radicis Cortex, Psoraleae Semen, Pini Ramulus and Sieges- beckiae Herba. All of effective extracts were CA group, ethanol extracts. Among these 6 herbal extracts, only Crassirhizomae is known to have a antibacterial effects. Therefore these herbal extracts have a possibility to be a candidate for a major antibacterial components in dental products.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.293-299
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• 2014

Purpose: Systemic disease can manifest oral signs at an early phase, which may be crucial for the diagnosis and timing of treatment. This report describes two patients who presented with gingival enlargement as an early sign of acute leukemia. Methods: Two patients presented with oral symptoms including severe gingival enlargement. The progress of their symptoms was associated with underlying systemic disease. Results: The patients were transferred to the Department of Hematology and diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. They received appropriate treatment and survived. Conclusions: Gingival enlargement can be caused by underlying systemic diseases. Accurate diagnosis and timely referral are important for preventing a fatal situation. It must be emphasized that some oral signs and symptoms may be closely correlated with systemic diseases.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.136-139
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• 2014

Background: Occupational injuries cause major health problems, which the developed, developing, and underdeveloped nations worldwide are facing today. The present study aimed to assess dental caries, periodontal health of stone mine workers, and the relationship between wasting diseases and the years of working experience. Methods: The study population comprised 510 men, selected based on the stratified cluster sampling procedure. Clinical oral examinations were carried out, and periodontal disease, dental caries, and wasting diseases were recorded. Results: Workers were in the age group of 17-56 years; the prevalence of dental caries in the workers was found to be 74%, with a mean decayed, missing, filled teeth index of 2.89. A periodontal pocket of more than 6 mm was observed in 6% of the workers. Conclusion: The oral health of mine workers is in a poor state; steps should be taken so as to provide basic medical and dental care facilities.