• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 춘계총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.214.2-215
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• 2000

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.77.1-77.1
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• 2007

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2005년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.182-183
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• 2005

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of International Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
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• pp.303.2-303.2
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• 2001

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.77-96
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• 1992

In recent years intranasal administration of drugs has received great attention as a convenient and efficent method of drug delivery because of its potential to improve the systemic effect of substances with a poor oral bioavailability. In addition to offering advantages such as rapid absorption, fast onset of action and avoiding the first -pass effect, it provides for delivery of drugs from very lipophilic drugs such as steroids to polar and hydrophilic drugs such as peptides and proteins. However, little is still known about the nature of various barriers existing in the nasal mucosae as well as mechanism by which these molecules are absorbed. This review article therefore intends to discuss nasal physiology, experimental methods and evaluation of absorption from the nasal cavity, factors influencing nasal absorption, mechanism of nasal absorption, approaches to improve the residence time and to obtain the sustained-release effect of intranasally administered drugs, promoters and mechanism for the enhancement of nasal absorption, Several examples for intranasal delivery of various systemically effective drugs will be reviewed and illustrated. Drug metabolism in the nasal mucosae and problems associated with intranasal administration of drugs will be also discussed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2002

A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) was developed to increase the dissolution rate, solubility, and ultimately bioavailability of a poorly water soluble drug, lovastatin. SMEDDS was thε mixtures of oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants, which emulsify under conditions of gentle agitation, similar to those which would be encountered in the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract. Various types of self-emulsifying formulations were prepared using four types of oil (Capryol 90, Lauroglycol 90, Labrafil M 1944 CS and Labrafil M 2125), two surfactants (Cremophor EL and Tween 80), and three cosurfactants (Carbitol, PEG 400 and propylene glycol). Thε efficiency of emulsification was studied using a laser diffraction size analyzer to determine particle size distributions of the resultant emulsions. Optimized formulations selected for bioavailability assessment were Carpryol 90 (40%), Cremophor EL (30%) and Carbitol (30%). SMEDDS containing lovastatin (20 mg and 5 mg) were compared to a conventional lovastatin tablet $(Mevacor^{\circledR},\;20\;mg/tab)$ by the oral administration as prefilled hard gelatin capsules to fasted beagle dogs for in vivo study. The arεa under the serum concentration-time curve from time zero to the last measured time in serum, $AUC_{0{\rightarrow}24h}$, was significantly greater in SMEDDS, suggesting that bioavailability increase 130% and 192% by the SMEDDS, respectively. The self-emulsifying formulations of lovastatin afforded the improvement in absolute oral bioavailability relative to previous data of lovastatin tablet formulation. These data indicate the utility of dispersed self-emulsifying formulations for the oral delivery of lovastatin and potentially other poorly absorbed drugs.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2011

Itraconazole is a triazole antifungal agent to inhibit most fungal pathogens. To improve the oral absorption and dissolution of poorly water-soluble itraconazole, microsponge system composed of $Eudragit^{(R)}$ E100 and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) formulated by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method, and its physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of itraconazole were studied. The microsponge of itraconazole were discrete free flowing micro sized particles with perforated orange peel like morphology as visualized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that the drug loading efficiency, production yield, and particle size of itraconazole microsponge were affected by drug to polymer ratio, the volume of internal phase containing methylene chloride, stirring rate and the concentration of PVA used. Also, the results showed that the dissolution rate of itraconazole from the microsponges was affected by drug to polymer ratio. In other words, the release rate of itraconazole from microsponges was increased from at least 27.43% to 64.72% after 2 h. The kinetics of dissolution mechanism showed that the dissolution data followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Therefore, these results suggest that microsponge system can be useful for the oral delivery of itraconazole by manipulating the release profile.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2011

Tablet dosage forms have been preferred over other formulations for the oral drug administration due to their low manufacturing costs and ease of administrations, especially controlled-release applications. Controlled-release tablets are oral dosage forms from which the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is released over an intended or extended period of time upon ingestion. This may allow a decrease in the dosing frequency and a reduction in peak plasma concentrations and hence improves patient compliance while reducing the risk of undesirable side effects. Conventional singlelayered matrix tablets have been extensively utilized to deliver APIs into the body. However, these conventional single-layered matrix tablets present suboptimal delivery properties, such as non-linear drug delivery profiles which may cause higher side effects. Recently, a multi-layered technology has been developed to overcome or eliminate the limitations of the singlelayered tablet with more flexibility. This technology can give a good opportunity in formulating new products and help pharmaceutical companies enhancing their life cycle management. In this review, a brief overview on the multi-layered tablets is given focusing on the various tablet designs, manufacturing issues and drug release profiles.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2014

Transfection is a gene delivery tool that is a popular means of manipulating cellular properties, such as induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation by reprogramming factors (Yamanaka factors). However, the efficiency of transfection needs to be improved. In the present study, three transfection protocols - non-liposomal transfection (NLT), magnetofection and electroporation - were compared by analysis of their transfection efficiencies and cell viabilities using human dental pulp cells (hDPC) and bovine fetal fibroblasts (bFF) as cell sources. Enhanced green fluorescent protein gene was used as the delivery indicator. For magnetofection, Polymag reagent was administrated. NLT, FuGENE-HD and X-treme GENE 9 DNA transfection reagents were used for NLT. For electroporation, the $Neon^{TM}$ and $NEPA21^{TM}$ electroporators were tested. $Neon^{TM}$ electroporation showed highest transfection efficiency when compared with NLT, magnetofection, and $NEPA21^{TM}$ electroporation, with transfection efficiency of about 33% in hDPC and 50% in bFF, based on viable cell population in each cell type. These results suggest that transfection by $Neon^{TM}$ electroporation can be used to deliver foreign genes efficiently in human and bovine somatic cells.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to investigate the single and 2-week repeated dose toxicity of DHP2, a hydrophobic drug delivery vehicle, in ICR mice. The test article was administered orally to mice at the dose levels of 2.5, 12.5 and 37.5 g/kg for single dose toxicity study and at the dose levels of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg for repeated dose toxicity study. In both studies, there were no treatment-related effects on mortality, clinical signs, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings and organ weights of all animals treated DHP2. Based on these results, it was concluded that the 2-week repeated oral dose of DHP2 may have no toxic effect in mice at a dose level of 10 g/kg. In the condition of this study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be 10 g/kg/day for both sexes.