• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.193-196
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• 2003

We have developed a laser welding monitoring system to monitor laser welding process conditions such as sample feed rate, laser focal position, and laser power. A 2 ㎾ Nd:YAG CW laser beam has been applied to the welding of a stainless steel plate (SUS306) to investigate the welding monitoring. Theradiation signal from the weld pool was guided back through the focusing optics and the laser delivery fiber, and measured by a photo detector. By changing the focus of the laser beam along the z-direction, the penetration depth of the welding material has been measured. That shows the penetration depth depends on the frequency fluctuations of the plume signals which can be used in welding quality control.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 2002

It is expected that the SCM (Subcarrier Multiplexing) optical link system, in which a number of small scale base stations with only antenna and RF transceiver are connected to central station through optical fiber, is in demand. In order to analyze the performance of SCM optical link system fur RF signal transmission, MZ(Mach-Zehnder) modulator's transfer function is modelled as nonlinear form with the cube of input signal. And considering the multiple access interferences occurred In the demodulation of other users'CDMA signals with multipath components after passing through MZ modulator, the BER performance is analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.10-11
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• 2000

광통신을 이용한 근거리 전송과 장거리 전송에서 1.3 및 1.55 $mu extrm{m}$ 파장 영역의 빛이 사용되고 있다. 향후, 각 가정마다 광선로를 연결하는 Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH)의 개념과 광CATV가 발전함에 따라 1.3 및 1.55 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 빛을 검출하는 소자와 송신하는 소자가 필요하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 다중파장을 검출할 수 있는 집적소자를 제작 및 측정하였다. 본 논문에서 사용된 epitaxial layer의 구조는 N-InP 기판 위에 1 $\mu\textrm{m}$의 n-InP buffer층, 5층의InGaAs/InGaAsP 다중양자우물과 0.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$ InGaAsP separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) 층, 0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ InP clad층과 0.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ InGaAs cap 층으로 구성되어있다. 모든 epi 층은 InP 기판에 격자 정합이 되어있다. 다중양자우물구조는 84 $\AA$의 InGaAs 우물층과 100 $\AA$의 InGaAsP 장벽층으로 구성되며, 상온에서 0.787 eV (1.575 $\mu\textrm{m}$)의 bandgap energy를 갖도록 설계하였다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2001

The structural dependence of the performance of an 1.55 $1.55{\mu}m$ InGaAsPIInGaAsP MQW electro-absorption modulator for highspeed digital fiber communication was systematically investigated. The effects of n-doped SCH region length $t_n$ as well as the general structure parameters including quantum well number $N_w$, well-thickness $t_w$, detuning wavelength $\Delta\lambda$, and device length L were thoroughly analyzed. Thereby, a high-pelfoIDlance electro-absorption modulator with device length L of $100{\mu}m$ was successfully designed. The designed structure showed excellent characteristics that have residual loss less than -1.5 dB, operational voltage from 0 V to -2V, and extinction ratios of -2.92 dB at $V_{\alpha}$=-1 V and -10 dB at $V_{\alpha}$=-2V.X>=-2V.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1727-1730
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• 2003

A windshield wiper system plays a key part in assurance of driver's safety at rainfall. However, because quantity of rain and snow vary irregularly according to time and velocity of automotive, a driver changes speed and operation period of a wiper from time to time in order to secure enough visual field in the traditional windshield wiper system. Because a manual operation of windshield wiper distracts driver's sensitivity and causes inadvertent driving, this is becoming direct cause of traffic accident. Therefore, this paper presents the basic architecture of vision-based smart windshield wiper system and the rain sensing algorithm that regulate speed and operation period of windshield wiper automatically according to quantity of rain or snow. Also, this paper introduces the fuzzy wiper control algorithm based on human's expertise, and evaluates performance of suggested algorithm in simulator model. In especial, the vision sensor can measure wide area relatively than the optical rain sensor. hence, this grasp rainfall state more exactly in case disturbance occurs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.7
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• pp.50-55
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• 1999

We have fabricated optical waveguide which utilizes intermixing of InGaAs/InGaAsP multi quantum well separate confinement heterostructure. The waveguide was fabricated by reactive ion etching technique using $CH_4/H_2$ gas mixture, and the width and depth of the waveguide ware $5{\mu}m$ and $1.2{\mu}m$, respectively. The propagation loss of the waveguide was measured by Fabry-Perot interference phenomena using tunable laser. For the waveguide after $800^{\circ}C$, 30s heat treatment, the measured loss was 3.76dB/cm and 3.95dB/cm for TE and TM mode, respectively. This value is very small compared to other waveguide made by IFVD technique. Hence, this technique can applied to integration of waveguide and electronic devices.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.333-336
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• 2007

A Strained Layer Multiquantum-Well (SL-MQW) distributed feedback laser at a wavelength of 1.31 um operating from $-40^{\circ}C$ to $85^{\circ}C$ without any cooling is grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Lasers with high slope efficiency are achieved through careful optimization of a SL-MQW active layer, especiallyoptimizing the amount of strain, the well thickness, the barrier thickness, the number of wells, and the active layer width. In this paper, we obtain the slope efficiencies of 0.38[mW/mA] and 0.26 [mW/mA] at $25^{\circ}C$ and $85^{\circ}C$, respectively. Threshold currents are 7.1[mA] and 19.8[mA] at $25^{\circ}C$ and $85^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.29-30
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• 2001

This paper presents some results of plasma nitriding on hard chromium deposit. The substrates were C45 steel and $30~50{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ of chromium deposit by electroplating was formed. Plasma nitriding was carried out in a plasma nitriding system with $95NH_3{\;}+{\;}SCH_4$ atmosphere at the pressure about 600 Pa and different temperature from $450^{\circ}C{\;}to{\;}720^{\circ}C$ for various time. Optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to evaluate the characteristics of surface nitride layer formed by nitrogen diffusion from plasma atmosphere inward iCr coating and interface carbide layer formed by carbon diffusion from substrate outward Cr coating. The microhardness was measured using microhareness tester at the load of 100 gf. Corrosion resistance was evaluated using the potentiodynamic measurement in 3.5% NaG solution. A saturated calomel electrode (SiCE) was used as the reference electrode. Fig.1 shows the typical microstructures of top surface and cross-section for nitrided and unnitrided samples. Aaer plasma nitriding a sandwich structure was formed consisting of surface nitride layer, center chromium layer and interface carbide layer. The thickness of nitride and carbide layers was increased with the increase of processing temperature and time. Hardness reached about 1000Hv after nitriding while 900Hv for unnitrided hard chromium deposit. X-ray diffraction indicated that surface nitrided layer was a mixture of $Cr_2N$ and CrN at low temperature and erN at high temperature (Fig.2). Anodic polarization curves showed that plasma nitriding can greatly improve the corrosion resistance of chromium e1ectrodeposit. After plasma nitriding, the corrosion potential moved to noble direction and passive current density was lower by 1 to 4 orders of magnitude compared with chromium deposit(Fig.3).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.2 s.308
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• pp.19-29
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• 2006

As the security of personal information is becoming more important in mobile phones, we are starting to apply iris recognition technology to these devices. In conventional iris recognition, magnified iris images are required. For that, it has been necessary to use large magnified zoom & focus lens camera to capture images, but due to the requirement about low size and cost of mobile phones, the zoom & focus lens are difficult to be used. However, with rapid developments and multimedia convergence trends in mobile phones, more and more companies have built mega-pixel cameras into their mobile phones. These devices make it possible to capture a magnified iris image without zoom & focus lens. Although facial images are captured far away from the user using a mega-pixel camera, the captured iris region possesses sufficient pixel information for iris recognition. However, in this case, the eye region should be detected for accurate iris recognition in facial images. So, we propose a new fast iris detection method, which is appropriate for mobile phones based on corneal specular reflection. To detect specular reflection robustly, we propose the theoretical background of estimating the size and brightness of specular reflection based on eye, camera and illuminator models. In addition, we use the successive On/Off scheme of the illuminator to detect the optical/motion blurring and sunlight effect on input image. Experimental results show that total processing time(detecting iris region) is on average 65ms on a Samsung SCH-S2300 (with 150MHz ARM 9 CPU) mobile phone. The rate of correct iris detection is 99% (about indoor images) and 98.5% (about outdoor images).