• 농업과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.164-179
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• 1991

Korean agriculture has encountered two problems. One is internal income disparity between rural and urbarn area and the other is external Uruguay Round trade problems as an abolition of direct and indirect import barriers, reduction in export subsidies and to reduce internal price supports. These problems will be brought severe farm problems such as decreasing farm household income and repressing agricultural growth in the near future. Considering the above inevitable facts Korean government has implemented several development projects such as rural industrial area development project, rural special production area development project, leisuresight seeing farm development project, traditional food development project, unskilled labor training project for off-farm employment and so on, to increase farm household income through off-farm income increase. This study was mainly concentrated on the identification of operational problems and post evaluation of the rural special production area development projects which aimed at increasing non-farm incomes and giving employment opportunity for rural farmers in small factories processing regional special farm products and mine products. The main findings and problems to be solved for the successful project implementation are as followed ; 1. Total number of the special production area development projects as of the end of 1991 was amount to 138, and total number of farm household participated were estimated at 2,079, and total amount of off-farm income per farm household was reached to 3,011 thousand won. 2. The total number of processed special products have increased from 21 items in 1981 to 56 items in 1991. On the other hand the total number of farm household participated in the projects have decreased from 2,518 to 2,079 during same period. 3. Total amount of investment for the projects has increased from 1,429 million won in 1981 to 24,760 million won in 1991 but the rate of G'T loan of the total investment has reduced from 24.5% to 5.2% during same period. 4. 138 special production area development project are classified into 6 kinds of commodity groups such as 19 of general industrial good production areas, 52 of folks-industrial art objects production areas, 39 of food processing areas, 9 of fiber and texstile processing areas, 18 of agricultural and fishery inputs processing areas and 1 of stone processing area. 5. The total production value in 1990 was estimated 20,169 million won of which export was amount to 2,627 million won. 6. The finacial rate of return of the UNGOK KUGIJA Tea processing Project operated by UNGOK coops and BAKSAN ginseng tea processing project were estimated at 45.4% (B/C Ratio=1.17, NPV=152.5 million won) and 17.7% (B/C Ratio=1.12, NPV=120.2 million won) respectively. 7. More favorite terms and condition of the loan including collateral problems have to be given to farmers participated. Heavy investment and G'T subsidy policies should be started for the successful project implementation anf farm household income increase. 8. To expand market demand of the rural special goods G'T have to provide special program of TV or other mass media for commodity propaganda and the total cost concerned must be supported by G'T subsidy. 9. The special farm products as GUGUJA,MOSI'Ramie', Ginseng. SOGOKJU,HEMP,Mushroom.DUGYUNJU and Chesnut processing projects have to be propelled and expanded for off-farm income increase in Chung Nam Province. 10. Direct operational pattern of the special production area by coops is more favorable to farmers and recommendable considering with off-farm income increase and market demand creation throughout Korea. 11. In rural area, special organizations for project appraisal are not exist. Accordingly special training program, project appraisal, formulation and preparation for civil servants concerned have to be prepared for project selection and sound implementation under limited budget and financial support.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.275-289
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• 2011

Objectives : The recognition rate for issues and improving resolution for the recuperation income expense claim policy was examined. Methods : 1,135 copies of survey have been sent to the group of people who have claimed the dental recuperation income expense to dental recuperation institutions in Daejeon, Chungcheong Do that are registered to the health insurance evaluation and estimation office as of the May 2010 and 207 surveys that were regarded to be sincere for answering were analyzed. Results : Majority of respondence were belonged to the dentist institutions with more than 5 years of claim experiences as well as 10~50% of claim rate. The recognition of medical fee evaluation guideline was normal level, and negative recognition was higher to the health center with daily charge policy compare to the dental hospital and university affiliated dental center with treatment charge policy, Highest opinion for inappropriateness of dentist with significance was found (p<0.05). The openness of evaluation cases are regarded to be discharged through the transparent evaluation and most of the opinions for insurance claim evaluation adjustment are within the both 'Do not understand the evaluation guideline and program error of disease category, code and program' with significance(p<0.05). The reaction after the evaluation adjustment was high in reflection on the claim process after examining the reason for the evaluation adjustment through the evaluation and estimation office and university affiliated dental institution and dental center was regarded to be most active and deputy reclaimment was seemed to be most actively discharge the objection registration task (p<0.05). The claim error improving resolution recognition was highly prioritized to the accurate charting for the disease title and treatment description, improving the setting of claim program, and most highly recognized by the university affiliated dental hospital/dental center and comparably low by health center(p<0.05). and although the most of the responds of treatment description and browsing the medical fee was positive, 50% of dentists disagreed the idea so that this was creating a significant discrepancy with other groups(p<0.05). Conclusions : From this research, the recognition of medical fee evaluation guideline for dental (university) hospital and dentists were negative and high adjustment experience was examined as lacking of evaluation guideline understanding and error of disease name, code and programs and deputy reclaimment, university affiliated dental hospital/dental center were most actively handle the objection registration tasks and dentists have objection on the treatment description and browsing the treatment fee so that if these indexes can be referred to implement into the recuperation income claim process, this can be regarded to be a opportunity to create mutual credibility between recuperation institution, treatment pensioner and the evaluation institutions.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.149-179
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• 2003

본 연구는 외환위기 이후 우리나라에서 자영업 선택에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 미시적이고 거시적인 차원에서 종합적으로 검토하였다. 특히, 금전적인 제약과 실업률로 대표되는 경기적 요인이 자영업 선택에 미치는 요인에 대해서 검토하였다. 한국노동연구원의 "한국노동패널" 1~4차년도 자료와 통계청의 "경제활동인구조사"를 사용하여 분석한 결과, 학력이나 직업 경험과 같은 인적자본은 남성의 자영업 선택에 정(+)의 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났고, 여성의 경우에는 직업 경험이 자영업 선택에 부(-)의 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 부동산 자산 소유는 고용주 선택에서만 유의한 것으로 나타난 반면, 금융 자산 소유에 따른 소득은 자영업 선택에 오히려 부(-)의 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 기업가적인 문화와 환경 조건을 반영하는 자영업 경험 여부 또는 부모가 자영업인가의 여부는 남녀 모두 유의하게 자영업의 선택 확률을 높이는 방향으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 본 연구에서 가장 관심있게 검토한 실업률과 자영업 선택 간의 관계는, 우선 미시적인 분석에서 선택편의와 예상소득기회의 차이를 통제한 구조 모형에서 실업률은 유의하게 정(+)의 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 거시 분석에서도, 경기변동과 노동시장의 조건을 반영하는 실업률과 자영업 선택 간의 관계는 외환위기 이후 대체로 정(+)의 관계를 나타내는 것으로 나타나고 있어, 자영업은 실업에 대한 하나의 대안이라는 '밀어내기 가설'을 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 경기변동에 대응하는 자영업 선택에 관한 개인의 의사결정에서 자영업 선택에 따른 소득기회와 관련된 여러 가지 불확실성과 개인적 특성의 차이 등이 중요하게 작용하고 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.582-599
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 전포돌산공원을 대상으로, 공동체를 위한 공공공간이 절대적으로 부족한 도시 저소득층 거주지역의 공원 재생과정에서 나타나는 주민들의 갈등과 참여 그리고 공원에서 행해지는 주민들의 다양한 활동을 살펴보았다. 그리고 이를 통하여 새롭게 재생된 도시 소공원이 주민들의 일상에 미치는 영향 그리고 이들에게 공원의 역할과 의미는 무엇인지를 파악하고자 하였다. 돌산공원은 일반적인 도시 소공원의 기능을 제공할 뿐만 아니라 불량경관의 개선, 토론 집회를 위한 장소 제공, 문화 및 참여공간으로서의 역할을 수행하며 개방적인 마을분위기 형성, 공동체를 위한 공공공간 조성, 단절된 이웃마을과의 소통과 통합 등 저소득층 거주지역 주민들의 삶의 질을 향상시키는데 기여하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 공원의 창조적 재생은 저소득층 거주지역에 대한 관의 일방적 재개발정책이 아니라 마을 주민들의 참여를 유도함으로써 소속감과 장소 애착에 대한 동기를 유발하고 공공(도덕)의식을 확산하며 희망공간으로의 인식 전환을 이루는 계기를 마련하였다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 1972

The major purpose of this study is to collect the information related on the aspects of economic efficiency for solving the problems which are faced by farmers and areas, and providing scientific facts to farmers and related institutions for further development of sericultural sector in Korea. In order for obtaining the related information 12 sample areas among 23 major sericultural farming areas and 30 farm units in each area are selected and analyzed in this study. The fold suevey is made by member of this study team and graduate students in the Department of Sericultural Science with a prepared questionnaires. Cross-section and regression analysis methods are employed for processing the data in this study. The major findings obtained are as followings. 1. Sericultural earnings per Tanbo is, on the average, 22, 752 won in new cultivated areas and 29, 403 won in ordinary ones. There are big difference in the size of earnings by areas, especially, 46, 968 won in Kumo mountain area, compared with 16, 798 won in Yeoju and Yichun areas. General trend is finded that small scale farming units are made higher earnings and operating their farms efficiently. 2. Cocoon production expences per Tanbo is 16, 737 won in new cultivated areas and 19, 802 won in ordinary areas. There are also big difference in farming expences, especially, 27, 389 won in Sudang area, compared with 11, 689 won in Emjin area. 3. Sericultural income per Tanto is 10, 664 won in ordinary areas and 6, 898 won in new cultivated areas. Farmers in Kumo mountain area make the highest income of 21, 164 won and lowest income of 1, 296 won in Sudang area. It can be generized that about 30-50 a sized farmers make higher income. 4. Land, labor and capital productivities estimated by fitting Cobb-Douglas functions in ordinary areas are higher than in new cultivated areas, especially, labor productivity is higher in ordinary areas. 5. Changsung, Kwangna, Yunsun and Kumo mountain areas are technically and economically efficient. Sudang and Mujinchang areas are technically successful but economically inefficient and Emjin and Honam areas are technically inefficient but economically efficient. YeojuYichun, Chunwon and West Kyongnam are technically and economically inefficient. Technical and economic improvement program should be implemented for these areas. 6. Estimated Internal Rate of Return (IRR) on capital investment in Chongwon are is 23.5 percent. It is economically feasible, if we consider 20 percent of opportunity cost of capital in our economy.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1606-1632
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• 2018

본 연구는 기술사업화론과 억만장자 연구를 결합하여 기술업 억만장자를 분석한 것인데, 최초의 시도라 언급할 것이 많아 개별 억만장자를 추적하지 않고 기술업 억만장자 일반을 다룬 것이다. 본 연구는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 기술업 억만장자는 숫적으로는 중간 순위이지만 보유재산으로는 최고이다. 둘째, 기술업종에서는 4명의 20대가 자수성가하여 억만장자가 되었다. 셋째, 기술업 억만장자를 결정하는 요인은 신기술을 위한 사회적 노력과 이를 뒷받침하는 시장규모(인구)인데, 이는 기술업 억만장자 형성의 기본조건이라 보인다. 넷째, 아주 부유하지만 기술업을 소화하지 못하는 작은 국가가 많다. 여섯째, 저소득국은 불공정거래의 상징인 재벌로 분류되는 업종이 크나, 미화 4만 달러 정도가 재벌의 존재에 고비라 판단된다. 일곱째, 억만장자가 2000년대 중반부터 급격히 증가한 이유는 IT패러다임이라 부를 수 있는 새로운 기술기회라 판단된다. 본 연구는 지금까지의 기술사업화론과 달리 결과에서 과정과 시작을 보는 거꾸로 보는 기술사업화 접근이라 할 수 있다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2021

As the average age of national veterans has increased from 69 years old(2011) to 71 years old(since 2015) over the past five years, the overall medical service cost of veterans has increased by about 20%. The main cause of this phenomenon is 'ultra-aging', which accounts for 67% of veterans, while the proportion of health insurance patients aged 70 or older is 9%. Therefore, it is judged that the analysis of the trend of use of medical services at veterans hospitals in each region that is in charge of severe medical services of national veterans can serve as an opportunity to seek countermeasures for the severe medical system of national veterans. First of all, based on the details of major medical expenses (hospitalization, outpatient, pharmaceutical expenses) by region for the last 10 years(2010-2019), data significance was performed through a chi-square test, and the Central Veterans Hospital and Non-Central Veterans Hospital using EXCEL. 'Expected frequency' was calculated by year. By applying the CHITEST(observation frequency, expected frequency) function again, the p-value(p<0.05) was calculated, and the profit bias of each region's veterans hospital could be determined. The specific research method is for the last 10 years(2010-2019) for state-sponsored patients_outpatient treatment income, state-sponsored patients_hospitalization income, exempt patients_outpatients at the Central Veterans Hospital, Busan Veterans Hospital, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Daegu Veterans Hospital, and Daejeon Veterans Hospital. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted to verify the significance of the difference between group averages on the status of 5 medical revenues of veterans hospitals in each of the 5 regions, including medical treatment income, reduced patients_hospitalization income, and reduced patients_medicine expenses. It was found to be significant(p<0.05) at all levels, including region and type. Finally, the bias in the profit structure of regional veterans hospitals was the highest in 2017(p=0.0004) and the lowest in 2013(p=0.0349). In addition, in the profit structure of the Veterans Hospital, the year in which the'regional' variable worked the most was 2019, and the year with the least affected was 2010. The order of the former is Jungang(=31,674,713), Busan(=12,314,614), Gwangju(=11,957,038), Daegu(=10,168,015), and Daejeon(=6,991,034), and the order of the latter is Jungang(=57,868,791), and Busan(=19,183,194). Gwangju(=17,904,712), Daegu(=15,656,034), and Daejeon(=14,377,395). In conclusion, the profit bias of veterans hospitals repeatedly raced the lowest(p=0.01986) and highest(p=0.03499) for the past five years(2010-2014) year by year, with the 'regional' variable being the most in the veterans hospital's profit structure It was identified as a major influence factor. On the other hand, for the last 5 years (2015-2019), the influence factors of the'regional' variable every year were in 2015(p=0.02015), 2016(p=0.01741), 2017(p=0.00045), and 2018(p=0.00394). in 2019(p=0.00227), a significant difference was confirmed at a very low level.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2020

Background: Well-validated risk prediction models help to identify individuals at high risk of diseases and suggest preventive measures. A recent systematic review reported lack of validated prediction models for low back pain (LBP). We aimed to develop prediction models to estimate the 8-year risk of developing LBP and its recurrence. Methods: A population based prospective cohort study using data from 435,968 participants in the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort enrolled from 2002 to 2010. We used Cox proportional hazards models. Results: During median follow-up period of 8.4 years, there were 143,396 (32.9%) first onset LBP cases. The prediction model of first onset consisted of age, sex, income grade, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, blood pressure, and medical history of diseases. The model of 5-year recurrence risk was comprised of age, sex, income grade, BMI, length of prescription, and medical history of diseases. The Harrell's C-statistic was 0.812 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.804-0.820) and 0.916 (95% CI, 0.907-0.924) in validation cohorts of LBP onset and recurrence models, respectively. Age, disc degeneration, and sex conferred the highest risk points for onset, whereas age, spondylolisthesis, and disc degeneration conferred the highest risk for recurrence. Conclusions: LBP risk prediction models and simplified risk scores have been developed and validated using data from general medical practice. This study also offers an opportunity for external validation and updating of the models by incorporating other risk predictors in other settings, especially in this era of precision medicine.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.189-213
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• 2013

The purpose of this work is to explore different types of intergenerational relationships in the later lives of old retirees. This will be done according to the eligibility of public pension and the old age social security system so that the factors affecting intergenerational relationships can be analyzed, and to propose a plan to improve social adaptation in later life. The data used in this work are the Fourth basic survey data of the 2011 Korea Retirement and Income Study. The study subjects of this work were 2,435 retirees over age 65 who had children. In this study, latent class analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted to classify types of intergenerational relationships and to analyze the influence of relevant factors. As a result of the analysis, some of those in the group were eligible for public pension, and the ones who were not were classified into three types: the closely-living-together type, the separate-living-contact type, and the estrangement type. In the group not eligible for public pension, it was found that age, spouse, number of children, economic factors, and level of health satisfaction gave significant power to intergenerational relationships. In the group eligible for public pension, it was found that age, income and net assets, ADL(Activities of Daily Living), whether there was an IADL(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) spouse, and number of children affected types of intergenerational relationships; Socio-demographic factors, economic factors, and healthy factors became significant variables according to the classified types of intergenerational relationship. Based on the study results, this work suggested such necessities to lay the foundation for an elderly welfare system for social adaptation in later life, This includes the offering of programs for retirement preparation, the use of family and local society resources, and expansion of the opportunity to participate in social activities.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was carried out in order to examine organizational commitment in dental technicians and turnover intention level according to it, and to analyze its effects. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire survey was carried out by having convenience sampling as 200 dental technicians. An analysis of the collected data was computationally processed by using SPSS Win 19.0 program. An analytical technique was made by using statistical techniques such as frequency & percentage, t-test, One-way ANOVA analysis. The following are the analytical results of the collected materials. Results: In consequence of analyzing organizational commitment level in research subjects, there was a significant difference in the items for age, task field, job position in charge, career in dental laboratory technology, and monthly income(p<.05). The average of the item for organizational commitment level stood at 3.29, thereby having been indicated to be high. As a result of analyzing turnover intention level in research subjects, there was a significant difference in the items for task field, job position in charge, career in dental laboratory technology, and monthly income(p<.05). The average of the item for turnover intention reached 3.04, thereby having appeared to be relatively high. As for a correlation between organizational commitment and turnover intention, all variables were shown to have inverse correlation at a significant level. In consequence of conducting regression analysis in order to analyze the influence of organizational commitment upon turnover intention, a factor of having the most impact on turnover intention appeared to be normative commitment. The test value of the model was statistically significant. The explanation power about this was indicated to be 26.9%. Conclusion : In the above findings, the dental technicians are considered to need to be immersed in work with a sense of mission in performing job in charge, to strive to possibly have an opportunity of achievement and self-growth, and to perform a research and development in a manpower management strategy such as turnover prevention.