• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.26
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• pp.41-53
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• 2007

In the course of insurance claim administration, medical experts' opinions are called medical claim reviews. They are classified into two main categories: medical verification and counsel for claim staff. Medical verification compare between product coverage and the insured's physical condition. Medical counsel for claim staff is advice for claim staff when they have a question about medical knowledge to make a claim decision. A common example of medical verification is insurance coding of pituitary apoplexy. Some clinicians have insisted that the ICD coding of pituitary apoplexy is l63 of cerebral infarction, but the exclusion criteria of I code show that neoplasm is coded as C00 to D48. Thus, pituitary apoplexy must be coded as D33. An example of medical counsel for claim staff is interpretation of some medical conditions. It is divided into UCR(usual, customary, and reasonable) assessment, assessment of causality, and so on. Disability evaluation is another subject of medical counsel for claim staff. The final claim decision must be made by claim staff because only the claim staff have the authority of claim decision. Medical claims review is only an expert's opinion.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.8
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• pp.167-186
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• 2002

Since first introduced on July 1974, consolidated financial statements had been concluded or not depending on decision-makings by companies. But the Securities and Exchange Law as revised on April 1992 specified that any listed corporation must add consolidated financial statements and their auditor's opinion to its business report. foreign-based corporations became subject to the conclusion of the sheets and equity method from the time of business closing on Dec. 1995. Now all of domestic and foreign-based corporations, whether they are controlling or controlled businesses, are subject to consolidated financial statements. Business bankruptcies and restructuring under the economic crisis since the late 1997 raised the necessity of the increased reliability and transparency of consolidated accounting information and significantly changed contents of consolidated audit report. An analysis over the past three years shows that auditor's opinions about consolidated financial sheets are mostly qualified opinions whose proportion is being gradually decreased, while rejected opinions are annually increasing in proportion. When compared to the year of 1998, the numbers of those controlled businesses, and companies under the equity method were all decreased, but rather increased when determined on the basis of such numbers per a corporation. This suggests that corporations are promoting business diversification through business separation and share acquisition and advancing into foreign markets as well as domestic ones. Especially, special contents included in consolidated auditing report show a tendency to increase annually. Based on all these findings, the strengthening of accounting regulation will lead to providing more reliable information related to auditor's opinion about consolidated financial statements and raising the information effectiveness and validity of the statements as publicly notified.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.5229-5252
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• 2016

With proliferation of diverse network access technologies, users demands are also increasing and service providers are offering a Quality of Service (QoS) to satisfy their customers. In roaming, a mobile node (MN) traverses number of available networks in the heterogeneous wireless networks environment and a single operator is not capable to fulfill the demands of user. It is crucial task for MN for selecting a best network from the list of networks at any time anywhere. A MN undergoes a network selection situation frequently when it is becoming away from the home network. Multiple Attribute Group Decision (MAGD) method will be one of the best ways for selecting target network in heterogeneous wireless networks (4G). MAGD network selection process is predominantly dependent on two steps, i.e., attribute weight, decision maker's (DM's) weight and aggregation of opinion of DMs. This paper proposes Multi-Attribute Intuitionistic Fuzzy Group Decision Method (MAIFGDM) using TOPSIS for the selection of the suitable candidate network. It is scalable and is able to handle any number of networks with large set of attributes. This is a method of lower complexity and is useful for real time applications. It gives more accurate result because it uses Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFS) with an additional parameter intuitionistic fuzzy index or hesitant degree. MAIFGDM is simulated in MATLAB for its evaluation. A comparative study of MAIFDGM is also made with TOPSIS and Fuzzy-TOPSIS in respect to decision delay. It is observed that MAIFDGM have low values of decision time in comparison to TOPSIS and Fuzzy-TOPSIS methods.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.931-941
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• 2007

Traditionally, the decision of river width has aimed majorly at flood control and good river conveyance. And the river width has been decided by practitioner#s subjective and empirical opinion. Recently, however, there is a need for more objective and thus quantitative decision method for decision of river width considering not only economical aspect but also social or environmental aspect. This study adopts the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to improve the objectiveness in the decision of river width. Criteria and a standardized process are presented for field application. Using the proposed method, one can prioritize various river width and make the optimal decision. We believe that the method can serve as a useful tool for river engineers in practice.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.183-190
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• 2011

The paper is to analyze multi-attributes for expanding new renewable energy in agricultural sectors which have environmental, technical, economic, and social factors consisting of 15 attributes which have both positive and negative impacts. We applied the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to data from opinion polls. As a result of the AHP survey, the overall results indicate that the respondents more weight on economical factor than environmental, technical, and social factors for expanding new renewable energy. At the lowest level, a comparison of individual 15 attributes within three factors shows that fixed cost highest in multi-attributes, followed by operating cost, technical superiority. To achieve the public acceptance about expanding new renewable energy in agricultural sectors, the policy-makers should take all relevant factors into account through the decision-making process by the public opinions.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.213-218
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• 2004

In this research, we investigate the method to support decision making of researcher when they estimate the safety on the subway using AHP of Saaty. To apply this technique, we apply to subway system. The AHP suggested by Saaty in 1971 is a tool to support a decision-making including the personal opinion and intuition, and it is easier than other method. Then, it has an advantage that control the complex object having multiple criteria simply. And we suggest the eight stage of accident type and the five criteria that must meet. Based on AHP, we concluded a safety in subway is more important factor than any other factors including economic points of view.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.584-590
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• 2001

An inventory management system of manufacturing industry has a model of different kinds according to the objective and the situation. An inventory management system needs superior system technique in demand forecast, economical efficiency, reliability and application for stable supply of the finished goods, the raw materials and the parts. This paper proposes a demand forecast method based on fuzzy structured neural network, which uses min-operation and trapezoid membership function of fuzzy rules. So we can construct an intelligent inventory management system that make optimized decision-making for forecasting data with expert s opinion in fuzzy environment. The inventory management system uses intelligence agent and it could be adapted to a system environment change in order.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.3-14
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• 2014

Online communities are an important source of electronic-word-of-mouth (eWOM), however few studies have examined these types of messages within the Middle Eastern context. This study focuses on Kuwaiti women as members of an online beauty forum; previous work has suggested a mediating effect of gender with women being more likely to trust and follow-up word-of-mouth with a purchase. A conceptual model, based on existing theoretical contributions, provides the basis of a coding framework for the message characteristics that influence members' eWOM adoption. A sub-set of the analysis is presented: 218 threads (1820 messages, coded into 6702 units) illustrating cases where eWOM was adopted and thereby demonstrating continuance intention with members returning to the forum. Content analysis revealed the prevalence of emotional aspects in messages, coded into a new category of 'community bonding'. Findings show that emotion expressed in messages is as influential and important as cognitive aspects of argument quality.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1566-1574
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• 2004

This study tried to find out alternatives adjusting basic fare using customer survey. But it merely verified that train fare decision is made by government's role and market status. Also, it has a limitation deciding resonable fare of KTX that average cost and marginal cost calculation is impossible because Korean National Railroad does not follow 'Activity Based Costing'. It is rational fare decision that performing survey to railroad experts and general customers, and compare two results. Summarizing results of this study, 1. The hypothesis 'Experts' perceived fare level of KTX is higher than that of general customer. 'is carried. It suggests that following experts' opinion with general customer's is very rational method to decide fare level. 2. The hypothesis 'Experts expect lower level of fare discount rate than general customer.' is carried. 3. It is hard to decide priority among many kinds of discount for difference of two group's preference. However, following recent research project is maximized by discounting fare 30$\%$ on 40$\%$ of total passenger and expand number of discount kinds step by step are desirable.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-118
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• 2009

Why the National Assembly of Korea shows the serious disagreements or arguments in its operation? Regarding the question, this study pays attention to the perceptual differences among the parties for the structure of collective decision-making in the National Assembly of Korea. In addition, this study asserts that deepens the conflicts and the distrust in it. To be more specific, this study discusses about the optimal model for collective decision-making in legislative politics based on Buchanan and Tullock's opinion about it. And then, the trust in legislature forms the basis that makes it possible to respect the will of majority and protect the right of minority. The main reason that can't make the collective decision-making optimally in the National Assembly of Korea is to fight each other without the consensus about it. In this vein, making the collective decision-making optimally and recovering the trust among the parties are necessary to adopt a more consensual system. It will be helpful to prevent the use of noninstitutional means like the outside struggles or physical resistances in the National Assembly of Korea.