• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.2227-2232
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• 2009

Novel polythiol materials of urethane lens series for plastic optical lens were synthesized from polyol materials via thioisouronium of thiourea with c-HCl in refluxing aqueous solution, in which polythiol material was carried out from hydrolysis of thioisouronium by ammonia water. Their structure properties were identified by EA, EI-MS, FT-IR, $^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopies and TGA. Their ophthalmic lenses as polythiourethane material were prepared by thermal curing to an injected glass mold using the evenly solutions of diisocyanates series (TDI, XDI, HDI or IPDI) with polythiols. Polythiourethane shows that the strong stretching mode for SH group of polythiol disappeared in FT-IR spectra after thermosetting polymerization. Thermal deformation starting temperature of ophthalmic lenses was determined by TMA. Ophthalmic lenses made from characteristic polythiol and diisocyanate series have transparency, colorless and good impact strength, in which thermal resistance and impact strength of ophthalmic lenses were influenced by diisocyanate series. Physical properties of ophthalmic lens have contrast thermal resistance with impact strength. The property of thermal resistance and impact strength for respective ophthalmic lenses was examined by TMA and drop ball test.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 1999

Screening of strabismus was followed in 1306 healthy elementary school students from 8 to 13 years old. The cover-uncover test with M1N GLASSES was used to screen strabismus for all of students and then we examined abnormal students by the prism cover test. Finally 16 students were strabismus. So the cover-uncover test with MIN GLASSES was a good method to screen strabismus because of easy and simple testing. The number of strabismus was 16 patients who consisted in from 10 to 13 years old, and girls(2.4%) was 3 times more than boys(0.9%). The type of 16 strabismus was only heterophoria which consisted in 8 patients of exophoria, 7 patients of esophoria and 1 patient of hyperphoria. So the rate of exophoria and esophoria was almost same. 3 patients was ametropic amblyopia by testing visual acuity, and all of patients were normal color vision by color testing.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.299-310
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• 2006

The eye irritant test of lens washing agent, $SOLOCARE^{TM}$ was conducted using Draize methods according to KFDA Guidelines 1999-61. In addition, to test the potential toxicity of test articles the ratio of inflammatory cells and non-inflammatory epitheloid cells were also observed using smear cytology methods against ocular discharge. At sacrifice, the histopathological changes on Cornea, Iris, Retina and Sclera were also observed in all animals. Slight (1~2 degrees) irritancy of cornea and conjunctiva were observed at 1, 2 and 3 days after dropping in non-washing group. The MIOI of these points are detected as 4.33, 3.33 and 2.00, respectively. In washing group, slight irritancy of cornea and conjunctiva were restricted to 1 and 2 days after dropping with MIOI as 3.00 and 1.33, respectively. Therefore, $SOLOCARE^{TM}$ was also considered as non-irritating materials because the MIOI is detected below 5.00 throughout the whole experimental periods in both washing and non-washing groups and the IAOI is also detected as 4.33 (1 day after dropping). No meaningful changes on smear cytology of ocular discharges are observed in this study compared to that of non-treated intact eyes. In addition, no abnormal histopathological changes on the cornea, iris, retina and sclera were also detected in $SOLOCARE^{TM}$ dropping group compared to that of non-treated intact eyes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.681-693
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• 2019

Multi-use ophthalmic solutions are used many times after opening; therefore, there is a high possibility of decreased quality during use. This study was conducted to determine the recommended use period of multi-use ophthalmic solutions based on evaluation of the stability by comparing stability evaluation regulations of the USA, EU and Korea We selected four types of multi-use ophthalmic solutions (Olopatadine (Olo), Fluorometholone (Flu), Dorzolamide (Dor), Timolol (Timol)) that are frequently marketed in Korea and evaluated their stability during storage according to the actual usage method after opening. The Olo had a decrease in assay and preservative content at 2 months after opening, while Flu showed a significant difference from day 28 after opening. For Dor, significant differences were observed from day 14 after opening in the assay and impurity test item and Timol showed a significant difference from day 28 after opening. Based on the results of the stability test Olo and Flu should only be used within 28 days of opening, while Dor and Timol should be used within 14 days of opening. Therefore, we suggest that regulations system related use periods of multi-use ophthalmic solutions designed as aseptic preparations should be improved based on the results of stability tests after opening.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.506-508
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• 1999

An one-year-old, female pointer dog with conjunctival hyperemia, corneal opaque and ocular pain in right eye was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Chungbuk National University. In the ophthalmic examination the worm was observed in anterior chamber, The heart worm antigen test was positive. A modified Knott's test was negative. The values of complete blood count and serum chemistry (TP, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, albumin, globuline) showed normal ranges. Any abnormality was not detected in the heart using a thoracic radiography and cardiac sonography. Therefore, this dog was diagnosed as ocular filariasis. The worm was removed by surgical incision through a limbus of cornea. The closure of limbal incision was sutured in a simple interrupted suture pattern with 6-0 silk and the eye was reinflated with sterile saline solution. Antibiotics and dexamethasone ophthalmic solution were applied to right eye every 24 hours for 7 days. To prevent latent filariasis, ivermectin was also administered on day 14 of operation. The heart worm antigen test on day 60 was negative. The dog was successfully cured.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 2006

For this study, we analysed the difference of values between noncycloplegic and cycloplegic autorefraction in primary school children. We classified the elementary school one, two, three grade (8~10age) 79children(158eyes) who did not have strabismus or amblyopia. They were examined by using the Autorefractor in domestic market before and after cycloplegic. Discrepancies beyond 0.50D in spherical and cylindrical power and 20 degree in cylindrical axis were regarded as significant. The percentages of discrepancy were greater in spherical power between noncydoplegic and cycloplegic autorefraction(p<0.05). The percentages of discrepancy were not greater in cylindrical power between noncycloplegic and cycloplegic autorefraction. The percentages of discrepancy were greater in cylindrical axis between noncydoplegic and cycloplegic autorefraction(p<0.05). In conclusion, for the primary school children who did not wear glasses, the prediction table of this study will be helpful to reduce the test error in visual acuity and refractive error tests.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.397-415
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• 2004

This study surveyed differences among KS, ISO, JIS and ANSI ophthalmic spectacle lenses standards. These standards applied to several lenses that were in common currency and we checked over problems and improvements in KS. KS corresponded to ISO, for the most part, and ANSI, partly. But terms, definitions, progressive power lenses standards, UV transmittance and base curves clauses did not exist in KS. There was no differences between nominal data and actual data in important clauses estimation-minimum requirements on refractive power, tolerances on the size of lenses, material and surface quality. But tolerances of thickness, base curves, UV and visible transmittance values were not existing, there were differences among several ophthalmic spectacle lenses in the test of these clauses. These requirements will be needed for better and more comfortable vision.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2005

Accommodation and convergence is combination movement which is closely connected with each other. When one of them is stimulated, both of functions occur at the same time. Specially, the convergence by the accommodation's stimulation is called as accommodative convergence. That has excess or deficiency according to refraction state of eye. This study was performed by using both of Gradient method and Heterophoria method to 41 adults who have no any ophthalmic disease. 1. As the result of investigation about the distribution of heterophoria at distance, there were orthophoria of 5 subjects, exophoria of 32 and esophoria of 4. Exoporia occupied at the hightest rate. The distribution of heterophoria at near cover a wider range more than at distance. 2. When we measured the horizontal heterophoria amount in the state of relaxation of accommodation power of lens, exophoria amount increased in case of 38 subjects. 3. The person who has $4{\sim}6{\Delta}/D$ which conform to normal AC/A ratio occupied 27 subjects(66%) in Heterophoria method and 16(39%) in Gradient method, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.89-96
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to investigate and analyze understanding and knowledge of the eye in biological science education for middle and high school students in Busan. Methods: A total of 821 middle and high school students from four different schools participated by self-administered questionnaire test. The results were compared and analyzed by grade and gender. Results: In the survey of the understanding about the eye in the biological science curriculum, the results indicated that the more learning of the eye in biological science lecture led to the more understanding of the role of the eye. The difference of understanding the eye between learned and unlearned students in biological sciences lecture was significant (p<0.01). In the survey of the knowledge of the eye, students did not know about myopia and astigmatism (average value <50). Conclusions: As biological science education is one of the major factors to understand the role of the eye, this result suggests that more information about the eye in the curriculum of biology is included.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2005

In this study, we measured Near Point of Convergence(N.P.C) tests, Phoria tests using Von Grafe method and relative convergence tests on 138 men and 162 women, so a total of 300 subjects aged between 8~45 to examine the improvement of the fusion vergence through visual training and obtained as follows. 1. According to the results, the near point of convergence of 57 (19%) subjects were shorter than 7cm, and 243 (81%) were 7cm or longer, having a problem in convergence. After visual training, the number of subjects have the value shorter than 7 cm increased from 57 to 111 (37%), and the number of those have the value 7cm or longer decreased significantly form 243 to 189 (63%). 2. The results of the measure of lateral Phoria at far distance by Von Grafe method showed orthophoria 18 (6%), exophoria 198 (66%), esophoria 84 (28%). After phoria test, we examined the N.R.C and P.R.C test. The results showed that the hope finger was improved after V.T using B.l, B.O card. 3. The results of the measure of lateral Phoria at near distance by Von Grafe method showed orthophoria 6 (2%), exophoria 222 (74%), esophoria 72 (24%). After phoria test, we examine the N.R.C and P.R.C test. The results showed that the hope finger was improved after V.T using B.I, B.O card.