• 무역상무연구
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• 제48권
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• pp.27-56
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• 2010

Pollution emissions from international shipping and port activities have a significant impact on public health and global climate changes. The purpose of this paper is to review the status of pollution mitigation measures implemented to date in port industry and find out some implications for Korean ports. For this aim, the clean air strategies of the world major ports including six USA ports (Los Angeles/Long Beach, Now York/New Jersey, and Seattle and Tacoma), two European ports (Rotterdam and Gothenburg) and Busan Port were considered. Various measures to reduce emission from ports are evaluated by sectors-ocean going vessels, cargo handling equipments, truck and rail-, on the basis of categories such as reduction control technologies, operational changes and market-based measures. The policy implications of this paper are as follows. First, Clean Air Act Plans of Korean ports are required as soon as possible. Second, integrated approach is required to reduce emission effectively. Finally, the effect of port-related emission reduction can be maximized when various measures are conducted on a regional basis including neighboring ports. Furthermore, regional or global-based approach is useful to guarantee the level playing field among ports.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.117-142
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• 2015

The performance of bridges under strong wind and traffic is of great importance to set the traveling speed limit or to make operational decisions for severe weather, such as controlling traffic or even closing the bridge. Meanwhile, the vehicle's safety is highly concerned when it is running on bridges or highways under strong wind. During the past two decades, researchers have made significant contributions to the simulation of the wind-vehicle-bridge system and their interactive effects. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the overall performance of the bridge and traffic system under strong wind, including bridge structures and vehicles, and the associated mitigation efforts.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 F
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• pp.2641-2643
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• 1999

This paper describes the first field demonstration of the distribution STATCON in Korea including installation and its evaluation for improving power quality in distribution system. The purpose of installation is to verify functionally the voltage source inverter based equipment for voltage regulation and harmonic mitigation in distribution line. The operational data resulting from field test and the site figure are included.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2004

우주 환경은 두꺼운 대기층에 의해 보호되는 지표 환경에서는 경험할 수 없는 여러 가지 위험 요소가 있다. 근 지구 궤도에서는 플라스마 대기 및 원자 산소 등에 의해 부식이 발생할 수 있으며, 강한 자외선과 입자 복사 등에 의해 위성을 구성하고 있는 재료나 전자 부품 등이 손상을 입을 수 있다. 따라서 위성의 설계 시에는 운용궤도에서 예상되는 환경요인을 적절히 예측하여 이에 대응하는 설계가 이루어지도록 해야 한다.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2020

Improving operator performance in complex and time-critical situations is critical to maintain plant safety and operability. These situations require quick detection, diagnosis, and mitigation actions to recover from the root cause of failure. One of the key challenges for operators in nuclear power plants is information management and following the control procedures and instructions. Nowadays Digital Twin technology can be used for analyzing and fast detection of failures and transient situations with the recommender system to provide the operator or maintenance engineer with recommended action to be carried out. Systems engineering approach (SE) is used in developing a digital twin for the CEDM system to support operator actions when there is a misalignment in the control element assembly group. Systems engineering is introduced for identifying the requirements, operational concept, and associated verification and validation steps required in the development process. The system developed by using a machine learning algorithm with a text mining technique to extract the required actions from limiting conditions for operations (LCO) or procedures that represent certain tasks.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2803-2811
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• 2020

With the aging of nuclear reactors, embrittlement of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel, as a consequence of routine operations, is highly probable. To ensure operational integrity and safety, prediction and mitigation of compromising damage, brought on by pressurized thermal shock (PTS) following an emergency procedure, is of utmost importance. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes can be employed to predict these events and have therefore been an acceptable method for such assessments. In this paper, CFD simulations of a density driven ECC state in the ROCOM facility are analyzed. Obtained numerical results are validated with the experimental measurements. Considerable attention is attributed to the boundary conditions and their influence, specifically outlet definitions, in order to determine and adequately replicate the non-active pumps in the facility. Consequent analyses focused on initial conditions as well as on the temporal discretization and inner iterations. Disparities due to different turbulent modelling approaches are investigated for standard RANS models. Based on observed trends for different cases, a definitive simulation setup has been established, results of which have been ultimately compared to the measurements.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.181-193
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• 2018

아산화질소($N_2O$)는 기후변화를 야기하는 온실가스임과 동시에 오존층을 파괴하는 가스이다. 하폐수 처리시 생물학적 질소 제거 공정에서 주로 배출되는 아산화질소가 환경에 미치는 영향은 매우 중요하므로 대책 수립이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 하폐수 처리과정의 아산화질소 배출 관련 최신 연구동향을 종합적으로 고찰함으로써, 아산화질소의 배출량 및 생성에 미치는 주요 인자의 영향을 이해하고, 아산화질소 배출 저감 전략 수립에 필요한 정보를 도출하였다. 하폐수 처리공정에서 아산화질소가 배출되는 주요 경로는 hydroxylamine 산화, nitrifier 탈질 및 종속영양 탈질공정의 3가지로 구분된다. 실험실, 파일럿 및 실 규모 하폐수 처리 공정을 대상으로 아산화질소 배출량을 측정한 결과 아산화질소 배출량의 질소 부하량의 0-95%로 변이가 매우 컸다. 실 규모 하폐수 처리공정에서는 질소 부하량의 0-14.6%가 아산화질소로 배출되고, 평균값과 중간값은 각각 1.95%와 0.2%이었다. 아산화질소 배출량에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 운전인자는 용존산소와 아질산염 농도 및 COD/N 비율이었다. 아산화질소 배출 저감을 위해 운전인자를 조절하는 다양한 전략이 보고되고 있다. 또한, 하폐수 처리공정에서 아산화질소 배출 저감하기 위한 새로운 전략으로, 높은 아산화질소 환원효소 활성을 가진 미생물을 활용하거나, 기존의 탈질공정 대신 산소발생 탈질공정(oxygenic denitrification)을 도입하는 것이 제안되고 있다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2005

가뭄을 미리 발견하고 감시하는 것은 어려우나, 가뭄지수를 이용하면 가뭄의 파악이 용이하다. PDSI는 통상적으로 가장 널리 이용되나 운영상 제한성을 가지고 있다. 최근 들어 가뭄을 인지하고 감시하는 능력이 향상된 SPI가 개발되었으며, 이는 기존의 지수들에 비해 모든 시간간격에 적용이 가능하고 간단하게 이용이 가능하다. KBDI는 상부토양층의 누적수분부족량을 산출함에 있어서 증발산과 강수량의 순영향을 나타내는 지수로 정의하였다. 본 연구에서는 PDSI, SPI, KBDI를 이용하여 산정된 가뭄지수의 상호비교 연구를 통하여 표준 가뭄지수를 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 우리나라 8개 수계의 30년 이상의 기상자료를 보유한 기상청 강우관측소 자료를 이용하였다. 그 결과 PDSI는 누적되는 강우의 부족으로 가뭄심도를 나타내는 데 유리하고, SPI와 KBDI는 단기간 강우부족을 나타내는데 유리한 것으로 나타났다.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2023

Due to the steady growth of the online shopping market and contact-free consumption, the volume of parcels in South Korea continues to increase. However, there is a lack of manpower for delivery workers to handle the growing parcel volume, leading to frequent accidents related to delivery work. As a result, the government and local authorities strive to enhance last-mile logistics efficiency. As one of these measures, unmanned parcel storage lockers are installed and utilized to handle last-mile deliveries. However, the existing parcel storage involves the inconvenience of couriers having to put each parcel in each locker, and this is somewhat insufficient to relieve the workload of delivery workers. In this study, we propose parcel storage devices that use active loading technology to minimize the workload of delivery workers, extract operation risk factors to apply this system to actual sites, and establish risk reduction methods based on the ALARP concept. Through this study, we have laid the groundwork for improving the safety of the system by identifying and proposing mitigation measures for the risk factors associated with the proposed parcel storage devices utilizing active loading technology. When applied in practical settings in the future, this foundation will contribute to the development of a more efficient and secure system. By applying the ALARP concept, a systems engineering technique used in this research, to the development and maintenance of storage devices leveraging active loading technology, it is thought to make the development process more systematic and structured. Furthermore, through the risk management of the proposed system, it is anticipated that a systematic approach to quality management can be employed to minimize defects and provide a stable system. This is expected to be more useful than the existing unmanned parcel storage devices.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.843-851
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• 2009

Much work has already been done to control and regulate the worldwide problems caused by climate change, particularly the issues on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), having the highest form of concentration among GHGs composed around 1.0 billion tons of emission, and comprises about 98% of the total emissions from the shipping industry. Korean trade mainly rely on the sea transportation. Korean ship tonnages that was brought about by shipbuilders all over the country, continues to grow annually due to the prevailing demands on goods or material supplies and depicting only a small part of the global maritime activity. Nowadays, new build ships coming from the Korean Shipbuilders are being optimized by hull, structure and appendages design, The operational capability of the propulsion and auxiliary machineries in its maximum capacity to achieve the highest possible efficiencies for energy and onboard power use to mitigate $CO_2$ emissions are continually being done through the help of research and development. In this paper, the energy efficiency design index and anboard power capacity of Korean new build ships have been analyzed with response to data collected by ship types, and its respective fuel consumption in relation to $CO_2$ emission results. In response to climate change convention outcome proposals, the best way for the new build ships to become energy efficient is by lowering its operational speed thru adopting the state of the art diesel propulsion engines, patronizing the best sailing practice to lower the transportation cost on the different sea trade routes also helps in $CO_2$ mitigation.