• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.501-508
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• 2001

Objectives : Hemifacial spasm is painless uncommon disorder characterized by involuntary paroxysmal movement on one side of face. It is known that hemifacial spasm is mainly due to pulsatile compression by vessels at the root exit zone(REZ) of the facial nerve. Microvascular decompression at REZ of the facial nerve has become the standard treatment modality for hemifacial spasm. The authors have analized patients with hemifacial spasm treated with microvascular decompression to evaluate operation result and clinical course after operation. Patients and Methods : From 1992 to 1999, 41 patients with hemifacial spasm underwent this operation. Retrospective analysis of operation results and clinical recovery patterns was done. The length of observation had been more than 6 months in all cases. Results : The ratio of male to female was 1:1.4, and age at operation ranged from 24 to 66 years. Their mean age was 47.6 years and the mean preoperative duration of symptoms was 7.2 years. Most common offending vessels were AICA in 18 cases(48%) and second most common were PICA in 13 cases(31.7%). The rest of them were 3 case in vertebral artery, and 7 cases(13%) in multiple offending vessels. Patterns of improvement after surgery could be divided into 4 clinical types. There was complete recovery in 3 days after operation in 24 cases(58.6%, Immediate complete recovery). There was complete recovery in 3 days after operation, and symptom was recurred partially, which was gradually subsided in 2 weeks after operation in 4 cases(9.8%, Delayed complete recovery type I). There was partial recovery after operation and symptom was compretely disappeared gradually in 6 months after operation in 7 cases(17.1%, Delayed complete recovery type II). Finally, there was partial recovery after operation, and symptom was somewhat remained after 6 months later(14.5%, Delayed partial recovery). Conclusion : In conclusion, microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm is a safe and reliable treatment modality with good results of improvement and there are 4 recovery patterns in clinical course after operation in our series. Therefore, follow-up observation after microvascular decompression is necessary to evaluate the operative results and complication, especially in the delayed resolved cases.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.683-696
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• 2015

This study measures patients' meal satisfaction according to the type of operation (self-operation and contract operation) and identifies improvement areas. A survey was conducted using 183 contract operation patients and 60 self-operation patients receiving general meals. The mean score for satisfaction for the whole sample was 3.42 (self-operation = 3.51; contract operation = 3.39), and self-operation satisfaction was significantly higher than contract operation satisfaction. Mean scores were 2.98 for food, 3.26 for menu composition, 3.57 for sanitation, 3.78 for distribution meal services, and 3.50 for menu information. Self-operation showed a higher satisfaction level than the contract operation in food and menu composition. The ccontract operation showed a higher level of satisfaction than self-operation in sanitation, distribution meal services, and menu information. In terms of feeling dissatisfaction with meal services, both groups showed the highest dissatisfaction with food and menus, and both groups agreed on food and menus that required the greatest improvement. Based on the results, contract operation managers should develop and apply menus considering their preferences. Dietitians of self-operation strengthen communication between meal service staff and patients by carrying out periodic and systematic service education on self-operation.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.203-219
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• 2008

This study shows the following results. First, the assessment items of the whole exhibition operation, workforce, counselor's ability, facility and environment were important analysis factors for exhibition recognition, quality of human operation and quality of exhibition facility and environment. Second, exhibition recognition was found to be the most significant factor that influenced exhibitor's cognitive achievement, exhibition employee operation and exhibition facility. Third, exhibitors' satisfaction simultaneously increased as exhibition recognition and employee operation quality were raised. However, exhibition facility didn't strongly influence exhibitors' satisfaction. Fourth, high exhibition recognition, employee operation and exhibition facility resulted in high cognitive achievement and exhibitor's loyalty. Fifth, exhibition recognition is a highly influential factor to mediate exhibitor's cognitive achievement and exhibitors' loyalty. It implied that exhibitors' cognitive achievement and satisfaction were significantly related to the exhibition quality factor. Moreover, it indicated the effective and efficient operational method to strengthen promotional strategy, enhance the quality of employee operation, exhibition facility and environment. Thus, the results suggest a new method to evaluate exhibitor's satisfaction in the exhibition industry.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.31-44
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• 2015

Local governments in Korea are involved in three types of online shopping sites : 'direct operation', 'outsourced operation', and 'sales agency.' They are different in terms of the site operator and the charging mechanism among a local government, the site operator, and local producers. This study analyzes their differences in site traffic, local producers' participation, promotion, and partnership. The results from the investigation of 72 shopping sites are the following. First, shopping sites of the 'direct operation' type and the 'outsourced operation' type show significantly higher participation of local producers. Second, the 'marketing agency' type has significantly higher number of promotional activities than the 'oursourced type' which has significantly higher number than the 'direct operation' type. Third, the number of partnerships in the 'marketing agency' type is the highest. The 'direct operation' type is the second and significantly higher than the 'outsourced type.' On the basis of the analysis results, this paper suggests an incubation ecosystem model as a better way of involvement by local governments in online shopping sites.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2018

PURPOSES : This study evaluates the efficiency of snow removal operation resources using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results of this study can help decision-making strategies, especially for resource allocation for snow removal works on national highways. METHODS : First, regional road management offices (DMUs) for efficiency evaluation were set up, and a database (for years 2012-2016) for analysis was formed. Second, DEA was carried out by selecting input and output variables based on the constructed database. Lastly, based on the results of the DEA, the efficiency of each regional road management office was evaluated. In addition, the potential for future improvement was determined. RESULTS : The results showed that there was a large variation in efficiency of snow removal operation resources by regional offices. CONCLUSIONS : The results of this study imply that the evaluation of efficiency for snow removal operation resources is important when decisions related to snow-removal strategies are made by road management offices.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.72-84
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nurses' duties and tasks for job analysis of the nurses in the operating room. Methods: This study was descriptive investigation research using the 3-point likert scale questionnaires and the level of importance, difficulty and the frequency of each duty and task were analyzed. Data were collected by 422 OR nurses from 57 hospitals. Results: Job of OR nurses included 13 duties and 105 tasks. The 13 duties were 'management of operative patient' 'assistive work for operation' 'supportive work for operation' 'infection control in OR' 'management of equipments and instruments for operation' 'administrating medicine for operation' 'supplies management for operation' 'safety management for operation' 'environmental management for operating room' 'administrative work for operation' 'education for operating room personnel' 'development of operation procedure books' and 'elf development of OR personnel' Conclusion: This study identified duties and tasks performed by OR nurses. Based on these results, the importance, frequency, and difficulty in this study will provide research evidence for developing training programs for OR nurses.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.77-85
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• 2013

The efficient operation and management strategies of reservoirs in irrigation periods of drought events are an essential element for drought planning and countermeasure. Korea Rural Community Corporation has developed the real-time water level observation system of agricultural reservoirs to efficiently operate reservoirs, however, it is not possible to predict drought conditions, and only provides information of current situation. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate accurate irrigation vulnerability and efficiently reservoir operation rules using current water level. In this paper, the improvement methods of reservoir operation planning were developed with water supply vulnerability characteristic curves comparing to automatic water gauge at agricultural reservoirs. The 11 reservoirs were simulated applying the reservoir operation rules which was determined by irrigation vulnerability characteristic curves criteria and real time water level, and evaluated water supply situation in 2012 year. The analysis of results can be identified probabilistic possibility of water supply failures compared with the existing reservoir operation criteria. These results of efficient reservoir operation rules can be achieved enable irrigation planners to optimally manage available water resources for decision making, and contributed to maintain the water supply according to demand strategy for agricultural reservoirs management.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to figure out the effects of Open Laser Microdiscectomy(OLM) on deep muscles by comparing multifidus and longissimus muscle size (cross section area; CSA) of pre and post operation. Methods : The subjects consisted of forty patients who had OLM. The data were analyzed with paired t-test comparing left and right deep muscle CSA of pre and post-operation, and both the deep muscle CSA of pre and post-operation, using SPSS ver. 15.0 program. Results : The results of this study showed a significant difference in deep muscle size (CSA) between pre and post operation (p<.05). Although there was not a meaningful difference between right and left deep muscle size (CSA) in pre operation (p>.05), there was a significant difference between both of them in post operation (p<.05). Conclusion : Therefore we made the conclusion that the operation causes decrease of muscle tone in deep muscles and muscle imbalance by causing muscle atrophy in the lumbar deep muscle after the operation.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the method of using coraco-clavicular (C-C) sling with modified Phemister operation by postoperative clinical results, radiologic analysis and complications. Materials and Methods: 33 patients of acromioclavicular joint dislocation were included in this study. Thirteen patients were treated with simple C-C sling method and twenty patients were treated with modified Phemister operation. The assesment of clinical and radiological evaluation were performed and the final results were examined by using the Weitzman's classification. Results: In the final result of C-C sling method group, forward elevation $161^{\circ}$, external rotation $70^{\circ}$, internal rotation T8 level, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 83.3 points were checked. In modified Phemister operation group, forward elevation $155^{\circ}$, external rotation $67^{\circ}$, internal rotation T6 level, VAS 83.8 points were checked. In coracoclavicular distance of C-C sling method group, pre-operation 12.82 mm and last follow up 8.37 mm were checked. In modified Phemister operation group, pre-operation 12.8 mm and last follow up 7.7 mm were checked. In functional evaluation by the Weitzman criteria, C-C sling group had excellent 8, good 1, fair 1 and modified Phemister group had excellent 13, good 4, fair 3. Conclusion: C-C sling method would be the better than the Modified Phemister operation because of short operation time and smaller skin incision.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.743-758
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• 2015

This paper presents an advanced life cycle cost (LCC) analysis of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system and suggests a smart operation mode with a thermal performance test (TPT) and an energy pile system constructed on the site of the Incheon International Airport (IIA). First, an economic analysis of the GSHP system was conducted for the second passenger terminal of the IIA considering actual influencing factors such as government support and the residual value of the equipment. The analysis results showed that the economic efficiency of the GSHP system could be increased owing to several influential factors. Second, a multiple regression analysis was conducted using different independent variables in order to analyze the influence indices with regard to the LCC results. Every independent index, in this case the initial construction cost, lifespan of the equipment, discount rate and the amount of price inflation can affect the LCC results. Third, a GSHP system using an energy pile was installed on the site of the construction laboratory institute of the IIA. TPTs of W-shape and spiral-coil-type GHEs were conducted in continuous and intermittent operation modes, respectively, prior to system operation of the energy pile. A cooling GSHP system in the energy pile was operated in both the continuous and intermittent modes, and the LCC was calculated. Furthermore, the smart operation mode and LCC were analyzed considering the application of a thermal storage tank.