• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.563-572
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge, attitude and educational needs of radiation protection among nursing students and nurses, because it is needed to raise awareness of the importance of radiation protection. The participants in this study were 274 including 135 registered nurses on bachelor's degree course who had experience of the operating room practice and 139 nursing students. The questionnaire consisted of 45 items including knowledge, attitude, and educational needs of radiation protection. The findings of the study suggest that safe management education was insufficient for protection of radiation. Though, educational needs and intention of involvement were high, the respondents who were more knowledgeable about radiation protection took a better attitude of radiation protection. A radiation protection course development is needed according to educational needs. Nurses have to get a chance to receive education outside the hospital or be provided with a radiation protection program as internal education. Also, radiation educational experts and various visual and auditory materials are needed to promote effectiveness of education.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.550-562
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• 2016

Criminal Mediation System in Korea, it did pilot operation by Crime Victim Support Centers such as Daejeon and other two District Prosecutors' Office in April 2006. And starting 2007, Crime Victim Support Centers and Criminal Mediation System conducted from 57 District Attorney's Office and Branch Offices and now 2016, Criminal Mediation System is operated in all the District Attorney's Office. On the other hand, the Attorney General's Office established the 'Criminal mediation practical operating instructions' in October 2009 and created its legal basis at "Crime Victims Protection Act" in September 2010. It seems that the criminal mediation have to operate as the direction for supporting crime victims recovery. However, it seems that the overall infrastructure of the criminal mediation system is built. But I have experienced this through G Attorney's Office as a Criminal mediator activity from 2007 to 2016 now, some issues have emerged such as weak on personal safety in criminal mediation room, etc. Thus, in this paper, I will examine the problems about this and propose improvements of criminal mediation system to fit the practical criminal mediation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.986-993
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate performance characteristics of the thermal management system for passenger hydrogen fuel cell vehicle under various operating conditions. The thermal management systems comprised of a stack cooling system, an electric device cooling system and an air conditioning system for a passenger room were tested with driving conditions. As a result, in highway driving mode, the cooling performance of the stack cooling system with air conditioning on condition was 28.8 % lower than that of the air conditioning off condition. And cooling load of the electric cooling system in the city driving mode was 65.6% higher than that of the highway driving mode.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2011

PES UF membranes containing silver were prepared to impart antibacterial properties for waste water treatment. Asymmetric membranes for antibacterial application were prepared from polyethersulfone (PES) and silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) (PES/$AgNO_3$=15/2 by weight) solution in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) via simple wet phase inversion technique. These membranes were characterized by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weights (1000 ppm in water) at room temperature and on operating pressure of 5 bars. It was observed that the water flux of PES-$AgNO_3$ membrane is slightly lower than virgin PES but still increased linearly with the increment of pressure applied. The morphology of the resulting membranes was examined using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Elemental analysis using EDS proved that silver is successfully loaded on the membrane surfaces. Due to the success of loading silver on membrane surfaces, antibacterial activities were evaluated via agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) culture. By incorporating 2 wt% of silver nitrate, PES-$AgNO_3$ showed significant inhibition ring on both E.coli and S.aureus. Filtration of E.coli solution (OD 0.31) showed satisfactory rejection data with ~100% inhibition growth after 24 hours incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. Resultant membranes also exhibit better tensile strength (compared to virgin PES) up to 71% may be due to the suggested interactions. The residual silver during fabrication was measured using ICP-MS and result showed that the residual silver content of PES-$AgNO_3$ membrane was only ~1% of the original silver added in the polymer solution. These studies have shown that PES-$AgNO_3$ UF membranes are potential in improving the filtration in water treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.137-140
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• 2011

Background: Although early reviews of clinical findings were mostly negative, there is still a widespread belief for the efficacy of preemptive analgesia among clinicians. In this study, we evaluated whether the preemptive use of ketamine decreases post operative pain in patients undergoing appendectomy. Methods: In double-blind, randomized clinical trials, 80 adult male patients undergoing an operation for acute appendicitis were studied. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. In the operating room, patients in the ketamine group received 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine IV 10 minutes before the surgical incision. In the control group, 0.5 mg/kg of normal saline was injected. The pain intensity was assessed at time 0 (immediately after arousal) and 4, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively using the 10 points visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: Eighty patients (40 for both groups) were enrolled in this study. For all of the evaluated times, the VAS score was significantly lower in the ketamine group compared to the control. The interval time for the first analgesic request was $23.1{\pm}6.7$ minutes for the case group and $18.1{\pm}7.3$ minutes for the control (P = 0.02). The total number of pethidine injections in the first 24 hours postoperatively was $0.6{\pm}0.6$ for the case group and $2.0{\pm}0.8$ for the controls (P = 0.032). There were no drug side effects for the case group. Conclusions: A low dose of intravenously administered ketamine had a preemptive effect in reducing pain after appendectomy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3961-3968
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• 2014

The portion of single-household in Korea is more than 20% of the total household, and expected to be increase every year and reach 24% in 2030. For the accommodation of single-households, a small housing system called the share-house has appeared and developed in Japan and Europe. In this study, a comparative case analysis was performed to determine the development criteria for foreign and domestic cases. The analysis was conducted in view of the building type and scale, plan layout, add-on facilities and features, and operational methods and target tenants. In the cases of Korea, the share-house is mainly developed through the remodeling of a single detached house with the characteristics of small scale and living room centered plan targeting specific individuals with clear operating themes. For foreign cases, it was developed through the remodeling of various buildings, such as hotels or motels, having the characteristics of medium or large scale and corridor type plan targeting for various individuals with a range of operational methods reflecting regional features.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.6 s.102
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• pp.529-536
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• 2005

Recently the building of ultra large container ship are discussed among ship building companies and ship operating company who have a tendency to pursue the advantage of large scale of economy. These tendency will be continued for the time being, if ship-building skill and economical efficiency are available. As the enlargement of container ship size becomes hot issues in ship-building markets, the needs for re-arrangement of accommodation house in large container ship are proposed carefully in some researches. This study examined economical efficiency of re-arrangement of accommodation house in ultra large container ship. The separation between accommodation and engine room is proposed through out drawing works in initial design stage and we examined the merits and demerits of the separation in the view of economical efficiency. The RFR(Required Freight Rate) is considered as the objective function to evaluate the re-designed vessel. The economical benefits are analyzed in the view of ship operator and shipyard respectively.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 2016

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has previously been used by water industry to treat high salinity wastewater. In this study, an anoxic-oxic biofilm-membrane bioreactor (AOB-MBR) system has been developed to treat mustard tuber wastewater of 10% salinity (calculated as NaCl). To figure out the effects of operating conditions of the AOB-MBR on membrane fouling rate ($K_V$), response surface methodology was used to evaluate the interaction effect of the three key operational parameters, namely time interval for pump (t), aeration intensity ($U_{Gr}$) and transmembrane pressure (TMP). The optimal condition for lowest membrane fouling rate ($K_V$) was obtained: time interval was 4.0 min, aeration intensity was $14.6 m^3/(m^2{\cdot}h)$ and transmembrane pressure was 19.0 kPa. And under this condition, the treatment efficiency with different influent loads, i.e. 1.0, 1.9 and $3.3kgCODm^{-3}d^{-1}$ was researched. When the reactor influent load was less than $1.9kgCODm^{-3}d^{-1}$, the effluent could meet the third discharge standard of "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard". This study suggests that the model fitted by response surface methodology can predict accurately membrane fouling rate within the specified design space. And it is feasible to apply the AOB-MBR in the pickled mustard tuber factory, achieving satisfying effluent quality.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.5
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• pp.19-40
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• 2002

For front, aspect of terror may have to prepare indeed even chemical terror or rocket and small size missile and radioactivity terror because is predicted to become various. Furthermore, when see motion of every countries about nuclear engineerses' bringing round and illicit sale of plutonium, our country may have to prepare in terrorism which is expected thus. So that can finish international event successfully because the United States of America supports great manpower and budget since New York's World Trade Center terror and when see that is considering terror prevention countermeasure, we operate temporarily bursting tube state complete charge team such as terror by each field specialist such as a concern interested including special CBR complete charge moving team among 2002 World Cups soccer game period ahead of international event, must consider safety countermeasure. Specially, biology weapon of chemical weapon and cholera etc. 13 kinds of 5000ton that North Korea plans CBR terror society confusion that North Korea that to terror support nation as well as nuclear weapons development suspicion is defending South Korea communization strategy as real condition that is amplified as well as is saving production brand gets imprinted uses CBR terror at normal times, when see that is planing powerlessness communization unity using CBR weapon at time of war, must operate until bias 2002 World Cups international event finishes cooperation safety countermeasure utensil safely under closer talk between the South Korea ${\cdot}$ Japan ${\cdot}$ North Korea. As for us which must serve 2002 World Cup successfully to accomplish perfectly preparedness of CBR terror firstly, all inhabitants knows well CBR protection trick, and secondly, CBR existing formation that solidify realignment CBR complete charge moving team which of course is consisted of CBR specialist compose and keeping immediate going out attitude operating, by third, that expand CBR individual protection equipment and CBR evacuation equipment and establish individual and group protection attitude naturally, supplement as there is main room that actualize CBR pollution patient's slogan countermeasure by fourth, and develop standard model for CBR terror provision by fifthBecause constructing infra of CBR safety establishing CBR preparedness that utilize it, must minimize damage and contribute inhabitants' life and property protection.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 1996

From January 1989 to July 1995, 18 patients underwent aortic repair for type A dissections. The e were 9 male and 9 female patients aged 41 to 68 years(mean, 53.8). Thirteen patients underwent the procedure during the acute period, and 5 during the chronic period. During repair of acute dissection, procedures included graft replacement of the ascending aorta only (6 patients), ascending aorta plus partial aortic arch (3), ascending aorta plus total aortic arch (2), Bentall's operation (1), and Bentall's operation plus total aortic arch (1). During repair of chronic dissection, procedures included Bentall's operation (3 patients), ascending aorta only (1), and ascending aorta plus partial aortic arch (1). During repair of the arch, antegrade cerebral perfusion was applied in 4 patients and hypothermic circulatory arrest in 3 patients. There were 4 operative deaths(22.2%), 2 of hemorrhage. and 2 of left ventricular failure in the operating room. Follow-up has been 100% completed and ranged from 2 to 53 months (mean, 17 months). One late death resulted from sepsis following secon operation. Thirteen of the survivors are doing well.