• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2015

Purpose - This article aims to present and test a model regarding franchisors' supporting activities that may positively influence franchisees' attitude toward the franchising headquarter and their own business performance. Moreover, the authors examine the moderating effect of competitive intensity between franchisee attitude and business performance. Most previous research focused on behavioral performance measurements such as satisfaction, trust, and commitment. There are few empirical studies that focus on financial performance data because it is difficult to determine a relational mechanism between behavioral and financial performance. Moreover, financial data is confidential and difficult to collect in many cases. However, this study measures financial performance (e.g., sales revenue per square meter) differently than most previous research, which is mostly focused on the behavioral performance measurements. Research design, data, and methodology - To test our hypotheses, we selected 137 franchisee managers who are running chains of one of the foremost bakery franchise brands in South Korea. This study carefully investigated the reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the proposed instrument by analyzing the data obtained from the samples. The data was analyzed using the AMOS structural equation modeling program. Results - The results indicated that: non-financial support activities (e.g., information exchange and communication) had a positive impact on the franchisee attitude toward the franchising headquarter. The franchisee attitude in turn had a positive effect on the headquarters' business performance. Furthermore, competitive intensity could enhance the relationship between franchisee attitude toward franchising headquarter and business performance in a local franchise market. However, financial support activities (e.g., rewards and promotional support) and training had no relationship with either franchisee attitude or business performance. Conclusions - This study provides some practical implications to franchisors in terms of franchise operation and store opening strategies. With respect to the franchise operation strategy, franchisors need to focus on non-financial rather than financial support. Most franchisees consider the necessity of financial support activities and not their sufficiency because these activities are specified in their franchise contract. In addition, it is important for franchisees to maintain a positive attitude for the franchise headquarters. The franchisees with a positive attitude for the franchisor can show a high degree of solidarity for various support activities, and it consequently determines franchisees' sales performance. In terms of franchise store opening strategy, this study suggests an additional criterion that can be considered in determining the location of direct and non-direct management stores (e.g., franchisees' stores). In this research, franchise stores located within high level of competitive intensity are shown to have a high relationship between franchisee attitudes of franchisor support activities and business performance compared to the franchisees located within low competitive intensity level. This result shows that opening non-direct franchise stores is more effective than direct stores in higher competitive market situations. Research contribution, implications, and further research directions are discussed at the end of the paper.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2014

Objective: Objective of this study was to investigate community pharmacy-based pharmaceutical care accessibility in Korea. Survey on the current pharmaceutical care service provision was performed by PM2000 XE, a real-time pharmacy manager program, operated by Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center beginning November 4, 2013 until December 6, 2013 towards all community pharmacies throughout the nation which use the program. Method: The survey questionnaire consisted of four sections: pharmacy type, time-based accessibility, item-based accessibility, and spatial accessibility for non-prescription drugs. Results: Number of pharmacy responded to the survey was 331, and size of the responding pharmacy was mostly medium-scale (66.47%) with 30-99 prescription fillings a day. Proportion of pharmacy with opening hour of 12 hours or longer was only 53.77% and it was less than 25% during saturdays and holidays. Item-based accessibility was generally acceptable for prescription and non-prescription drugs, medical devices, and health supplements. However, spatial accessibility for non-prescription drugs was problematic because only one quarter of the drugs was displayed over the counter, and most of the drugs were behind the counter so that customers could not reach out. Conclusion: Based on the survey result, current situation for accessibility of pharmaceutical care service in Korea is concluded inadequate and therefore needs multidimensional efforts to improve accessibility of the service at national level such as Korea Pharmaceutical Association and Ministry of Health and Welfare.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

This paper studies market efficiency from a weak form aspect using opening and closing prices of the Shanghai stock exchange composite index (SSEC) and Shenzhen stock exchange composite index (SZSEC) under the expected return theory. Classical methods (autocorrelation and runs test) are used to examine the features of stock returns, and little evidence against mutual independence of returns is found. We predict daily returns of SSEC and SZSEC with AR(p) and VAR(p) models (in this paper, p = 5 is taken as a one-week lag) and perform a virtual experiment on two indexes based on the predicted value of daily returns from AR(p) or VAR(p) model. From the results of AR(p) and VAR(p) for two indexes, we attempt to find out how the market efficiency level changes when the information from the other market is under consideration as we check the market efficiency level in one market. We find that SSEC in 2014-2016 and SZSEC in 2015-2016 are inefficient from the result of autocorrelation, that SSEC in 2016 and SZSEC in 2013 are not efficient from the result of runs test, that the stock market is efficient except 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2017 in SSEC and 2005, 2016 and 2017 in SZSEC and that SSEC is more influenced by SZSEC but SSEC influences SZSEC less from the result of the virtual experiment.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.441-463
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• 2009

FTA is acting as a central axis to accomplish the worldwide trade liberalization as FTA has been globally spreading with competition. As the global economic depression and the trend of new protectionism are getting grave, and the trade liberalization of GATT and WTO is getting delayed, FTA is spread as an alternative. FTA is often called as RTA: Regional Trade Agreement(regional free trade agreement) which takes place mainly around the neighbor nations or regular districts, and these days, it is tending towards agreements between long distant nations, so, it's not limited to the regular districts. Among the FTA agreement items, in addition to the customs abolition, the opening and investment liberalization of service market like finance, communication etc., intellectual property rights are included in the government's target range. Korea also is actively proceeding FTA conclusion. Korean government has concluded the agreements with Singapore, european nations beginning from Chile concluded in 2003, and is proceeding more the negotiations with Japan, Canada, Mexico, India etc. Now in 2009, FTA of Korea-United States is actually waiting for just the passage of assembly ratification. But, if FTA becomes effective, because our domestic market should be entirely opened, it is expected that the blow against our domestic agricultural field which is weak, compared with that of the United States, a nation of worldwide agricultural products, is not an ordinary one. According to it, we need a whole plan to cope with, so, the purpose of this study is to suggest the strategy by comparing and analysing the Korean agricultural competitive power, and to find the other development stratagem.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 대학생들이 자신의 미래에 대한 비전의 유 무 및 명확성이 학교생활에 미치는 영향을 분석한 것이다. 우리는 누구나 자신의 비전을 가질 수 있지만 그러나 비전이 명확하고, 비전을 구체화시켜서 비전을 자신의 삶의 목표로 삼을 수 있는지에 따라서 인생의 성공 여부를 결정짓는데 크게 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면 명확한 비전을 가지고 대학생활을 하는 대학생일수록 학교생활에 대한 만족감, 열정, 소속감이 강했으며, 학교생활 과정에서 일어나는 여러 가지 부닥치는 좌절 상황에서는 결코 포기하지 않고 부단히 노력한 결과 결국에는 자신의 삶의 목표를 향해 나아가게 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 본 연구에서의 분석 결과에 의하면 아직도 많은 대학생들이 자신의 미래에 대한 명확한 비전을 가지고 학교생활을 하는 대학생이 절반도 되지 않는 다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 비전이 대학생에게 미치는 영향과 중요성을 고려한다면 자신의 비전을 빠른 시간 내 가질 수 있도록 학교, 학과, 부모, 선배 등이 비전을 찾을 수 있도록 도와주어야 한다. 대학생들이 자신의 비전을 찾는 방법을 잘 알지 못해서 자신의 미래에 대해 설계를 제대로 하지 못하고 있다면 이제 학교가 나서서 비전을 찾을 수 있도록 지원해 주어야 한다. 그에 대한 구체적 방법으로 비전 찾기 캠프 실시, 비전 찾는 방법에 대한 교육, 다양한 분야의 독서, 리더십 강좌 개설 등을 통해 자신의 명확한 비전을 찾을 수 있도록 지원해야 한다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.97-114
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of privatization of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on their initial returns and long-term performance after initial public offering(IPO). Design/methodology/approach - This study used 1,599 Chinese IPO firms, some of which were SOEs. The multivariate regression analyses were implemented to analyze their effects. Findings - First, the privatization of SOEs does not have any statistically significant effect on the initial return of IPO firms. Second, the shareholdings of government prior to IPOs for both privatizing of SOEs and non-privatizing firms and for both exchanges of Shanghai and Shenzhen have a statistically significant positive effect on the initial return of IPO firms. Third, the privatization of SOEs has statistically significant negative effect on the long-term returns of IPO firms. Fourth, the state-shareholdings prior to IPOs have statistically significant negative effects on the long-term return of IPO firms. Fifth, the state-shareholdings of the privatizing SOEs prior to IPOs have statistically significant positive effects on the long-term return of IPO firms. Research implications or Originality - The results imply that the higher shareholdings and ownership of the Chinese government on SOEs reduce the information asymmetry for the investors of IPO shares or maybe due to inefficiency of SOEs prior to IPOs lead to lower offer prices or higher opening prices leading to severe underpricing and relatively lower stock market returns in the long-run both for the privatizing firms and for the higher state-shareholding firms, while both factors interactively improve their long-term stock market returns.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.259-263
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• 2014

ICT 분야에서 2014년의 주목할 만한 이슈 중 하나가 "입는 컴퓨터(Wearable Computer)" 즉 "Wearable Device" 시대의 개막이다. 삼성 갤럭시 기어, 구글 글래스, 그리고 애플 워치와 같은 제품들을 웨어러블 디바이스라고 한다. MIT 미디어 랩의 정의에 따르면 웨어러블 디바이스는 신체에 부착하여 컴퓨팅 행위를 할 수 있는 모든 것을 지칭하며 일부 컴퓨팅 기능을 수행할 수 있는 애플리케이션까지 포함하고 있다. 웨어러블 디바이스는 또 하나의 두뇌다. 웨어러블 디바이스가 대중화되면 달라지는 것이 수없이 많아질 것이다. 일단 두 손이 자유로워진다. 내 몸이 24시간 인터넷과 연결되기 때문이다. 단지 스마트폰이나 디바이스를 몸에 붙인다는 수준이 아니라 디바이스가 바로 우리 몸의 외부에 연결되어 있는 두뇌 역할을 하게 될 것이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 웨어러블 디바이스의 기술 요소를 관련 기업들 별로 분석해 본다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.160-169
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• 2011

In Korea, the construction company has provided houses through apartment sales system. Residents have obtained a variety of information about their future house by visiting a sample house called "the model house" before they purchase home. Advanced technology such as web-based VOD or Virtual Model in recent years has gradually replaced those built environment. In 2009, the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs announced the restraint to the construction of sample houses. Instead, they highly recommended a Virtual Model House as an alternative solution. This study aimed to propose how to design the user-oriented virtual model house through the experiment and survey research. The 3D virtual model house of 85m$^2$ apartment was built and presented by two types (Type A: Bird's Eye View, Type B: Walk through View) on the web page. The subjects evaluated presence, spatial perception and cognition, and usability of each type after exploring them. The results are as follows. (1) The subjects' evaluation of presence showed Type B has more negative effects than Type A such as feeling dizzy or tired even if their values were not so high. (2) The subjects perceived and cognized both types of virtual model house more realistic for the expression of volume of space, the size of opening, and the arrangement of furniture than that of wall finishes and materials. (3) The usability of Type A was significantly higher than that of Type B.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.3594-3599
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• 2009

경부고속선에서 사용하는 열차제어시스템은 ATC, IXL, CTC로 분류되며, 열차 속도 제어 및 간격 제어에 관련된 ATC 정보는 UM71 AF 궤도회로와 BSP Loop를 통해 지상에서 차상으로 전송된다. 궤도회로를 통해 전송되는 정보는 주로 열차 운행에 직접적인 영향을 주는 운영 정보로 구성된다. 특히 BSP Loop를 통해 전송되는 정보는 터널, 차축온도 검지장치, 또는 절연구간과 같이 특수한 선로변 환경에 대해 추가적인 정보 전송을 필요로 하는 구간에서 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 경부고속선 개통 이후부터 현재까지 기존선과 고속선 연결 구간에서 주로 사용되는 UM71 AF 궤도회로의 BA형 동조 유니트 특성을 기준값과 측정값을 비교하여 분석하였다. 이러한 분석을 통해 BA형 동조 유니트가 설치된 구간의 궤도회로 장애와 같은 문제 발생시 원인규명 및 유지보수를 보다 쉽게 이룰 수 있을 것이다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제16A권4호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2009

유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크(USN)에 기반한 엔터테인먼트용 자율 돌고래 로봇의 구현에 관하여 소개한다. 일반적으로 수중에서 동작하는 생체모방 로봇에 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크와 GPS를 적용하는 것은 불가능한 일이다. 본 논문에서 제안된 엔터테인먼트용 돌고래 로봇은 수중이 아닌 수면에서 동작하므로, 사용자와의 상호작용을 중요시하며 제안된 수중 로봇의 네비게이션은 GPS정보와 배치된 USN 모트로부터 얻어진 미세한 위치 정보로부터 수행된다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 돌고래 로봇의 기계적인 구조, 센서와 엑추에이터, 마이크로컨트롤러 보드와 수영 방법, 사용자와의 상호작용의 특징을 기술한다. 엔터테인먼트 돌고래 로봇은 유저에 의한 접촉 센서의 감지 신호를 입력받아 입을 움직이거나, 꼬리를 치고, 물을 뿜어내는 등의 전형적인 응답을 보인다. 로봇의 자율성을 위하여 경로 설정, 장애물 감지 및 회피 등과 같은 로봇의 움직임뿐 아니라 인간과 로봇의 상호작용에 관련된 기능들을 마이크로컨트롤러가 제어한다. 돌고래 로봇의 위치 정보는 배치된 USN 모트의 알려진 위치 정보로부터 주기적으로 교정된다.