• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.300-310
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• 2011

Recently, a new paradigm for the change in recognition on educational spaces and their recycling has been spotlighting a concept of community school. However in Korea, there have been few changes in physical environment since the modern education started, due to the inconsistent educational policies and bungled administration. In contrast to Korea, Netherlands has been activating educational spaces to communicate with the local community, reacting to the change in several educational policies for the last 20 years. We, therefore, need to analyze the recent community school of Herman Hertzberger who starting with the Montessori School, came to the fore with a proposal of new relational educational spaces. For linking his relational architectural philosophy to the local community and community school, he applied it to a contact area. He then organized socially sustainable spaces to promote different acts to take place, laying stress on mutual forms and behaviors between spaces and spaces, spaces and people and people and people. In addition to a structural relation with the macroscopic community of architecture, he also created opened spaces, not those where are independent or disconnected, by encouraging users to meet and act in detailed components such as stairs, walls, windows and others. This study aims to consider how Hertzberger's various community spaces in the community school have been created after the 2000s and suggest design plans for educational spaces to communicate, according to the recent educational trend aspiring towards open education.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2021

Open-source software developments are basically Internet-based communities that voluntarily collaborate in developing software on the Internet and such Internet communities have become an important cultural and economic phenomenon. As a result, the emergence of open-source software has presented a challenge to the traditional offerings by providing free alternatives. The objective of this article is to review the possibility of the adoption of open source software in the creation of digital libraries, highlights advantages and disadvantage preservations. Among our objective also explaining the request of such software at the present time and the criteria evaluated in the digital preservation through surveying the best open source software from the reality of intellectual production, and standards that are being built to evaluate and choose what software to create a digital library without other software available. To achieve the above objectives, we shed the light on the top 11 open-source software to manage Libraries in addition to standards that may represent the basic building block for the selection of the appropriate systems to the needs of the digital library. This article relied on the descriptive approach by reviewing a series of studies and scientific research works related to the subject of the current study. Accordingly, the most prominent of the findings of this work is its illustration of the close association between open source software and the library community, both of which represent free culture. Also it is shown that the selection process of open source software has some obstacles most notably as there are no clear and reliable criteria for selecting these systems. Current study has concluded a set of recommendations, notably awareness of the role and importance of open source software and the facilities it provides in managing digital content.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2007년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.122-127
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• 2007

Women's Hall is a local facility that supports women's activities in the community and has the purpose in establishing self-support for low-income women and women's participation in society. Its functions are largely separated into social welfare, education, culture, and community services. The purpose of this study is to highlight and discuss the characteristics of space for community functions among other functions of Women's Hall. It has investigated and analyzed ten cases in total of all the women's halls that have opened since 1995. The examples selected for study have been analyzed in terms of the functions of each community space, layout of the rooms, finishing materials, and colors. The result of the study indicates that social demand for women's halls is changing. However, the characteristics of the space or the environment are incapable of accommodating the change. In order for the women's halls that will open in the future to perform acceptable community functions, they need to determine the degree of satisfaction and preference of the users and come up with a specific proposal for improvement.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.179-198
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• 1994

Urban parks and open spaces provide the community residents with the most easily accessible source for outdoor recreation, contributing also to the improvement of quality of natural environment in urban area. The demands of urban residents' for more and better green area are ever-increasing. However, the level of most urban open spaces which are easily accessible for residents are not satisfactory to meet the residents' demand in availability and in quality as well. Most existing urban open spaces are simply built of green areas only or have been developed in almost identical design with little consideration for individual uniqueness of the site. When developing neighbourhood parks in urban housing complexes, for example, little consideration is being given to topographical conditions, interrelation with the adjacent green area, or viability of the urban ecosystem. In many cases, urban park development projects are being done with serious negligence of natural properties of the site, by even destroying existing healthy woodlands. for instance. The objectives of this study are; -To survey on the domestic and the overseas cases of regulatory systems, development status and planning methods for urban open space. -To identify underlying issues of residental park developments in urban housing projects and establish appropriate improvement measures thereof, by studing and analyzing current-use data of developed urban parks and management status thereof. -To establish improved standards for urban open space planning, by integrating above surveys and studies, and recommendation for revision of related legislation is also presented to implement these standards.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2002

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the KangWon Province Police Agency(KPA). The site, about 27,711 $m^2$, is located at 293-4 Udu-dong, Chunchun, KangWon-Do. Design objectives of the KPA were to build a symbolic place which fall community members with pride, to elevate an identity and status of the KPA by creating a landscape correspondent to the concept of the building design, to provide community residents with a space to enjoy cultural and social activities, and to make environment friendly space. The main concept was developed by one of characteristics of the traditional spatial structure of Korea known as an, 'Open and Closed spatial structure.'By re-interpreting the traditional spatial structure and applying it to the site, the design met the various desires of the KPA. The site is primarily segmented into 6 sub spaces; entrance space Podori plaza, symbolic court, police billeting area, sports area, and rear rest area. The entrance space, Podori plaza, and symbolic court on the south-west part of the site represent the publicity of the site as the concept of ″open space.″ On the contrary, considering the specialty of police affairs, the north-east part of the site, which contains the police billeting area and rest area, were designed to maintain security by using the concept of ″closed space.″ To express an identity of the KPA, 'Podori', a police mascot, the plaza was designed and is suppose to function as the hub of the community. In the front section of the plaza, a symmetrical planting pattern, centering the strong axis, was introduced to strengthen its symbolic meaning. Traditional window frames such as the pattern of 'Pisal-jige'and 'Umulsal-jige' were used for the paving system which is applied as the environment friendly design. Site facilities and furnitrue were placed at every important spot in order to connect various spaces organically. As these well-tied spaces properly shared their function, spatial sequence and management would be promoted. The entire space was designed to allow free access of handicapped people. This proposal is meant to create a new image of KangWon province and to enhance the way of inhabitants' think about their community.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.303-319
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 탐구공동체의 의미와 특징을 Peirce와 Dewey의 관점을 중심으로 이론적으로 고찰하고, 이를 바탕으로 탐구공동체가 갖는 과학 교육적 함의에 대해 과학 수업과 교실, 과학 교육과정을 중심으로 논의함으로써 탐구공동체의 과학 교육적 적용 방안을 탐색하고자 하였다. 탐구공동체의 의미와 특징은 다음과 같이 다섯 가지로 요약될 수 있었다: 첫째, 탐구공동체에서 탐구는 진정한 의심으로부터 시작된다. 둘째, 탐구공동체에서 탐구가 시점은 진정한 믿음의 상태이다. 셋째, 탐구공동체에서 탐구는 실제적 효과의 관찰에 바탕을 둔 최선의 설명과 해결책을 시도한다. 넷째, 이상적으로 탐구공동체는 끊임없이, 그리고 무한히 탐구하는 공동체를 전제한다. 다섯째, 현실적으로 탐구공동체는 공동체 속에서 서로의 의견을 자유롭게 의사소통함으로써 최선의 설명과 해결책에 찾게 되는 공동체를 전제한다. 이를 바탕으로 학교 과학교육의 장에서 탐구공동체가 구현되려면, 흥미, 개방성, 엄격성, 오류가능성의 견지, 참여, 끊임없는 탐구 지향, 충분한 시간을 그 조건으로 하는 "자연 현상이나 사물과 관련하여 진정한 의심의 상태를 믿음의 상태로 바꾸는 것을 목적으로, 참여자로서 목적을 공유한 구성원들이 실제적 효과에 대한 관찰과 오류가능성을 견지하면서 자유로운 의사소통을 통해 최선의 설명과 해결책에 이르고자 끊임없이 노력하는 교실 공동체"인 과학 교실 탐구공동체가 필요함을 제안하였다. 끝으로 이를 바탕으로 과학 교육과정과 관련하여 몇 가지 제언을 하였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the loss of open space of schools in Ulaanbaatar city and found out main causes of the conversion trend of open space to suggest alternatives. 76 designated sites were selected from 118 public schools within 6 districts of Ulaanbaatar city. These 76 schools were eligible for analysis of the open space change between 2005 and 2015 with Google Earth Pro. The results showed that $175,048m^2$ open space was developed and two dominant types of open space conversion were found; 1) constructions of school facilities such as soccer field, extended school buildings, parking lot, sidewalk, and square, and 2) constructions of apartment buildings and service facilities such as community center, pedestrian, sports facilities, and parking lot. Apartment complex development has commonly happened in all districts and caused bigger open space loss than other types of development. Chingeltei district is located in the center of Ulaanbaatar city, and schools in this district lost the biggest open space, $50,036m^2$/35.24% over 10 years. The rate of open space loss seemed to be related to the distance from the urban center and open space loss was an ongoing event in Ulaanbaatar city. This trend would not be improved without a strong regulation, so, in this study, making strict regulations that prevent conversions of open space were suggested to conserve open space in Ulaanbaatar city.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.617-632
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• 2015

This study examines the effects of paternal parenting behaviors, child-rearing involvement, and father-child communication perceived by children on their leadership. A total of 197 children selected from three elementary schools and their fathers participated in this study. Data were collected using a parenting behavior index, a child-rearing involvement inventory, a father-child communication inventory, and a children's leadership index and statistically analyzed using the t-test, a one-way ANOVA ($Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test), and a multiple regression analysis. The results show significant differences in children's leadership according to the father's education level, family income, the father's warmth/acceptance, the father's family activity involvement, and open/problematic communication between the father and the child. The child's age, the father's education level, family income, the father's warmth/acceptance, open communication, and problematic communication were significant predictors of the child's leadership. These results suggest that a child's leadership may be strengthened if the father is warmer and more accepting and has open communication with the child.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2011

This study aimed at exploring the cultural ways to develope the under-space of overpass in the downtown area which has been considered as a dead, unhealthy place. The study process consists of 4 methodological stages. literature review, case study on environmental design of under-space of overpass, questionnaire and statistical analysis and specific study on regional context were conducted to understand the problems of the space and the needs of the community and visitors. The final suggestion based on the research are the natural rest settings including pocket parks with trees and fountain as well as cultural settings with small sized outdoor gallery and open performance stage which can be managed by the community members. The findings of this study would help the dead space in the center of the city regenerate the community in terms of physical, cultural and social environments. Also, this study will show the importance and the methodological approach of the research for the development of the hidden potential space of the city.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.75-91
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• 1993

Structure and dynamics of Abies koreana community in Mt. Gaya were studied to provide the basic data for conservation of Abies koreana community, an endemic species in Korea. A. koreana community of this study site was composed of tree layer (4~7m), subtree layer (2~4m), shrub layer (1~2m), and herb layer (below 1m). The heights of tree and subtree layers were low. Floristic composition showed that this study site was subalpine and dry site. In frequency distribution diagram of diameter classes of major species consisting of A. koreana community, those of both A. koreana and other species showed reverse J-shaped types. From these results, it was estimated that A. koreana community of this site might be maintained continuously as a stable climax state like present state. In the spatal distribution diagram of major species, saplings of A. koreana were established under the canopy of A. koreana and Pinus koraiensis and under the dead tree of A. koreana. From these results, it was known that A. koreana saplings were recruited before the community was disturbed and regeneration was accomplished by advance regeneration pattern, in which these saplings established before occurrence of disturbance fill with open site originated from death of mature tree. Growth of annual rings was variable among individuals, it was estimated that such variation was originated in that growth of each individual relates to microclimatic conditions rather than macroclimatic ones. Ecological longevity of A. koreana in this study site estimated by disturbance types and age of dead trees was about 120 years.