• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.629-639
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• 2016

The present study was designed to investigate the characteristics of gintonin, one of components isolated from Korean Ginseng on secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the isolated perfused model of rat adrenal gland and to clarify its mechanism of action. Gintonin (1 to $30{\mu}g/ml$), perfused into an adrenal vein, markedly increased the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. The gintonin-evoked CA secretion was greatly inhibited in the presence of chlorisondamine ($1{\mu}M$, an autonomic ganglionic bloker), pirenzepine ($2{\mu}M$, a muscarinic $M_1$ receptor antagonist), Ki14625 ($10{\mu}M$, an $LPA_{1/3}$ receptor antagonist), amiloride (1 mM, an inhibitor of $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchanger), a nicardipine ($1{\mu}M$, a voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker), TMB-8 ($1{\mu}M$, an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ antagonist), and perfusion of $Ca^{2+}$-free Krebs solution with 5mM EGTA (a $Ca^{2+}$chelater), while was not affected by sodium nitroprusside ($100{\mu}M$, a nitrosovasodialtor). Interestingly, LPA ($0.3{\sim}3{\mu}M$, an LPA receptor agonist) also dose-dependently enhanced the CA secretion from the adrenal medulla, but this facilitatory effect of LPA was greatly inhibited in the presence of Ki 14625 ($10{\mu}M$). Moreover, acetylcholine (AC)-evoked CA secretion was greatly potentiated during the perfusion of gintonin ($3{\mu}g/ml$). Taken together, these results demonstrate the first evidence that gintonin increases the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. This facilitatory effect of gintonin seems to be associated with activation of LPA- and cholinergic-receptors, which are relevant to the cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$ increase by stimulation of the $Ca^{2+}$ influx as well as by the inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ uptake into the cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$ stores, without the increased nitric oxide (NO). Based on these results, it is thought that gintonin, one of ginseng components, can elevate the CA secretion from adrenal medulla by regulating the $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization for exocytosis, suggesting facilitation of cardiovascular system. Also, these findings show that gintonin might be at least one of ginseng-induced hypertensive components.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1985

Species of scotochromogenic mycobacteria of Group II isolated from sputa of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis-like diseases from 1979 to 1984 were identified by simple biochemical tests using. nitrate reduction, Tween-80 hydrolysis, arylsulfatase and urease test, and serotypes of the isolates belonging to M. scrofulaceum were differentiated by bacterial agglutination test. Of 39 strains. tested, 11(28.2%) proved to be M. scrofulaceum, 15(38.5%) M. flavescens and 13(33.3%) M. gordonae. But none of the isolates belonged to M. szulgai and M. xenopi known as major pathogens of mycobacteria of Group II. Of 11 strains of the isolates identified as M. scrofulaceum 3 strains(27.3%) each belonged to serotype 41 and 42, and 4 strains(36.4%) belonged to serotype 43, but one strain was not typable because of its inagglutinability by any one of the type specific sera. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of rabbit immune sera against type strains of serotype 41, 42 and 43 of M. scrofulaceum were analysed by bacterial agglutination test. In the sensitivity of microplate test with 11 isolates of M. scrofulaceum, a comparative tandem test using 2 units and one unit of absorbed antisera against three serotypes appeared to be superior to a conventional microplate test using one unit of type specific antisera.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.177-187
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• 2020

Virtualization with hypervisors is one of emerging topics in multicore processors for space. Hypervisors are software layers to make several independent virtualized environments on one processor. Since all hardware resources are virtualized and distributed only by hypervisors, overall performance of processors can be improved by fully utilizing the resources. However at the same time, there are overheads for virtualizing and distributing hardware resources. Satellites are one of hard real time systems, and performance degradation with overheads should be analyzed thoroughly. Previous research on the overheads focused on single core systems. Even the overheads were analyzed in multicore systems, SMP environment was not fully included. This paper builds SMP environment with XtratuM, one of hypervisors for space missions, and analyzes performance degradation with overheads. Two boards of GR712RC with 2 LEON3FT CPUs and GR740 with 4 LEON4 CPUs are used in experiments. On each board, SMP benchmark functions are executed on SMP environment with XtratuM and on that without XtratuM respectively. Results are analyzed to find timing characteristics including overheads. Finally, applicability of the XtratuM to flight software in SMP is also reviewed.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.22
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• pp.41-48
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• 2004

This study is performed in order to provide the basic information needed for the development of cutting blade for combine. By comparing the developed cutting blade of which were made groove of the surface with the common cutting blade. Friction force and cutting resistance by the cutter bar speed ratio and moisture content of rice stalk were shown as follows: 1. The friction force of the developed cutting blade is shown at the average value $0.12kg{\cdot}m$ as 25% lower than one of the common blade at the average value $0.16kg{\cdot}m$. 2. The cutting resistance of the developed cutting blade is shown as respectively 12%, 15% and 20% lower than one of the common blade at the moisture content of rice stalk of 14.2%, 55.3% and 84.2%. 3. The cutting resistance of cutting blade by two different driving types is shown that the one by double driving type is $0.2kg{\cdot}m$, and the one by single driving type is $0.24kg{\cdot}m$. 4. Optimum cutter bar speed ratio of cutting blade is shown as different according to the moisture content of rice stalk.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to investigate the differentiation, from spore germination to hyphae growth and phialide formation, of Aspergillus niger through the method of synchronous and submerged culture. Through continuous experiments by shake culture with potassium acetate medium, we observed the formation of spores at appropriate concentration and pH. Potassium acetate medium was set pH 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 on each scale, and control, 20 mM, and 40 mM, 80 mM and 160 mM concentrations on the other scale. Aspergillus niger was cultured in the defined media at $28^{\circ}C$, and mycelial dry weight, changes of pH and the onset of sporulation were checked. The mycelial dry weight, increased in potassium acetate medium, and pH increased during mycelial growth and gradually decreased after the spore formation. When pH increased excessively in Potassium acetate medium with pH 7.0, the mycelia could not adapt and mycelial dry weight decreased gradually. At pH 5.5, the onset of sporulation was done within one day at 20 mM it took, at 80 mM three days and at 160 mM concentration. in two days, at 40 mM one to four days were taken, 80 mM concentration respectively. At pH 6.5, the onset of sporulation was done in three days and four days at 80 mM concentrations respectively. Spore formation was not shown at pH 7.0. In controlled medium with all levels of pH, spore formation was not shown.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.1 s.84
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• pp.119-126
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• 1998

Mitochondria were isolated from Lentinus edodes and properties of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase were studied. Optimal pH, temperature, and thermal stability of the enzyme were estimated to be 7.6, $33^{\circ}C$, and stable for one hour at $50^{\circ}C$. The apparent $K_m$ for the NADH was 0.33 mM. This enzyme catalyzed to transfer electrons from NADH to ferricyanide, decylubiquinone, and 2,6-dichloro-phenol-indophenol. 0.5 mM antimycin A and 0.01 mM dibromothymoquinone strongly inhibited 87.8% and 76.5% of the enzyme activities. 0.01 mM oligomycin known as an inhibitor of ATPase also strongly inhibited 79.2% of activities. 0.5 mM 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and 1.0 mM N-ethylmaleimide known as a modifier of SH group inhibited 50.4% and 36.7% of activities. 1 mM ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl benzoate and 10 mM orcinol, which had been known as an antibiotics isolated from Umbilicaria vellea according to our previous work, stimulated 68.4% and 48.1% of the enzyme activities.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 1999

Each life has its own properties that distinguish one another. With this property, Oriental medicine suggests original diagnosis and treament. Our process of aging shows typical outline of cycle, i. e. from one's birth to death. Understanding the life cycle of men gives us very good hint to predict one's state of health, possible diseases, characteristics of disease in each term of his/her life cycle. It's because body and mode of diseases change according to age. Aging starts when $\breve{U}$m Essence(陰精)-the essence one receive from parents-dries up or when Deficient Fire(虛火) soars. Parts that compose our body-bones, muscles, flesh, etc.-gradually weaken and worn out as they no longer get support from Yang-Ki(陽氣), In "Yellow Emperor's Classic", aging starts around one's forties when $\breve{U}$m Essence(陰精) is reduced to less than half. However, what is usually accepted is that women start aging from 49 and men 64, regarding significant geriatric disease. As it is mentioned, aging starts with exhaustion of $\breve{U}$m Essence(陰精) which results in soaring Deficient Fire. Main symptoms are weak mental state due to Sin(神) disorder, and weak physical state due to Spleen and Stomacn(脾胃) disorder. Main principle in treating and preventing diseases related to aging is preserving $\breve{U}$m Essence(陰精), as well as fortifying Ki and Blood(氣血). To do this, Lung(肺)-which collects $\breve{U}$m Essence(陰精), and Kidney(腎) stores-which stores $\breve{U}$m Essence(陰精).

• Kosin Medical Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2018

Objectives: We designed the study to compare the oncologic and renal function outcomes of off-clamp, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (OCLPN) and conventional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (HCLPN) for renal tumors. Methods: Between March 2008 and July 2015, 114 patients who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) of a renal neoplasm were studied. We performed LPN without hilar clamp on 40 patients (OCLPN, Group 1), and conventional LPN with hilar control and renorrhaphy on another 40 patients (HCLPN, Group 2). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of each patient's age, sex, R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (RNS), operation time, complications, hospitalization period, tumor size, positive resection margin, histologic classification of tumor, pathologic stage, Fuhrman grade, estimated blood loss (EBL), warm ischemic time (WIT), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and one year after surgery. Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex, preoperative eGFR, EBL, surgical (anesthesia) time, and tumor size between the two groups. The mean eGFR was not significantly different between the OCLPN and HCLPN groups 1 month (95 and $86.2mL/min/1.73m^2$, respectively; P = 0.106), 6 months (92.9 and $83.6mL/min/1.73m^2$, respectively; P = 0.151) and 12 months (93.8 and $84.7mL/min/1.73m^2$, respectively; P = 0.077) postoperatively. The change in eGFR after one year was 3.9% in the OCLPN group and -7.9% in the HCLPN group. Conclusions: OCLPN was superior to HCLPN in preserving renal function one year after surgery, and there was no statistically significant difference in tumor treatment results.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2002

The type of graphite(Gr)/ppy, fullerene$(full^-)$ electrode, ppy one modified with $(full^-)$, was prepared with the cell type of Gr/5mM ppy, 1mM $(full^-)$, 0.1M $TBABF_4$, CH3CN/Pt. The values of the ionic formation rate of the it at electrode materials such as Pt/ppy, Pt, Gr and Au were $93.6,\;7.0\times10^2,\;42.6\;and\;1.3\times10^2cms^{-1}$ respectively. The admittance values of the Grippy electrode and the modified Grippy, $(full^-)$ one were five times enhanced $1.7\times10^{-3}S\;to\;8.3\times10^{-3}\;S$ and capacitance values of electrical double layer of them were 174 times increased $2.4\times10^{-6}\;F\;to\;4.2\times10^{-5}\;F$ respectively.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.307-315
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• 1993

A study on a new anti-finger printed EGI steel sheet with high corrosion resistance has been carried out to meet the recent requirement of high quality and performance of the pure zinc electrogalvanized steel sheet. The substrate was the pure zinc electrogalvanized sheet with the metallic coating of 20g/$\m^2$. The two differ-ent processes for inorganic(chromating) and organic(resin) coating were applied. One was a two coat/two bake type to separately treat chromating and resin coating which is now widely used. The other was a one coat/one bake type to simultaneously treat them which is newly developed in this study. The solution for the one coat/one bake type was an aqua-base coating agents which was composed of inorganic and organic components. The new anti-finger printed EGI steel sheet with the Cr and resin coating weight of 13mg/$\m^2$ and 800mg/$\m^2$, respectively shows the superior corrosion resistance besides the good paintability, formability fingerprint resistance and earth characteristics properties.