• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.442-449
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the amount of cuspal deflection and linear polymerization shrinkage in resin composite and polyacid modified resin composite, For cuspal defelction and shrinkage measurement, Dyract AP, Compoglass F, Z100, Surefil. Pyramid, Synergy Compact, Heliomolar and Heliomolar HB were used. For measuring polymerization shrinkage, a custom made linometer (R&B, Daejon, Korea) was used The amount of shrinkage among materials was compared using One-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey's test at the $95\%$ of confidence level For measuring cuspal deflection of teeth, standardized MOD cavities were prepared in extracted maxillary premolars. After a self-etching adhesive was applied, cavities were bulk filled with one of the felling materials. Fifteen teeth were used for each material. Cuspal deflection was measured by a custom made cuspal-deflection measuring device. One-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey's test were used to determine differences between the materials at the $95\%$ of confidence level, Correlation of polymerization shrinkage and cuspal deflection were analyzed by regression analysis. The amount of polymerization shrinkage from least to greatest was Heliomolar, Surefil < Heliomolar HB < Z100, Synergy Compact < Dyract AP < Pyramid, Compoglass F (p<0.05). The amount of cuspal deflection from least to greatest was Z100, Heliomolar, Heliomolar HB, Synergy Compact Surefil < Compoglass F < Pyramid, Dyract AP (p < 0.05). The amount of polymerization shrinkage and cuspal deflection showed a correlation (p<0.001).

• 대한방사선치료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.19-22
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• 2005

Introduction: Daily Q.A is the important step which must be preceded in a radiation treatment. Specially, radiation output measurement and laser alignment, SSD indicator related to a patient set-up recurrence must be confirmed for a reasonable radiation treatment. Daily Q.A proceeds correctness and a prompt way, and needs an objective measurement basis. Manufacture of the device which can facilitate confirmation of output measurement and appliances check at one time was requested. Methods and Materials: Produced the phantom formal daily check device which can confirm a lot of appliances check (output measurement and laser alignment, field size, SSD indicator) with one time of set up at a time, and measurement observed a linear accelerator (4 machine) for four months and evaluated efficiency. Result: We were able to confirm an laser alignment, field size, SSD indicator check at the same time, and out put measurement was possible with the same set up, so daily Q.A time was reduced, and were able to confirm an objective basis about each item measurement. As a result of having measured for four months, output measurement within ${\pm}\;2\%$, and measured laser alignment, field size, SSD indicator in range within ${\pm}\;1mm$. Conclusion: We can enforce output measurement and appliances check conveniently and time was reduced and was able to raise efficiency of business. We were able to bring n cost reduction by substitution expensive commercialized equipment. Further It is necessary to makes a product as strong and slight materials, and improve convenience of use.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.218-224
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• 2019

Objective: This reliability study examined the effects of applying varying induced inward pressures using a transducer placed at 0° neutral ankle position (NEU) and 15° ankle dorsiflexion (DF) on tibialis anterior (TA) muscle thickness using a custom-made device with a force indicator during rehabilitative ultrasound imaging. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Two examiners measured the muscle thickness of the TA at 0° NEU and 15° DF in 3 conditions of inward pressures (1.0 N, 2.0 N, and 4.0 N) using a custom-made holder. The muscle thickness was measured three times for each of the conditions arranged in random order. For intra- and inter-rater reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals, standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and coefficient of variation were analyzed. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted for investigating changes of TA muscle thickness according to the inward pressures of the transducers. Results: The intra-rater reliability of TA muscle thickness measurement was excellent (ICC_3,1: 0.92-0.96) for all conditions (at both ankle joint angles per varying inward pressure). Likewise, the inter-rater reliability of TA muscle thickness measurement was excellent (ICC_2,1: 0.89-0.97) under same conditions. The mean of TA thickness showed the trend of decreasing significantly with increased inward pressures at all ankle joint angles (p<0.05). Conclusions: Use of this custom-made device with a force indicator is useful to accomplish the high intra- and inter-rater reliability of TA muscle thickness measurement at both ankle joint angles in reducing the measurement error.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.371-375
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• 2008

In blood pressure measurement, the oscillometric method detects and analyzes the pulse pressure oscillation while deflating the cuff around the arm. For its principle, one has to inflate cuff pressure above the subject's systolic pressure and deflate below the diastolic pressure. Most of the commercialized devices inflate until the fixed target pressure and deflate until the fixed completion pressure because there is no way to know the systolic and diastolic pressure before measurement. Too high target pressure makes stress to the subject and too low target pressure makes big error or long measurement time because of re-inflation. There are similar problems for inadequate completion pressure. In this study, we suggest new algorithm to set proper target and completion pressure for each subject by analyzing pressure waveform while inflating period. We compared our proposed method and auscultation method to see the errors of estimation. The differences between the two measurements were -4.02$\pm$4.80mmHg, -10.50$\pm$10.57mmHg and -0.78$\pm$5.l7mmHg for mean arterial pressure, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure respectively. Consequently, we could set the target pressure by 30 mmHg higher than our estimation and we could stop at 20mmHg lower than our estimated diastolic pressure. Using this method, we could reduce the measurement time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1399-1409
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the shape of gathered skirts using a three-dimensional measurement system. And in this experiment, I try to accumulate three-dimensional data of wearing model and to figure out analyzing method made by shape of clothes. The experimental design consists of two factorial designs. I set up three different kinds of fabrics, ratio of gathers. Therefore nine samples were made. The instrument and tools for three-dimensional measurement was whole body 3D scanner. Analysis program used in experiment is RapidForm 2004 PP1 and Pattern Design 2000. Data analysis utilizes SPSS WIN 10.0 Package. T-test to effect an inspection of evidence, there was difference about measurement times. One-way ANOVA to analysis effect of gather made by gathering conditions. The following results were obtained; 1. As a result of inspecting an error several times using a three-dimension measurement system, convinced data was obtained. 2. At front, distribution of gap amount was larger than back. And as ratio of gathers increased, distribution of gap amount showed regularly. 3. After analyzing horizontal sectional figure of skirts, as a height of skirt changed from waist to the bottom of skirts, the results showed as follows. While section width, section thickness, node width, node depth increased, node count decreased. 4. With the horizontal section levels of gather skirt, the silhouette on middle hip section was similar with the silhouette of body line. And as ratio of gathers around hip section increased, nodes showed regularly. At the bottom of skirts showed different nodes by different gathering condition.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2010

This paper proposes the compliance collaboration index(CCI) which can be useful to measure the level of supply chain's compliance collaboration quantitatively. It can be shown that the proposed index is quite flexible when applied in real situations at the request of the index user. For instance, even if only one company of many companies in trade supply chain to be tested through the AEO certification test is not satisfied the required specification. the index is designed in such a way that the score can't be higher than a certain predetermined value. The proposed CCI can be used as the guidance for a trade company's collaboration process control strategy to increase the efficiency of compliance improvement activity. In this paper, we use the Analysis Hierarchy Process(AHP) which is one of the methods recommended by ISO/ICE as a measurement of weight to be assigned to the relevant parameters considered in the CCI.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three visual conditions (eyes opened, eyes closed, and wearing of a head mounted display [HMD]) on single-leg standing through kinematics and kinetic analysis. Method: Twelve college students (age: $24.5{\pm}2.6years$, height: $175.0{\pm}6.4cm$, weight: $69.2{\pm}5.1kg$) participated in this study. The study method adopted three-dimensional analysis with six cameras and ground reaction force measurement with one force plate. The analysis variables were coefficient of variation (CV) of the center of body mass, head movement, ground reaction force, and center of pressure, which were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures according to visual conditions. Results: In most cases, the results of this study showed that the CV was significantly higher in the order of HMD wearing, eyes closed, and eyes opened conditions. Conclusion: Our results indicated that body sway was the largest in the HMD wearing condition, and the risk of falling was high owing to the low stability.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.313-328
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• 2010

Mathematical modeling has been observed in the way of a possibility to contribute in improving students' problem solving abilities. One of the important views of real life problem context could be described such as a useful ways to interpret the real life leading to children's abstraction process. The problem contexts for the grade 6 with mathematical modeling perspectives were developed by reviewing the current 7th National Mathematics Curriculum of Korea. Those include the 5 content areas such as number & operation, geometry, measurement, probability & statistics, and pattern & problem solving. One of problem contexts, "Space", specially designed for pattern & problem solving area, was applied to the grade 6 students and analyzed in detail to understand student's mathematical modeling progress.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

In this study, dewaterability, one of the important properties of wastewater sludge, was investigated using a simple capillary suction time (CST) measurement method. It turned out that one could use the results of CST to find optimum flocculants ratio to improve drainage in wastewater treatment for the printing paper, tissue paper, and newsprint paper mill. Since the optimum ratio of flocculants could be determined with the value of CST, COD removal efficiency could be improved and optimum floc strength could be achieved with precise ratio of flocculants. It was thus that using CST for determining the optimum ratio of flocculants could be economical by reducing the amount of flocculants. Dewaterability could be measured within several seconds using the values of CST in a precise way. The dewaterability could also be useful in investigating the optimum ratio of flocculants.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.148-155
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• 2024

We are designed was to find an efficient warm-up method for resistance training for muscle hypertrophy, and 10 males with at least 3 years of resistance training experience were selected as subjects. The 75% 1RM was measured directly based on the pre-measured bench press 1RM. After that, the main experiment of 75% 1RM bench press according to the three warm-up methods was conducted one week apart, and all experiments were randomized and cross-over. Performance according to the warm-up method (3) was measured by total exercise volume, and physiological changes were determined by myocardial workload. All post-measurement data were analyzed using SPSS.22.0 and analyzed using repeated measures one-way ANOVA and contrast comparisons were made using the deviation method. The results showed that the method of gradually increasing the number of repetitions by performing the same intensity as the intensity of the main exercise in the form of muscle hypertrophy, but at submaximal repetitions, showed the highest performance.