• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.87-98
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• 2000

This study derives problems of external space utilization site from on-site observation and questionnaire survey in order to suggest solutions for the problems. The main results are follows. First, fences as visual boundaries of apartment site play some negative roles - separation of space and heterogeneity of circumstance. This study suggests green fences to cure this problem. Second, residents want to change space use - ground to be used as green space or space for relaxation in stead of parking lots, elevator hall as social space, and underground as bike parks or health centers. Third, rooftop space, used as empty space or machine storage space, should be designed to be utilized as relaxation space by making easy to enter and exit.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2017

In this study, the characteristics of site amplification at seismic observation stations in Japan were estimated using the attenuation relationship of each station's response spectrum. Ground motion records observed after 32 earthquakes were employed to construct the attenuation relationship. The station correction factor at each KiK-net station was compared to the transfer functions between the base rock and the surface. For each station, the plot of the station correction factor versus the period was similar in shape to the graphs of the transfer function (amplitude ratio versus period). Therefore, the station correction factors are effective for evaluating site amplifications considering the period of ground shaking. In addition, the station correction factors were evaluated with respect to the average shear wave velocities using a geographic information system (GIS) dataset. Lastly, the site amplifications for specific periods were estimated throughout Japan.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.191-201
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• 2014

The gear was made of SNC815 case-carburized, quench hardened and tempered steel. The gears were failed far earlier than the expected service life used in the industrial site. Causes of the failed gear were analyzed by microstructure observation. By the SEM and micro structure examinations, the damaged surfaces had been weared and failed by fatigue. Through microscope observation on the damaged surface, it was found that the cause of failure was determined by external overloading and the initial stage of the damage was closely related to complex contact fatigue failure. The overload and contact fatigue contributed to the early failure cause.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.60-72
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• 1992

This study aims at predicting the behavior of saturated soft clayey foundation subjected to earth structure loads such as tidal dike, embankment etc. by using Biot's consolidation equation coupled with elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model. To validate the computer program developed b author, a case study was performed for the site of Kwang-yang steel works improved by sand drain, where since the beginning of the works, field measurements(settlement, lateral displacement and excess pore water pressure) had been accurately achieved. Comparisons between numerical results and observation values were carried out. The main results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Settlement and lateral displacement between numerical and observation values show satisfactory accordance. 2. As for the exess pre water pressure, numerical results appear to be larger than observation values, which may be due to the existence of sand seams which were not found during soil investigation. 3. Useful data available for failure prediction of soft foundation can be secured by examining lateral displacement, settlement, exess pore water pressure and stress paths.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.261-272
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• 2014

In this study, to disseminate the Practical On-site Cooperation Model (POCoM) for practical improvement of science teaching and learning through cooperation between researcher and teacher, an in-service program has been developed, applied and evaluated. The in-service program emphasizes the following three aspects; (1) video-recording of actual science teaching has been used as a primary resource, (2) communication between teacher and researcher and among teachers have been emphasized, (3) activities have been mainly included. The in-service program has been implemented for nine hours, and 17 science teachers have been recruited as volunteers. The result shows that, by checking the agreements between raters, we found that teachers' expertise in analyzing the science class using the Korean Teaching Observation Protocol (KTOP) has improved, and we have confirmed that teachers are able to judge whether the science class has improved or not. Through the questionnaire, various highly positive responses could be obtained from teachers. And through the observation of teachers' activities during the in-service program, teachers' questions, their difficulties in doing activities, and their comments for improving the program has also been analyzed. Finally, based on the results, a list of recommendations for a more effective in-service program have been suggested. It is expected that this list can be utilized for more effective and meaningful design and implementation of in-service course.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.182-189
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a buoy system based on multi-hop relay networks for ocean observation. The proposed system consists of various sensor modules, a gateway, wireless communication modules, and a remote monitoring site. The sensor modules are integrated with various communication interfaces and connected to the gateway of the proposed buoy system with an unified protocol based on controller area network (CAN)-bus. In order to communicate with the remote monitoring site and extend the coverage, the proposed system uses long-term evolution (LTE) router and XBee mesh network modules. The field test results show that the proposed system can extend the coverage using the proposed multi-hop relay network.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.21-25
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• 2009

This study is about heat island as one of the urban climate variation factors in urbanized modern society, which compared and observed the thermal characteristics both the downtown location and the outskirt site in summer. The diurnal air temperature range at each point is $12.6^{\circ}C$ in the downtown location and $14.3^{\circ}C$ in the outskirt site, so, it was found that the diurnal air temperature range in the outskirt site was $1.7^{\circ}C$ higher than in the downtown location. There was 20 minutes difference to reach the highest temperature between globe temperature and air temperature in the downtown location, however, the time spent to reach the highest temperature between globe temperature and air temperature in the outskirt site was the same. When we compared the globe temperature between the downtown location and outskirt site, we found that the temperature in the outskirt site was lower than in the downtown location after sunset due to the sudden temperature drops, although the exposed time to insolation in the outskirt site is longer. The average of globe temperature difference on the sample days was $1.1^{\circ}C$, the average of surface temperature difference on the sample days was $1.0^{\circ}C$, and the average of air temperature difference on the sample days was $2.0^{\circ}C$ Thus, it was found that the average of air temperature difference was higher than the average of globe temperature and the average of surface temperature. The result of this study is that the urban environment factors have more effect on the air temperature difference than globe temperature and surface temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 1996

The heat of desorption and the work function change induced by nitrogen adsorption on the slepped tungstein surface plants, W(210) and W(310), are measured using the Field Electron Emission Microscope(FEM). The adsoption sites are predicted from the Thermal Desortion Spectra(TDS). The wirk function change of both W(210) and W(310) planes increase as increasing the nitrogen dose and saturates at the nitrogen dose about 5 Langmuir to 0.29 eV and 0.20 eV respectively. We find three adsorption site on each plane for the low dose range. The TDS result shows that the intensity of $\alpha_1$ state on W(310) is much stronger than that of $\alpha_1$ state on W(210), and the direction of nitrogen dipole moment adsorbed on the sites correspond to $\alpha_1$ and $\beta_2$ state on W(210) and W(310) planes are in the opposite direction to that of the equivalent states on W(100) plane. From this observation we can predict the relative atomic position in the z-direction (perpendicular direction to the surface) of nitrogen molecules/atoms adsorbed on these sites.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.136-145
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• 2009

Site characteristic is an important input parameter in the geologic hazard assessments including, but not limited to, earthquakes, liquefaction and landslides. Although it is a routine to use data collected by boreholes or seismic prospecting for site classifications, we used indirect methods using the geologic and the topographic maps. A site classification map in the Gyeongsang Province has been produced by GIS tools based on geologic age, rock types, and elevations from the geologic map and the topographic map of Korea. Site B (rock site) is dominant in the study area, although softer soils are observed along rivers and in reclaimed lands. We have found that 73% of the site classification results in the study are in concordance with those obtained from borehole data. Observed discrepancies are attributed to errors in the geologic and the topographic maps. For some sites, the origin of the differences is not clear, which requires a further field study or a drilling. Site classification from this study provides essential information for reliable hazard assessments of earthquakes, floods, landslides and liquefaction. Results obtained in the study also play a crucial role in land use planning for developing areas.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.94-101
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• 2009

This study which is the fundamental work to investigate the property of urban climate compared the property of thermal environment in the downtown location and the outskirt site based on the field observation in the summer. We analysed thermal environment in the downtown location mainly by distributional characteristics during day and night with changes and correlation analysis of the air temperature, the globe temperature and the surface temperature through the simultaneous observation of the property of thermal environment at two places in real time. The summary of finding in this study is as follows. (1)It is observed on the day chosen by sample that diurnal air temperature range in the downtown location is $22.3{\sim}34.9^{\circ}C$, and diurnal air temperature range in the Outskirt site is $20.0{\sim}34.3^{\circ}C$, so, we found that the diurnal air temperature range in the outskirt site is $1.7^{\circ}C$ higher than in the downtown location. (2)In comparison of the globe temperature after sunset, we found the change of more sudden temperature drops in the outskirt site than in the downtown location. (3)It is observed on the days chosen by sample that the average of globe temperature range is $1.1^{\circ}C$, the average of surface temperature range is $1.0^{\circ}C$, and air temperature range is $2.0^{\circ}C$, thus, the we found that the average of air temperature is $1.0^{\circ}C$ higher than globe temperature and the surface temperature. (4)After the consideration of air temperature and globe temperature distribution, the highest temperature reaching time of globe temperature is one hour earlier than air temperature in the downtown location, on the other hand, although the highest temperature reaching time of globe temperature in the outskirt sites is one hour later than in the downtown location, the timelag found in the downtown location was not found in the outskirt site.