• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.612-622
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sex, birth year, birth season, and parity of sows on their progeny using the following on-farm test records: Backfat Thickness (BF), Fresh Meat Percent (FMP), Loin depth (LD), Age at 90kg (90D), and Average Daily Gain (ADG). Statistical analysis was performed using data collected from 1,178 Yorkshire and 13,395 Landrace progenies, which were born from 119 Yorkshire and 1,191 Landrace sows, respectively between 2011 and 2015. All results of the analysis were statistically significant (P < 0.05) except the birth season effect on LD. For Landrace, the highest ratings were found to be at the $5^{th}$ parity (BF), at the $3^{rd}$ parity (FMP and LD), at the $2^{nd}$ parity (90D and ADG). For Yorkshire, the highest ratings were at the $2^{nd}$ parity (BF and FMP), at the $3^{rd}$ parity (LD), and at the $4^{th}$ parity (90D and ADG). Although the ratings of carcass traits of progeny appear to be higher between the maternal sow's $2^{nd}$ and $4^{th}$ progenitor, no significant relations to parity were found. Based on these results, we concluded that maternal parity is not significantly affect carcass traits of progeny and thus that the best slaughtering age of sows should not be determined solely based on maternal parity but also in consideration of other factors such as unit costs of production. The results of this study would provide fundamental information to future studies on the effect of economical parity on sows and swine breeding.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.3263-3291
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• 1974

Experimental work of grain bin was carried out to develop the methods of natural air in-bin drying and storage. The method is considered to be more economical, labour saving, and an effective countermeasure to grain loss. To examine the possibility of farm use of the grain bin and to analyze the related factors concerned with in-bin grain drying and storage, ambient air conditions (especially the change of air temperature and relative humidity) and grain quality during drying and storage periods were investigated. A laboratory model bin was constructed to investigate the effect of different forced air conditions on the drying characteristics of rice. In addition, a grain bin with 2.2m diameter and 1.8m height, considered to be the optimum size for the average Korean farm, was constructed and tested to examine the drying and storing characteristics of rice. The weather data analyzed in this study was the nine-year (from 1964 to 1972) record of air temperature and relative humidity in the Suweon area, and the thirty-year (from 1931 to 1960) record of pentad normal relative humidity and air temperature in the Seoul area. From the results of the weather data analyses, the adequate air delivery hours (which was arbitrary defined as the condition to give less than 75% relative humidity) to dry the rice during October were about nine hours (from approximately 10 A.M. to 7 P.M, ) a day, in which the average air temperature was about 15.9$^{\circ}C$ and average relative humidity was 66%. The occurence of days having three hours of such conditions was 1, 2, and 1-day within the 1st, 2nd add last 10-day periods for the month of October, respectively. Therefore, it may be considered that the weather condition in October was satisfactory for the forced natural air drying. The results of the laboratory model bin test were analyzed to obtain the drying curve and drying rate for different drying stages and grain layers in the bin corresponding to various conditions of forced natural air. A drying experiment with a prototype grain bin showed that an approximate 5 percent grain moisture gradient through a 1.6 meter grain deposit was observed after 80 hours of intermittent drying, giving an over dried zone in the lower grain layers and an extremely high grain moisture zone in the upper layers. This indicates that an effective measure should be taken to reduce this high moisture gradient. In order to investigate the drying characteristics of bulk grain in a layerturning operation a grain bin test was performed. This showed a significant improvement of uniform drying. In this test, approximate 107 hours were required to dry a depth of 1.6 meter of grain from an initial moisture content of 22.2 percent to a moisture content of 16.7 percent using an air delivery rate of 2.8 cubic meter per a minute per every cubic meter of grain. This resulted in a 2 percent moisture gradient from the top to the bottom of the bin. During storage period, till the end of June the average temperature of grain was 2~3$^{\circ}C$ higher than ambient air temperature. But during July when the grain moisture content went up slightly (less than 1 percent), the average temperature of the grain also increased to 3~5$^{\circ}C$ higher than ambient air temperature. It is therefore recommended that for safe grain storage, grain should not be stored in sheet metal bins after mid May. From the above results, in-bin rice drying and storage can be used effectively on Korean farms. It is strongly recommended that the use of grain-bin system should be implemented for farm use to improve farm drying and storage of rice.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2017

The goal of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in pig farms in the Republic of Korea using logistic regression and a multilevel model. A cross-sectional study was applied to 305 pig farms with a questionnaire-based interview by veterinarians between March 2014 and February 2015. The questionnaire comprised eight categories: proximity to neighbors, disinfection, visitors, vehicles, insecticides, wild animals, gilts, and feeding. In total, 61 questions in eight categories related to pig farm biosecurity were investigated. Farms were classified as PRRS stable or unstable based on the results of an antibody test and PCR. For univariate analysis, keeping production records with computers (OR = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.056 - 1.425), accredited farm with no use of antibiotics (OR = 0.412, 95% CI = 0.134 - 1.269), reviewing health record of semen prior to purchasing (OR = 0.492, 95% CI = 0.152 - 1.589), complete isolation of runt pigs (OR = 0.264, 95% CI = 0.084 - 0.829), compulsory registering for visitors (OR = 0.424, 95% CI = 0.111 - 1.612), keeping records of insecticide history (OR = 0.406, 95% CI = 0.089 - 1.846), routine on-farm monitoring by veterinarians (OR = 0.314, 95% CI = 0.069 - 1.423), and use of on-farm checklist for biosecurity monitoring (OR = 0.313, 95% CI = 0.063 - 1.553) were found to decrease the probability of PRRS infection. Multivariate and multilevel analysis revealed only two factors, complete isolation of runt pigs (OR = 0.165, 95% CI = 0.045 - 0.602 and OR = 0.208, 95% CI = 0.055 - 0.782) and compulsory registering for visitors (OR = 0.106, 95% CI = 0.017 - 0.655 and OR = 0.119, 95% CI = 0.017 - 0.809) were found to decrease the probability of PRRS infection. The intracluster correlation coefficient of a province for multilevel model was 0.05. The results of this study might facilitate biosecurity measures for individual farms to reduce the probability of PRRS infection.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.87-103
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• 1991

The somatic cell counts SCC and bacteria counts were done by D milk plant, P milk plant, S milk plant and Inch'${\v{\times}}n$ Vet. Serv. Lab from 1987 to 1990 with Coulter counter, Fossomatic 90, Bactoscan, Rolling ball viscometer and Resazurin reduction test. The results were summarized as follows 1. In the distribution of SCC of the bulk herd milk, D milk plant from Nov. 1989 to Oct. 1990 remarks 80.2% on the range below 500, 000, 14.5% ranging from 1, 000, 000 to 1, 500, 000, 1.2% ranging from 1, 500, 000 to 2, 000, 000, 0.69% ranging from 2, 000, 000 to 3, 000, 000, 0.71% on the range over 3, 000, 000. P milk plant remarks 237, 000 in the first half year and 251, 000 in the second half year in 1990 year. S milk plant remarks annual average of 335, 000 in 1987, 273, 000 in 1988 and 262, 000 in 1989. The individual record of Inch'${\v{\times}}n$ Vet. Serv Lab. remarks 79.35% and 80.2% below 500, 000 8.30% and 7.40% from 500, 000 to 1, 000, 000, 2.37% and 3.2% from 1, 000, 000 to 1, 500, 000, 2.77% and 2.30% from 1, 500, 000 to 2, 000, 000, 1.67% and 2.00% from 2, 000, 000 to 3, 000, 000, 5.53% and 4.40% over 3, 000, 000 in 1989 and 1990, respectively. The grade distirbution of SCC is as follows: D milk plant shows 1st grade-80.20%, 2nd grade-l6.5% and 3rd grade-3.30%. And P milk plant shows all 1st grade. S milk plant shows 87.30%, 8.6% and 4.1% in 1987 and 91.90%, 6.1% and 2.0% in 1988, and 92.40%, 6.1% and l.5% in 1989 on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade respectively. 2. The distribution of bacteria P milk plant reached 15.123 in 1st half year and 21.515 in 2nd half year. Also, S milk plant reached 81.5%, 12.5%, 6.0% in 1987, and 86.20%, 9.70%, 4.1% in 1988, and 86.2%, 10.8%, 3.0% in 1989 respectively for 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade. 3. The regional SCC distribution in D milk plant shows 1, 540, 000 in three regions and 714, 000 in one region. And monthly SCC distribution shows 671, 000 in December and 1, 165, 000 in June. 4. As a result of the individual SCC test, 9 times for 16 cows in “I”farm(1986-1988), and 6 times for 13 cows in“D”farm(1987-1988) No.3, 5, 9, 14 cows in“I”farm showed the high SCC beyond 1, 000, 000 over 4-5times. 5. If the SCC over 300, 000 reach 40%, the national producing quality of milk can be reduced by 87, 600M /I annually and in the sum of money, it should be about 35.5 billion Won. 6. The difference between high group and low group for SCC in D milk plant reached over 1, 000, 000. In case that the difference reaches 1, 000, 000 in the farm bulk milk at a farm breeding 20 cows which produce 20kg milk per day, it was estimate that the annual difference of producing quantity and sum of money respectively should be reached 26, 280kg in milk and 10, 643, 400 Won in income.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 Landrace, Large White와 Duroc 3품종의 3원 교잡 시스템으로 비육돈을 생산하는 9개 농가를 대상으로 Landrace와 Large White 교배를 통해 생산된 $F_1$ 모돈과 Duroc 웅돈 그리고 비육돈을 이용하여 기 보고한 바 있는 돼지 이력추적 및 브랜드육 식별을 위한 13종의 MS marker의 개체판별능과 혈연관계 추정 효율을 실증하였다. 우선 $F_1$ 모돈과 웅돈 즉 부모 집단을 대상으로 API-CALC version 1.0 프로그램을 이용하여 무작위 교배집단, 반형매 교배집단 그리고 전형매 교배집단으로 가정시 개체 판별능이 각 각 $4.94{\times}10^{-34}$, $8.16{\times}10^{-23}$ 그리고 $2.01{\times}10^{-08}$으로 추정되었으며, 비육돈을 포함한 추정치는 $3.74{\times}10^{-35}$, $5.48{\times}10^{-25}$ 그리고 $2.96{\times}10^{-11}$으로 추정되었다. 또한 Cervus version 2.0을 이용하여 친자감별률을 추정한 결과 100% 인 것으로 추정되었다. 이론적으로 산출된 상기의 수치들을 검증하기 위해 PAPA version 2.0 프로그램을 이용하여 비육돈 전체 452두에 대한 친자감별을 실시한 결과 100% 친부모를 확인 할 수 있었으며, Cervus 프로그램을 이용하여 전체 축군에서 동일한 대립유전자형을 가진 개체의 출현을 조사한 결과 동일개체는 존재하지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 비록 개체 판별능에 대한 실증은 제시한 이론적 판별능에 상응하는 두수를 검증하지는 못하였으나, 친자확인의 경우는 제시한 이론적 효율성 100%는 실증적으로 검증되었다. 따라서 현재 국내에서 행해지는 3 품종 교잡에 의한 비육돈 생산 시스템의 경우 본 연구의 결과로 비추어 볼 때 13 MS marker를 이용하여 체계화된 전산정보와 병행하여 계열화된 생산체계하의 브랜드 단위 또는 지역별 권역으로 구분하는 이력추적이 충분히 가능하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2008

본 연구는 (사)한국종축개량협회에서 1999년부터 2005년까지 농장검정한 Landrace종, Yorkshire종 2개 품종 111,169두의 번식자료를 이용하여 조사 분석하였다.품종 및 환경요인의 효과 추정은 사용된 모든 품종을 통합하여 분석하였으며, 육종가 및 유전모수의 추정은 1산차의 자료를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 혈통이 없는 자료는 분석에서 제외하였다. 자료의 표준화를 위해 총산자수의 표준편차 3배가 넘는 자료는 제거하였다.품종의 효과에서는 총산자수, 생시 생존 자돈수 및 총 사고두수에 대해 Yorkshire종이 각각 11.57±0.107두, 10.69±0.099두 및 0.88±0.041두로 나타났고, Landrace종이 각각 11.06±0.108두, 10.29±0.100두 및 0.77±0.042두로 나타나 모든 형질에서 Yorkshire종이 Landrace종보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다.유전력은 총산자수 0.246, 생시 생존 자돈수 0.256, 총 사고두수 0.141로 나타났다. 또한, 유전상관과 표현형상관에서는 총산자수와 생시 생존 자돈수 간에 각각 0.958, 0.925로 모두 높은 정의상관을 나타내었고, 총산자수와 총 사고두수는 각각 0.194, 0.379로 정의상관을 보였으며, 생시 생존 자돈수와 총 사고두수는 각각 －0.089, －0.002로 모두 낮은 부의 상관을 보였다.총산자수와 생시 생존 자돈수의 유전적 및 표현형 개량 정도에서 자돈등기가 시작된 2001년 이전에는 일정한 경향을 보이지 않다가 2001년 이후부터 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 총 사고두수는 감소하는 경향을 보였다.이상의 연구결과를 통해 농장검정돈의 번식능력을 파악할 수 있었고, 유전적 및 표현형 변화추세로 미루어 볼 때 (사)종축개량협회에서 2001년부터 실시한 자돈등기로 인해 번식성적의 정확도가 높아졌다고 추정 할 수 있다. 그러나 유전력이 다소 높게 나타난 것은 분만성적이 우수하지 못한 초산차의 성적을 이용하였고, 번식기록 및 혈통관리가 농장별로 일정한 기준이 없어 정확한 결과를 나타내지 못한 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 하여 검정농가의 산자능력에 대한 폭넓은 연구가 가능할 것으로 사료된다.