• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.99-113
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• 1996

Taurine, a ${\beta}$-amino acid, plays an important role as a neuromodulator and is necessary for the normal development of the brain. Since de novo synthesis of taurine in the brain is minimal and in vivo studies suggest that taurine does not cross the blood-brain barrier, the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier is likely to play a role in taurine transport between the central nervous system and the systemic circulation. Therefore, we examined in vivo elimination of taurine from the CSF in the rat to characterize in vivo kinetics of elimination for taurine from the CSF is consistent with the in vitro study. Using a stereotaxic device, cannulaes were placed into the lateral ventricle and the cisterna magna of the rat. Radio-labelled taurine and inulin (a marker of CSF flow) were injected into the lateral ventricle, and the concentrations of the labelled compounds in the CSF were monitored for up to 3 hrs in the cisterna magna. The apparent clearance of taurine from CSF was greater than the estimated CSF flow (p<0.005), indicating that there is a clearance process in addition to the CSF flow. Taurine distribution into the choroid plexus was at least 10 fold higher than that found in other brain areas (e.g., cerebellum, olfactory bulb and cortex). When unlabelled taurine was co-administered with radio-labelled taurine, the apparent clearance of the labeled taurine was reduced (p<0.01), suggesting a saturable disposition of taurine from CSF. Distribution of taurine into the choroid plexus, cerebellum, olfactory bulb and cortex was similarly diminished, indicating that the saturable uptake of taurine into these tissues is responsible for the non-linear disposition. A pharmacokinetic model involving first order elimination and saturable distribution described these data adequately. The Michaelis-Menten rate constant estimated from in vivo elimination study is similar to that obtained in the in vitro uptake experiment Collectively, our results demonstrate that taurine is transported in the choroid plexus via a taurine is cleared from the CSF via a saturable process. This process may be functionally relevant to taurine homeostasis in the brain.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.18.3-19
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• 1983

Choanal atresia, described first by Johann Roedere (1755) is an obstruction between the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal vault, and the diagnosis and treatment were developed because of severity of the disease. Embryologically, incomplete development of olfactory pit, or failure of nasobuccal membrane to rupture, or persistent remaining of buccopharyngeal membrane, etc, all forms the congenital choanal atresia. And the acquired type was the result from syphilis or diphtheria with a resultant stenosing cicatrix and after the inexpert surgery and the trauma. Multiple abnormalities may be present particularly affecting the head, the heart and the alimentary system in the congenital type. The operative technique employed would depend upon the type of obstruction(whether membranous or bony), the age of the patient, and the presence or absence of any associated pathologic condition. Since Emmert (1853) first tried blind puncture of the atretic plate with the trocar, other surgical techniques have been introduced over the years for the correction of choanal atresia, which were the transnasal, transpalatal, transantral and the transseptal approach. Among them, transpalatal approach was proved to be a popular technique, that it provides a direct route, thus permitting an exact reconstruction and low restenosis rate. Recently, we have experienced two cases of choanal atresia and treated successfully with transpalatal approach, so authors report these cases with a review of the literature.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.11-24
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• 2018

This study was based on previous ones that demonstrate how social exclusion leads to a desire for physical warmth. Research was conducted using odor-induced emotions to predict social exclusion, leading to a pursuit of emotional warmth and avoidance of emotional distance. For this purpose, a preliminary study sought to select odors perceived to be emotionally warm and emotionally distant, after which two experiments verified differences in odor preference between the social exclusion group and the control group. Results indicated that individuals who have experienced social exclusion had a stronger preference for warm odors and a weaker preference for cold odors compared to those who have not been socially ostracized. This study has theoretical value in terms of expanding the social exclusion-induced desire for physical warmth into the emotional dimension as well as examining the avoidance of emotional coldness, which had been overlooked in previous research studies. This also leads to practical implications for comfort foods, character emotions, emotional-space design, and emotions for artificial-intelligence chatbots.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.73-92
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• 2020

This article addresses the possibility of developing a new art appreciation method using olfaction, which was not previously considered an important sense in expanding the cultural enjoyment of visually impaired people. The human olfactory system is a faculty that is not considered very important in modern society; however, this is due to cultural factors, and from a biological point of view, the human sense of smell has sufficient potential for practical application. In this study, it is assumed that when various types of scent are perceived through this sense of smell, each has its own unconscious relation to color and concept, which researchers have termed "color directivity" and "concept directivity." Through experiments, the researchers found that some specific scents have color directivity and concept directivity, and in using these scents, they succeeded in delivering information about colors used in artworks to the visually impaired. Based on this study, we hope to continue our research on the use of color-concept directional scents that can convey the brightness and saturation of colors and more diverse hues.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.200-210
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• 2009

The Sign system of nursing home plays an important role when an elderly adapts to new environment and gets on daily life autonomously. Common living spaces are expecially important in maintaining social nature, adequate signage should be installed to aid them in finding their ways. Sign system is a comprehensive system consisted of various factors. In this research, it has been categorized as signage and cueing. Signage includes text and graphic signs, and cueing consists of floor plan configuration and sensual mechanism of visual, auditory, olfactory senses. Using this framework, held investigation and analysis were held in common area(shared living room, shared dining room, toilet) of 14 Korean, 8 Northern European, and 10 Japanese nursing home facilities. The result revealed that even though sign system should work as a combined unit, each factor was planed without relations to each other and did not perform mutually complementary role. Signage was installed too high, without considering the posture of elderly. Korean facilities used abundant and diverse signage compared to other countries. Japanese nursing home preferred cueing method over signage, and those of Northern Europe used plentiful visual cues such as color and ornaments.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.150-152
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• 2000

The investigation of electroantennogram (EAG) using insect antennad has been primarily focused on the measurement of insect pheromone. Insect has highly specialized olfactroy receptors inside their antennae. In this paper, EAG was applied to detect general oborants and the feasibility of this system for the olfactroy biosensor was investigated. Electroantennogram measurement was carried out using the antennae of male silkworm moth, bombyx mori, and ammonia gas as the model odorant. EAG parametres including peak ampiltude increased linearly with the ammonia concentration and the reproducible electrical signals were generated at least for 2 hrs after the antenna was cut off from the sulkworm moth.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1991 no.05
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• pp.98-100
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• 1991

A sensitive surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor for the detection of odorants has been constructed by depositing different phospholipids and fatty acids on the surface of the SAW device wi th the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The characteristics of SAW device operating at 310 MHz deposited with phosphatidylcholine were analyzed. Amyl acetate, acetoin, menthone and other organic gases showed different affinities. The identification of odorants depending on the species of lipid used for coating is discussed in terms of the similarity of the normalized resonant frequency shift pattern. Using a number of different lipid-coated SAW devices, odorants could be identified by a neural-network pattern recognition with back-propagation algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.309-312
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 비젼 시스템과 후각 센서를 이용하여 모바일 로봇의 냄새 발생지 탐색 기능을 구현 하였다. 모바일 로봇에서의 비젼 시스템은 많은 연구가 진행되어진 센싱 방식이지만, 후각 기능은 새롭게 지능 시스템의 센싱 방식으로 주목 받고 있는 추세이다. 이에 본 논문은 이전까지의 연구에서 보여준 임베디드 시스템에서의 가스 센싱 기능 구현을 벗어나 신경망 알고리즘을 이용하여 냄새를 구별 할 수 있는 후각 기능을 구현 하였으며, 비젼 시스템과 후각 센서의 복합적인 알고리즘을 통하여 냄새 발생지를 탐색하는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 이를 실험하기 위해 AMOR(Autonomous Mobile Olfactory Robot)을 구현하여 남새 발생지 탐색 알고리즘의 효용성을 입증 하였다.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-86
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• 2010

Hydrogen is emerging as clean fuel and important industrial raw materials. The hydrogen gas is not sensed by the human olfactory system, But the combustion characteristics of hydrogen is that the ignition is very easy, the propagation speed of the flame is very fast and explosion limits is a wide range of 4 %~75 %. Therefore it is extremely in danger, and the need for its leakage detection technologies is especially important in places such as a production, transportation, storage and usage. The hydrogen sensors are classified with ceramic type, semiconductor type, optical type, electrochemical type and so on. Hydrogen sensors and their technologies are reviewed in detail for materials, fabrication process, sensing characteristics, good point and faults, and production and utilization of sensors be discussed.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2003

The human sensibility product design requires information on consumer's emotions such as vision, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, or tactile perceptions. In this study, tactile sense which has not been well studied compared to other senses, is measured and statistically analysed. The emotional responses of 37 pairs of positive and negative adjectives describing tactile senses are collected and analysed through the questionnaire to find the correlation between adjectives and surface roughness of the sample. Mean ranks for 37 pairs of adjectives on four samples are obtained, and used to cluster these adjectives by factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, or cluster analysis.