• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.3 s.18
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• pp.79-90
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• 2006

This study was investigated to determine the quality monitoring of distributed materials from Glycyrrhizae Radix (26 samples), Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (24 samples) according to storage period after $1{\sim}3$ year. We have estimated by identification, purity, loss on drying, ash, acid insoluble ash, extract content, essential oil content, assay and microbial contamination. As a result, Glycyrrhizae Radix (26 samples) were satisfied with the standard of K.P. (Korean Pharmacopoeia) and WHO's microbial contamination limit standard. In the Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (24 samples), 2 samples were not satisfied with the standard of K.P.(Korean Pharmacopoeia) and WHO's microbial contamination limit standard. The results make practical application of the basic data for the quality control of herbal medicine in storage.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.578-581
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• 2001

A treatability study was conducted using a hydrocarbon-contaminated soil for the oPtimization of bioremediation strategy best fit to a given set of contamination. The applicability of nutrients, biosurfactant, and oil-degrading microorganisms were examined by monitoring $CO_2$ evolution and oil degradation The addition of inorganic nutrients in the form of slow released fertilizer accelerated the initial rate of $CO_2$ evolution by a factor of 3. The application of oil-degrading microorganisms did not significantly increased $CO_2$ evolution or biodegradation efficiency. Application of a commercial biosurfactant was most effect in terms of the total $CO_2$ evolution and the oil degradation rate. The results indicate that $CO_2$ evolution measurement was found to be a simple and reliable countermeasure of crude oil hydrocarbon mineralization for the rapid determination of the best-fit bioremediation strategy.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.645-652
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• 2003

The coastal environment of King George Island is potentially subject to contamination by pollutants arising from station operations, such as emissions from fossil fuel burning, oil spills, waste disposal, etc. As a preparatory step to assess such impacts on the marine environment and living organisms of this island, two molluscan species (the bivalve Laternula elliptica and the gastropod Nacella concinna) were selected as biomonitors for metal pollution monitoring, and their baseline levels have been investigated for the past several years at King Sejong Station. In this review, variability of the baseline levels is discussed in relation to body size, tissue type, and sex. Natural elevations of some metals are also discussed with respect to the environmental characteristics of this region.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1939-1946
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• 2008

The Oceanic ecosystem destruction caused by Water-Bloom, Jellyfish development, and Oil contamination in nation's waters becomes serious problem. For these reasons, the oceanic conditions are observed in air and on the water using helicopters and vessels. But, employing helicopters and vessels are limitted on a budget, and weather conditions. To overcome these problems, an unattended automated monitoring system not only gather all sorts of the oceanic condition in spite of bad weather, but save labor and oil costs. For each sensor connected in network and radiodetermination, location of sensors are verified in the tidal water to improve gathering informations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.321-327
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• 1998

This paper presented a case study on the application of on-line wear monitoring technique to a high duty air-turbo-compressor system. Main objects monitored were a gear unit and metal bearings, both shown frequent troubles due to the severe operation conditions at heavy dynamic load. The air-turbo-compressor system needs secure condition monitoring because it is one of the main utilities in steel making industry. Temperature and vibration characteristics have been mainly on-line monitored in this system for a predictive maintenance; however, it has been shown that they are not fairly good enough to give an early warning prior to the machine failure. In this work, an on-line Opto Magnetic Detector(OMD) was implemented for an on-line wear monitoring, which quantitatively measured the contamination level of both ferrous and non-ferrous wear particles by detecting the change in optical density of used oil. Results showed that the application of on-line OMD system was satisfactory in diagnosis of the machine system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.472-477
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• 2017

Oil spills cause a lot of damage to the environment. Oil destroys the water environment and ecosystem in a very short period of time once they are contaminated by it, it takes a lot of time to recover from the contamination and the cleaning process is very difficult. Therefore, oil detectors are greatly needed as they can monitor any oil spills over the sea, rivers, and lakes. There are two kinds of technology available for detecting oil, viz. the contact and non-contact types. The former is based on the use of the conductivity, capacitance and microwaves, while the latter employs infrared, UV, laser, optic and radar technologies. As there are also various hurdles in the measuring of oil on water, such as the presence of waves, refraction of light, temperature and saltiness, it is imperative to select the right oil detector which is appropriate for the specific environment. In this study, a contact type oil detector is developed, which can be used in oil related industries, such as refineries, petrochemical companies, and power generation stations. The detector is made up of the sensor module, which floats on the water, and the controller which processes the signal coming from the sensor module and displays it. It is designed in such a way that the existence of oil is detected through the sensor and the change in the permittivity is observed to determine the volume and type of spilled oil.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.414-418
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), which are volatile aromatic hydrocarbons and main constituents of gasoline, are neuro-carcinogenic organic pollutants in soil and groundwater. Korea Ministry of Environment has established the maximum permissible level of BTEX in arable soil to 1, 20, 50 and 15 mg/kg, respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS: To understand an arable soil contamination by BTEX, we collected 92 samples from the arable lands around oil reservoir, and analyzed the BTEX residue using a GC-MS with head-space sampler. A linear correlation between BTEX concentration and peak areas was detected with coefficient correlations in the range of 0.9807-0.9995. The method LOQ of BTEX was 0.002, 0.014, 0.084, and 0.038 mg/kg, respectively. Recoveries of 0.5 mg/kg BTEX were found to be 73.7-96.9%. The precision was reliable since RSD percentage (0.7-7.5%) was below 30, which was the normal percent value. Also, BTEX in all samples were detected under the LOQ. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the investigated arable soils around airport and oil reservoir in Korea were not contaminated by oils.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

$CO_2$-EOR (Carbon Dioxide-Enhanced Oil Recovery), one of the enhanced oil recovery methods, helps to not only enhance the production of oil, but also store carbon dioxide in underground. However, if micro fractures occur when during the injection of $CO_2$, it is difficult to make permanent storage of $CO_2$ in reservoir and can cause contamination of groundwater and soil. Therefore, in this study, we performed microseismic monitoring to investigate the occurrence of fractures during the $CO_2$ injection at the Meruap oil reservoir, Indonesia. To pick the first arrivals of microseismic events, Improved MER (Modified Energy Ratio) method was used. After picking the first arrivals, hodogram analysis was carried out by using the data recorded at three component geophones to calculate the back azimuth of events. Finally, locations of microseismic events were decided by using the results of first arrival picking and hodogram analysis. Estimated locations showed that all microseismic events were occurred at surface and any fracture did not occur around the reservoir. Moreover, by analyzing noise characteristic, we confirmed that almost of picked first arrivals were due to the repetitive mechanical noise.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1479-1488
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• 2022

Accidents in which oil spills occur intermittently in the ocean due to ship collisions and sinkings. In order to prepare prompt countermeasures when such an accident occurs, it is necessary to accurately identify the current status of spilled oil. To this end, the Coast Guard patrols the target area with a fixed-wing airplane or helicopter and checks it with the naked eye or video, but it was difficult to determine the area contaminated by the spilled oil and its exact location on the map. Accordingly, this study develops a technology for direct ortho-rectification by automatically geo-referencing aerial images collected by the Coast Guard without individual ground reference points to identify the current status of spilled oil. First, meta information required for georeferencing is extracted from a visualized screen of sensor information such as video by optical character recognition (OCR). Based on the extracted information, the external orientation parameters of the image are determined. Images are individually orthorectified using the determined the external orientation parameters. The accuracy of individual orthoimages generated through this method was evaluated to be about tens of meters up to 100 m. The accuracy level was reasonably acceptable considering the inherent errors of the position and attitude sensors, the inaccuracies in the internal orientation parameters such as camera focal length, without using no ground control points. It is judged to be an appropriate level for identifying the current status of spilled oil contaminated areas in the sea. In the future, if real-time transmission of images captured during flight becomes possible, individual orthoimages can be generated in real time through the proposed individual orthorectification technology. Based on this, it can be effectively used to quickly identify the current status of spilled oil contamination and establish countermeasures.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 1997

Additives in plastics are capable of migrating from the packaging materials into the foodstuffs, thereby presenting a source of contamination and a potential health risk to the consumer. The migration from packaging materials into foodstuffs is first of all regulated by examining the amounts of global and specific migrated components. Besides, there is worldwide still a need for practical methods for measuring and monitoring migration from polymers, especially for the testing of migration into fatty foodstuffs. Therefore, these studies were undertaken to investigate the safety status of domestic plastic packaging materials with respect to migration. Another objective of this study was to examine the applicability of ethanol as an alternative fatty food simulant substituting for olive oil and n-heptane. The evaporation residues for various dometic plastic samples determined as described in Korean food laws were in the level from 4.3 to 14.5 mg/$\ell$, which were much lower than the limit value of 150 mg/$\ell$. The global migration values into 95 % ethanol showed to be comparable to those into n-heptane, while the olive oil migration values were comparably higher than those into ethanol or n-heptane and moreover they were not reproducible. The kinetic migration begavior of additives in polyolefin samples into 95% ethanol showed a Fickian diffusion process. The results of these studies on global migration and kinetic testings demonstrate that the ethanol could be successfully substitute for the olive oil and n-heptane as an alternative fatty food simulant, at least in contact with polyoefins.